Home > Flashcards > Sociology > Intro To Sociology Quiz #1

Details Title: Intro To Sociology Quiz #1 Description: flashcards for quiz #1 Total Flash Cards: 41 Created: 09/27/2006 09:47:16	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term the sociological perspective Definition stresses the social contexts in which people live and how it influences their lives... Functionalist Conflict Symbolic Interactionist Term society Definition a group of people who share a culture and a territory Term social location Definition corners in life that people occupy because of where they are located in society Term Functionalist Definition interested in how society functions thinks of society as a human body and how everything works together (Macro-study) Term Conflict Theorist Definition inequality of any kind is a problem. people are in competition for scarce resources (Macro-study) Term Symbolic Interactionist Definition interested in social norms. society is nothing more than the sum of interactions (Micro-study) Term positivism Definition idea of applying scientific method to the social world. proposed by Auguste Comte Term Auguste Comte Definition proposed positivism. also asked "What creates social order instead of chaos?" Term Herbert Spencer Definition believed that societies evolved from lower (barbaric) to higher (civilized) forms 'Survival of the Fittest' Term Karl Marx Definition believed engine of human history is class conflict between bourgeoisie and the proletariat classes Term Emile Durkheim Definition goal was to get sociology recognized as a separate discipline. believed in social integration Term social integration Definition the degree to which people are tied to their social group Term Max Weber Definition believed/theorized that religion is central force in social change Term rapport Definition a feeling of trust that is essential for honest answers in interviews. Term random sample Definition a sample in which everyone in the target population has the same chance of being included in the study Term reliability Definition the extent to which research produces reliable (consistent or dependable) results Term cultural lag Definition Ogburn's term for human behavior lagging behind technological innovations. Belief that a group's material culture usually changes first, with the nonmaterial cuture lagging behind Term cultural leveling Definition the process by which cultures become similar to one another; especially the process by which U.S. culture is being exported and diffused into other nations Term technology Definition tools and the skills or procedures necessary to make and use those tools Term cultural diffusion Definition groups of people learning from others and adapting some part of the other's way of life. Term pluralistic society Definition a society that is made up of many different groups Term value contradiction Definition values that contradict one another; to follow the one means to come into conflict with the other Term subculture Definition the values and related behaviors of a group that distinguish its members from the larger culture; a world within a world Term counterculture Definition a group whose values, beliefs, and related behaviors place its members in opposition to the broader culture Term culture shock Definition the disorientation that people experience when they come in contact with a fundamentally different culture and can no longer depend on their taken-for-granted assumptions about life Term cultural relativism Definition not judging a culture, but trying to understand it on its own terms Term sanction Definition expressions of approval or disapproval given to people for upholding or violating norms Term folkways Definition norms that are not strictly enforced Term mores Definition norms that are strictly enforced because they are thought to be essential to core values or the well-being of the group Term taboo Definition a norm so strong that it often brings revulsion if violated Term Sapir-Whorf hypothesis Definition Edward Sapir's and Benjamin Whorf's hypothesis that language creates ways of thinking and perceiving. Against common sense that objects force themselves on our conciousness, but that language does. Term ethnocentrism Definition a tendency to use our own group's ways of doing things as the yardstick for judging others Term material culture Definition the material objects that distinguish a group of people, such as their art, buildings, weapons, utensils, machines, hairstyles, clothing, and jewelry Term nonmaterial culture Definition also called symbolic culture a group's ways of thinking (including its beliefs, values, and other assumptions about the world) and doing (its common patterns of behavior, including language and other forms of interaction) Term total institution Definition a place in which people are cut off from the rest of society and are almost totally controlled by the officials who run the place Term agents of socialization Definition people or groups that affect our self-concept, attitudes, behaviors, or other orientations toward life Term life course Definition the stages of our life as we move from birth to death Term resocialization Definition the process of learning new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors Term Piaget and the Development of Reasoning Definition 1. The sensorimotor stage 2. the preoperational stage 3. the concrete operational stage 4. the formal operational stage Term ideal culture Definition refers to values, norms, and goals that a group considers ideal, worth aspiring to Term real culture Definition norms and values that people actually follow