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Definition
| study of human social and collective behavior. |
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| people who share a culture and a territory |
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| Functions(manifest,latent, dysfunction) |
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Definition
__________-intended
_____-not intended
_________-Causing harm |
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Definition
Class Conflict Theory:
__________-the wealthy
___________-the laborers |
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| Auguste Comte/Positivism/Father of Sociology |
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Definition
Considered the father of society, wanted to use sociology for social reform
__________-applying scientific method to human behavior |
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Definition
Came up with the This Theory:
two social classes that will always be in opposition |
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| Came up with the grouped patterns of behavior, known for suicide study, wanted Sociology to be its own field of study. |
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| Max Weber/Protestant Ethic/Spirit of Capitalism |
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Definition
Known for two theories:
_____-Self denying approach and to save money
_________-Taking the money to invest to become richer
Springboard of religious beliefs caused these to happen |
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| Jane Addams/Hull House/1931 Nobel Peace Prize |
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Definition
Feminist, Social Reformist, was good at bridging the gap between wealthy and poor. Created a shelter for homeless:1/2 soup kitchen, 1/2 home
Several other types of social reforms |
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| Three Theoretical Perspectives |
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Definition
_________-the meanings we associate w/things that affect the outcome
_________-Society is a whole unit,made up of interrelated parts that work together, each with its own function
_______-Society is made up of groups that compete for scarce resources |
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Definition
| Has variables, cause and effect |
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| An educated guess on an outcome |
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| Have a purpose, independent and dependent |
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| A fact of life that is not a law nor a hypothesis |
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| a mutual relationship or connection between two or more things. |
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| subjects that are exposed to the variable factors in a control experiment. |
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| a group that is left alone from the experiment testing, to let run natural course. |
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| Culture(Material, Non-material/Symbolic) |
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Definition
The totality of learned, socially transmitted customs, knowledge, material objects and behavior
________-material objects that distinguish a group of people.
____-a group's way of thinking and doing |
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Definition
| A line of conduct or behavior judged as the right one, by a majority of people within a community. |
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| Ethnocentrism, Cultural Relativism |
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Definition
_____-Bias opinion of culture
_________-understand other cultures |
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| ideas that are desired in life |
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| rules of behavior that reflect or enforce those values. |
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| expressions of approval or disapproval |
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| norms in a society that aren't strictly enforced |
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| norms that are strictly enforced |
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| norms that are so strong that when broken, causes rebellion. the violator is considered unfit. |
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| Process by which individuals acquire the knowledge, language, social skills, and value to conform to the norms and roles required for integration into a group or community. |
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| Heredity vs. Enviroment(twin studies, feral children, isolated children, institutionalized children) |
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Definition
_______-a human child who has lived isolated from human contact from a very young age, and has no (or little) experience of human care, loving or social behavior, and crucially, of human language
_______-detrimental to a child's social development. Social interaction provides sensory stimulation.
__________-may develop detrimental to a child's social development. Social interaction provides sensory stimulation, |
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Term
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Definition
| Learning what's gender appropriate in our society. |
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Definition
| small face-to-face interactions |
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| big parts of society that relate to each other |
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| Social Structure(culture, social class, status, roles, groups, social institutions) |
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Definition
______-society interactions
________-Career prestige, standard of living
________-position someone occupies
______-behavior behind a status
__________-people who are socially interact
_______-organized, standard ways a society has to fill to survive |
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Term
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Definition
1.replacing members
2.socializing
3.producing/distributing goods and services
4.preserving order
5.providing a sense of purpose |
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Term
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Definition
1.Hunting & Gathering-family-oriented, small and nomadic
2.Pastoral and Horticultural-pasturing and raising herds, growing plants, larger groups, labor divided
3.Agricultural Societies-animal labor, inequality, feudal system
4.Industrial Societies- invention of steam engine, changes in social inequality, poor living standard, social reformation
5.Post industrial societies- invention of microchip, based on information. |
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Definition
wide spread acceptance of rationality throughout, the way we think has changed.
using rules, efficiency & practical results to determine human affairs. |
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| the reluctance to deviate from a known pattern. People that are 'set' in there ways of behavior. |
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| any violations of norms or rules. |
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| violations of norms, that have been made into law |
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Positive and Negative Sanctions/Shaming
people who go by the norms.
people who break the norms.
using a person for public ridicule. |
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Definition
| rate of people going back to jail |
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| sense of normalness in a society. |
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Definition
US-number 1 in this
Most countries have outlawed this |
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Term
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Definition
| classification of people into groups based on shared socio-economic conditions |
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| 4 Major Systems of Stratification |
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Definition
1.Slavery-some people own other people
2.Caste System-based on ascribed status that follows an individual throughout their life
3.Estate System-three groups, or estates. These were the nobility, clergy, and commoners.
4.Class System-based on the possession of money or material possessions. Allows social mobility, movement up and down the class ladder. |
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Definition
| Wealth, Power, & Prestige. |
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| Sex, Gender, Gender Stratification |
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Definition
Biological characteristics that distinguish males and female.
social characteristics that society considers proper for males and females.
males and females have unequal power, prestige and property |
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| men and women should be politically, economically and socially equal. |
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| a group of people with inherited physical characteristics that distinguish them from another another group. |
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| dominant group attempts to wipe out a whole race. |
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| group of people with each other on the basis of a common ancestry and cultural heritage. |
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| group that's singled out for unequal privileges. |
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| group that has the most power. |
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| an attitude of prejudging, usually in a negative way. |
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| an act of unfair treatment against an individual or group. |
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| prejudice and discrimination om the basis of race. |
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| policy of keeping racial/ethnic groups apart. Dominant groups have institutions so they can have minimal contact with the minority group. |
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Definition
| process by which the minority is absorbed into mainstream. Can be forced (i.e. made into law) |
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| promotes/encourages ethnic difference. |
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| The body of ideas reflecting the social needs and aspirations of an individual, group, class, or culture. |
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| Nuclear Family, Extended Family |
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Definition
a couple and their dependent children, regarded as a basic social unit.
includes grandparents, aunts, uncles, and other relatives, who all live nearby or in one household. |
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Definition
Requirement to marry inside a certain group.
Marry outside the group. |
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| Marry someone just like you. |
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process of receiving or giving systematic instruction.
(Horace Mann) |
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| a unified system of beliefs and practices regarding the sacred that unite its followers into a moral community. |
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aspects of life having to do with supernatural
common elements of everyday life, not religious. |
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| Sanctions that meets the basic needs of a society |
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Definition
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| all objects in the world are endowed with spirits. |
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| Cult, Sect, Church, Ecclesia |
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Definition
Small group of people w/opposition of dominant religion
A little larger, still feels criticism of people, but are more accepted.
Integrated into society, Large organization that has national/international offices that direct local congregations and control the money.
Religious Group that is so integrated into the dominant culture, you can't separate it from the culture. |
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Definition
| refers to social processes and events which do not reflect existing social structure, but which emerge in a "spontaneous" way. |
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| Unverified information passed from person to person |
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| Violent crowd behavior toward people and property. |
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| People become so fearful that they cannot function normally, often accompanied by by fleeing behavior. |
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Definition
temporary patterns of behavior that catch people's attention. Appears suddenly, spreads quickly, then disappears.
*Fashions-Driven by Capitalism
*Crazes-Very short, Very intense. |
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Term
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Definition
story with an ironic twist that sounds realistic, but is false.
Traits:
1.Moral Lesson
2.Reflects societal change
3.Instill fear
4.Told as True
5."Friend of a Friend"; adds credibility
6.Crops up around the country, seemingly spontaneous. |
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Term
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Definition
| large group of people who organize to either promote or resist social change. |
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