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Details Title: Intro to Philosophy Description: Final Exam Total Flash Cards: 16 Created: 04/30/2007 11:32:43	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term Naturalism Definition (Materialism) Physical matter is the only reality Pre-Socratics & Aristotle Term Aristotle Definition Naturalist 4 cause: material cause formal cause efficient cause final cause Term Rationalism Definition reason as a source of knowledge Socrates Plato Descartes Term Socrates Definition Rationalist before anyone can understand the world, they need to understand themselves through rational thought reality is unavailable to those who use their senses Term Plato Definition Rationalist justification is by reason; World of Forms Forms are eternal, necessary, and unchanging Term Descartes Definition Rationalist cogito ergo sum I think therefore I am can't rely on senses (wax example) humans can doubt all existence, but not the thinking consciousness. Term Empiricism Definition theory of knowledge emphasizing role of experience as information of ideas; discounting notion of innate ideas Locke & Hume Term Locke Definition Empiricist tabula rasa "clean slate" Term Hume Definition Empiricist all we know are perceptions Term Existentialism Definition Individual human beings have full responsibility for creating the meanings of their own lives. Kierkegaard & Nietzche Term Kierkegaard Definition Father of Existentialism Existence PRECEDES essence: man defines his reality people make decisions based on what has meaning to them, rather than what is rational. Term Kant Definition bridged empiricism & rationalism Due to limitations of reason, no one can ever know (or not know) there is (or isn't) a God/afterlife. understanding of external world through BOTH experience & a priori. Term Stoicism Definition self-control and detachment from distracting emotions (pleasure or pain) allows one to become a clear, level-headed, unbiased thinker. *Improving individual's spiritual well-being Through virtue & reason, one can overcome discord of outside world Augustine Term Augustine Definition everything in universe is created my God simultaneously Faith OVER Reason Term Anselm Definition Father of Scholastism & realist God's existence: that then which nothing is greater can be conceived *Faith seeking understanding Term Plotinus Definition Father of Neoplatonism There is a supreme "One" that emanates through everything... beyond all categories of being and non-being nous=soul Union w/ God= mystical ecstasy