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Giotto Di Bondone
Proto Renaissance in Italy
Composition: The arch, the halos, the eye focus of the people
Symbolism: The barren tree
The idea of Individuality (the angels each have a different reaction)
People have their backs to us to draw us in as if we have a space
The edges in the sky indicate the frescos occurred in pieces at a time |
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Giotto Di Bondone
Proto Renaissance in Italy
Arena chapel, padua
Individual chapels that belong to wealthy family
No Frescos since Pompeii, which was under ash
As few windows as possibly for more room for paintings
His composition was leaps ahead of others
His tricks included all people looking at them; the arch emphasizes and draws you back to the couple |
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Renaissance in Northern Europe
February, Book of Hours (illumination page)
Lack of illusionary of space, very flat
Very detailed |
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Merode Altarpiece
Renissance in northern europe
Triptych of the Annunciation
Flemish/contemporary times
Patrons, Mary, Joseph
Illusionary space not believable
Humanized Mary, brought the story into a here and now, religious connection |
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renissance in northern europe
Jan Van Eyck
Giovanni Arnolfini and His Bride
Renaissance in Northern Europe
Until this time, paint was done in tempera mixed with egg, this is in oil |
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jan van eyck
Renaissance in Northern Europe
Man in a Red Turban (oil)
Van Eyck is the idea of making oil paint
More luminous
First interest in portraiture since Roman times |
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Ghiberti
reniassance in italy
linear perspective |
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renissance in italy
Donatello
David
First sculpture since Greek and Roman times, hollow cast
First nude sculpture |
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Definition
renissance in italy
donatello
Two equestrian statues before this
Worried look on his face |
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Renaissance in Italy
Brunelleschi
Church of San Lorenzo
Brunelleschi made the formula for drawing things in perfect perspective, linear
Slightly gothic because not completely rounded |
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Renaissance in Italy
Masaccio
Trinity with the Virgin
Something people could relate to
Used Brunelleschi's formula
Trompe l’oeil |
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Renaissance in Italy
masaccio
Tribute Money
3 scenes are unified by perspective and by the light, only one light source |
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Renaissance in Italy
masaccio
Botticelli
Birth of Venus
Roman mythology: goddess of love
Now okay to have paintings of roman, bringing in pagan images with Christianity |
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Term
| High Renaissance in Italy |
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Definition
Oil painting had been in northern Europe and now established in Italy
Major artists: Leonardo, Raphael, Michelangelo
About previous knowledge, Philosphers
Horns were a tradition from a misinterpretation of the bible |
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| cartoons, made medical illustration, inventions, helicopters |
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leonardo da vinci
high italy
Madonna of the Rocks (oil)
Popular subject
A triangle composition
Used sketches |
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leonardo
high italy
The Last Supper (Fresco with oil)
Combination of fresco and oil paint, bad combination
Individuality of each person and their emotion
Agnostic |
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leonardo
high italy
Mona Lisa (oil)
Her realism is what makes this significant
Her looking at the viewer was unusual
Hazy, sfumato |
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leonardo
high italy
Vitruvian Man
Went back to Vitruvius and translated his books
Drew out his ideal proportions of the body |
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Definition
| For hire, He was taught by the artists around him, took components from others |
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Raphael
high italy
Madonna (Cowper)
Putting a landscape behind a figure, identifiable place
showed he studied leonardo |
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Raphael
high italy
The School of Athens (fresco)
All features are flat, painted for dimension
Included actual people as figures
Composition, similar to last supper, single point perspective
Bringing science and religion together
controposto |
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Definition
| an architect in the remodeling of saint peter/ Capitoline Hill |
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michelangelo
high italy
Pieta (marble)
Pity in Italian, typically the subject of all pietas
Early work of Michelangelo
Realistic except proportion is off
Refers back to classical Greek sculpture of ideal age represented |
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Michelangelo
high italy
David (marble)
David and goliath, meant to be on the Florence cathedral, not perfect proportion
Founder for Florence, saw itself as the underdog to Rome |
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michelangelo
high italy
Unfinished” Slave (A.k.a. Cross Legged)
Are they unfinished? Metaphor for the human condition
We are trying to break free of ourselves |
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Michelangelo
late italy
Sistine Chapel - Ceiling (fresco)
Scaffolding he created
An angry man didn’t get along with others and didn’t want to do this, pope made him
Lots of nudity is present |
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Martin Luther, German theologist… founding protestants,
Art has changed, judgment has come |
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Michelangelo
Late italy
Sistine Chapel - Last Judgment wall (fresco)
The pope had someone go back and paint on clothes
Used real people for models |
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late italy
Venus of Urbino (oil)
Connection to mythology
Idea of balancing through colors and complexity
Strong diagonals and vertical and horizontal lines for perspective
Founder of sophisticated compositions and use of color, and contrast |
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late italy
Last Supper (oil)
2 point linear perspective
Starting with dark and bringing in light, under-painting is dark |
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Meant for specific, wealthy audience. Attitude of elite
Allegories: illustration of a moral point or story |
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Mannerism
Deposition (oil)
It looks flattened out, no illusionary space
You have to be on of the insides to appreciate it |
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Term
| Renaissance in Northern Europe |
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Definition
| flanders is still the main area |
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Definition
Renaissance in Northern Europe
Albrecht Dürer Adam and Eve (engraving)
Went to Italy to study
Influenced by Greek figures |
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Definition
Renaissance in Northern Europe
Albrect durer
The Great Piece of Turf |
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Definition
Renaissance in Northern Europe
albrecht durer
Self Portrait
Accurate, realistic, detailed |
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Definition
Renaissance in Northern Europe
Hieronymus Bosch
Garden of Earthly Delights
Symbolic
Music was the work of the devil
Satirical interpretation of what people shouldn’t do |
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Renaissance in Northern Europe
Pieter Bruegel the elder
Hunters in the Snow
Sophistication of the complexity of the composition ? |
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Term
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Definition
Emphasis Implied motion
Emphasis of light
Theatrical
Expansion of space |
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Term
| who funded baroque art in italy |
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Definition
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baroque italy
Caravaggio
Entombment
tenebrisim |
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Definition
baroque italy
Judith & Holofernes
Lady like
carvaggio |
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Definition
baroque italy
Artemisia Gentileschi
Judith Decapitating Holofernes 1620
Taught by her father
Judith is more determined |
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Definition
Bernini
baroqaue italy
Baldacchino
Alter right over the burial plot of saint peter |
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Definition
baroque italy
bernini
David
Movement, implied motion |
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Definition
baroque italy
bernini
Ecstasy of St. Teresa
Opera, drama, extravagant |
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Term
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Definition
Upper middle class, patronage Successful Business men
About religion, personal experience
Scale is individualized
Subject matters are everyday
Religious topics but for the people
Culture is art, hard working, not lavish |
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Definition
Dutch Baroque
rembrandt
self portrait |
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Term
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Definition
Dutch Baroque
rembrandt
Three Crosses
The first state is the first condition it was in, a proof
Fourth state, the image has been scratched away |
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Definition
Dutch Baroque
Syndics of the Drapers’ Guild
Group portraits, everyone paid |
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Definition
Dutch Baroque
Jan Vermeer
Young Woman Holding a Balance
Genre painting: A reminder of pious lives |
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Definition
Dutch Baroque
Judith Leyster Self Portrait
An advertisement of what she can do |
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Term
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Definition
Dutch Baroque
Still Life With Oysters, Rum Glass, & Silver Cup
Meaning: life is short |
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Definition
Dutch Baroque
Flower Still Life
Still life’s are typical Dutch baroque style
Painted them wilting to represent the beauty and material things are fleeting |
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Definition
Dutch Baroque
View of Harlem from the Dunes at Overveen
Subject: Nature |
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Definition
Late baroque in France
Palace of Versailles exterior
Sculptures, fountains, |
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Definition
late baroque
Hall of Mirrors, Versailles
Roman arcades, long and flat |
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Definition
Rococco
Happy Accidents of the Swing
What does the aristocracy do to entertain themselves?
Affairs, fun, not perfectly realistic, lavish |
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Definition
early modern
David
Oath of the Horatii
Painted as if in roman times
Painting images of patriots during revolution
Neoclassicism? |
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Definition
early modern
The Death of Marat
Marat, leader of resistance, made to look sympathetic |
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Definition
early modern
The Third of May
Romanticism
Based of the despot between Spain and France
Symbolic: crucifix |
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Term
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Definition
early modern
Saturn Devouring His Children
Reference to Greco-roman story, Saturn if the God of time |
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early modern
Gericault
Raft of the Medusa
Comment against slavery
Trying to make a difference with art, and did |
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Definition
early modern
the artist's studio |
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early modern
Home of a Rebel Sharpshooter
Highlighted the truth of what was going during the war |
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Term
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Definition
Before: Art was taught in the academy, how you painted and what you painted
Salon de refuse: alternative show, rebellion against the standard
Change, throwing out tradition
Specific style, went against ideal
Questioning of the truth, Art as an experience
Local and optical color, short and choppy brush strokes
The development of chemical pigments and the paint tube
Putting colors next to each other on the canvas versus the palette
Snapshot view of life, intimate and personal |
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Term
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Definition
| did not attempt to be an impressionist |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| involved in ballet scenes, influenced by japanese prints, more structured, pastels |
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impressionism
manet
Luncheon on the Grass
Conflict because of nudity and not the ideal |
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Definition
impressionism
monet
Impression Sunrise
Not a single truth for one person |
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Definition
impressionism
monet
rouen cathedral
highly textured |
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Definition
impressionism
monet
luncheon
art as an experience |
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Definition
impressionism
monet
water lilies |
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Definition
impressionism
renoir
snapshot view
luncheon of the boating party |
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impressionism
degas
linear
draws in the viewed as a participant |
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impressionism
degas
The Morning Bath (pastels)
Color used right next to each other that wouldn’t muddy |
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Definition
impressionism
in the dinging room |
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Definition
impressionism
cassatt
american |
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Definition
impressionism
cassatt
american |
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Definition
EXPRESSIONISM
Seurat
Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte
Used contrasting colors in dots to make it bright, very meticulous
Interested in the psychological use of color |
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Term
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Definition
EXPRESSIONISM
Cezanne
Boy in a Red Vest
Looking for the underlying structure for painting as impressionism had no structure
Not an imitation of nature
No illusion of space or perspective |
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Definition
EXPRESSIONISM
cezanne
Still Life with Basket of Apples
Intellectualizing the view, how do we look at things? |
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Definition
cezanne
Mont Sainte-Victoire
Series that became more abstracted |
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Definition
EXPRESSIONISM
van gough
Clashing contrasting colors
Where he died |
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Definition
EXPRESSIONISM
Van gogh
The Starry Night
Not reflective of nature, no harmony |
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Definition
EXPRESSIONISM
van gogh
sunflowers |
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Definition
EXPRESSIONISM
gauguin
The Vision After the Sermon
Art doesn’t have to represent the physical world |
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Definition
EXPRESSIONISM
gauguin
Day of the God
Starts abstract |
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Term
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Definition
EXPRESSIONISM
At the Moulin Rouge
Abstracted color
Unbelievable illusionary space
Fin de siècle idea in Europe |
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Definition
| Abstracting the detail of the paintings so we focus on emotion: the desperation and cry |
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Definition
| expressionism,his life is in his work, moves from impression to more blocky strokes, thick painting, sold only one work in his life, contrasting colors, institutionalized himself |
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Definition
| hated his life and the world around him, thought it was too decadent. Wanted a more primitive life |
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Definition
| Inappropriate color, flattened image |
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Definition
matisse
Matisse’s favorite color was red
Influences of non-western art |
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Definition
fauvism
matisse
Influenced by Persian rugs |
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