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| movement within neuroscience and psychoanalysis to combine the insights of both to yield a unified understanding of mind and brain |
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| behavioral disorder caused by elevated levels of the amino acid phenylalanine in the blood and resulting from a defect in the gene for the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase; severe mental retardation |
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| neurosurgery in which electrodes implanted in the brain stimulate a targeted area with a low-voltage electrical current to facilitate behavior |
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| inability to stop the tongue from moving; neuroleptic drugs |
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| treatment that applies to learning principles such as conditioning to eliminate unwanted behaviors |
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| psychotherapy based on the perspective that thoughts intervene between events and emotions, and thus the treatment of emotional disorders requires changing maladaptive patterns of thinking |
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| talking therapy derived from freudian psychoanalysis and other psychological interventions |
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| behavior-modification technique where, to change their behavior, individuals learn to control their own patterns of brain activation |
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| magnetic resonance spectroscopy |
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Definition
| modification of MRI to identify changes in specific markers or neuronal function; promising for accurate diagnosis of traumatic brain injuries |
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| lack of blood to the brain as a result of a stroke |
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| neural shock that follows brain damage in which areas connected to the site of damage show a temporary arrest of function |
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| drug used to try to block the cascade of poststroke neural events |
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| identified with a specific cause, such as infection, trauma, tumor, vascular malformation, toxic chemicals, very high fever, etc |
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| appears spontaneously and in the abscence of other diseases of the CNS |
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| begins at a focus then spreads to adjacent areas |
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| unconcious, repetitive, stereotyped movement characteristic of a seizure |
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| rigid or froze pose resulting from a psychomotor disturbance |
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| seizure characterized by loss of conciousness and stereotyped motor activity |
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| postseizure state of confusion and reduced affect |
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| seizure of brief duration, characterized by loss of awareness with no motor activity except for blinking, turning the head, and rolling the eyes |
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| acquired and persistent syndrome of intellectual impairment characterized by memory and other cognitive deficits and impairment in social and occupational functioning |
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| small, involuntary movements or change in posture; motor restlessness |
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| tendency to engage in a behavior such as walking at faster and faster speeds |
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| circular fibrous structure found in several neurodegenerative disorders; forms within the cytoplasm of neurons and is thought to result from abnormal neurofilament metabolism |
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| disoder characterized predominantly by positive symptoms due to dopaminergic dysfunction and associated with acute onset, good prognosis and favorable response to neuroleptics |
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| disorder characterized by negative sympotoms; poor prognosis, chronic affliction, poor response to neuroleptics, cognitive impairments, enlarged ventricles, and cortical atrophy |
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| mood disorder characterized by alternating periods of depression and mania |
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| hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal circuit that controls the production and release of hormones related to stress |
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| cognitive behavioral therapy |
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Definition
| problem-focused, action-oriented, structured, treatment for eliminating dysfunctional thoughts and maladaptive behaviors |
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| neurocognitive enhancement |
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Definition
| brain function enhancement by pharmacological, physiological, or surgical manipulation |
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