ISO

Goal is to establish int'l technological standards to facilitate global exchange of information and barrier free trade.

ITU

ANSI

organization that determine standards for the electronics industry and other fields, such as chemical and nuclear engineering, health, safety and construction

TIA/EIA

Two related standard organizations, best known for guidelines for how network cable should in installed.

IEEE

Int'l society composed of engineering professionals, goals to promote development and education in EE and computer science

ISOC

professional membership society that helps to establish technical standards for the  internet, oversee the IAB

flow control

process of gauging the appropriate rate of tranmission based on how fast recipient can accept data

standards

documented agreements containing technical specifications - minimum acceptable performance

application layer

separates data into PDU

Presentation layer

Serves as a translator

Presentation layer

Mangages data encryption

Session layer

establishes, maintains and terminates communication

connection oriented

Transport protocols that take steps to ensure that data arrives exactly as it was sent

Transport Layer

Handles flow control

Transport layer

TCP

Transport layer

responds with synchronization acknowledgement

Segements

Transport layer breaks large data units received from Session layer into multiple smaller units called.

MTU - Max transmission unit

The largest data unit  a network will carry

Reassembly

process of reconstructing the segmented data units

Sequencing

Method of identifying segments that belong to the same group of subdivided data, indicates where unit of data begins and order issued.

Network layer

translates network addresses into their physical counterparts and decide how to route data from sender to receiver

Network layer

IP

Routing

process of determining the best path

Routers

devices that connect network segments and direct data

fragmentation

network layer protocol subdivides the segments it received from the transport layer into small packets

Frame

a structured package for moving data that includes the raw data and sender' & receivers network address, error checking and control information

Data link layer

divide data received from network layer into distinct frames that can be transmitted by physical layer

data link layer

performs error checking

physical layer

accepts frams and generate signals as changes in voltage at the NIC

hubs and repeaters

Determines how many copies of single application are currently in use on the network and ensure that number does not exceed the number of liceneses purchased.