Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Intro to Media Arts
Pre Mid-term notecards
211
Other
Not Applicable
10/31/2005

Additional Other Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Thomas Edison created what hand cranked recording device in 1877?
Definition
The Phonograph
Term
The phonograph needle etched into what to record sound?
Definition
An Aluminum foil cylinder
Term
Thomas Edison started which record company still in existance today?
Definition
Columbia Records
Term
Who in 1887 improved on Edison's phonograph by creating the 78-rpm disc format for recording?
Definition
Emile Beliner
Term
Although considered the grandfather of wireless communication, Nikola Tesla's work was never fully realized. Why?
Definition
In 1895, his work was destroyed in a fire.
Term
Guglielmo Marconi died a rich man, even though the use of his invention was very limited. What was his invention?
Definition
Wireless radio, limited to maritime use due to lack of amplification of the signal.
Term
In 1920,what was the first commercial radio station's tag letters? And where were they located?
Definition
KDKA in Pittsburgh, PA
Term
In 1920, Bell Labs created what device that would replace the standard cone in the recording industry?
Definition
The condener microphone.
Term
The 33 1/3 LP disc failed at first in 1931, but was reintroduced in 1948. Who introduced it first, why did it fail, and who re-introduced it?
Definition
RCA, the depression, Columbia. Remains standard in recording for next 40 years.
Term
In 1935, the first Hi-Fi recorder was developed in Germany. What was it called?
Definition
Magnetophone
Term
After finding pieces of of magnetophone in Germany while at War, this man presented the magnetophone to US industry executives in 1946.
Definition
John Mullins
Term
Who became the first commercial user of magnetic tape and when?
Definition
Bing Crosby in 1947.
Term
What company did Bing Crosby invest in to produce the Magnetic Tape technology?
Definition
Ampex
Term
Who developed the first multi-track recorder in his NJ basement?
Definition
Les Paul
Term
In 1957, Ampex releases what device that changed how recording was done?
Definition
The multi-track recorder
Term
What is a Camera Obscura?
Definition
A device used since 300 B.C. to project and image onto a wall or canvas to create accurate paintings.
Term
In 1826, who invented the first photograph using chemicals and what was it called?
Definition
Joseph Niepce, heliograph
Term
The heliograph was not an effective way to take pictures. Why?
Definition
Because the chemicals took 8 hours to develop.
Term
Who did Niepce partner with to advance the technology of picture taking?
Definition
Louise Daguerre
Term
In what year was the Daguerro type introduced?
Definition
1839
Term
Who brought photography to the public and how?
Definition
George Eastman developed the box camera.
Term
How do you get pictures out of the box camera, and what company made them?
Definition
Kodak preloaded each camera with 100 shots and when they recived the box cam from the consumer, they would develop the film and reload the camera with 100 more shots.
Term
What year did Gearge Eastman present the box camera to the public?
Definition
1888
Term
What is the signifigance of Eadweard Muybridge?
Definition
Grandfather of motion pictures. Set up 18 cameras around a horse thack to see if all of the horses hooves left the ground at any given point.
Term
In 1889, Thomas Edison invented what device to shoot video?
Definition
Kinetograph
Term
With the Kinetogrph, Edison opens the first production studio. Where did he start it, and what was it called?
Definition
Black Mariah, in Menlow, NJ
Term
August and Louie Lumiere invented what device to compete with Edison?
Definition
The cinematograph.
Term
What was the major difference between the kinetograph and cinematograph?
Definition
The cinematograph captured and projected images. The kinetograph only captured.
Term
What was the name of the first sci-fi film and when was it released?
Definition
A Trip to the Moon, in 1903
Term
In 1902, someone worked with Edison to make the first film narrative. Who was it and what was it called?
Definition
Edwin Porter, "Life of the American Fireman"
Term
For "The Great Train Robbery", Edwin Porter built a unique set to shoot certain scenes. What did he do?
Definition
He built sets where a window was actually a screen that he could prject images onto from behind. Method called rear projection.
Term
Who was considered the greatest film director for the first 25 years of film?
Definition
D.W. Griffith
Term
What did D.W. Griffith do that was so great?
Definition
He increased the story telling abilities of film.
Term
In 1915 D.W. Griffith released what film that took cameras into recreated battlefields to shoot?
Definition
Birth of a Nation
Term
What device allowed sound to be synched with movies, and who was it developed by?
Definition
Vitaphone was developed by Bell Labs.
Term
Using a Vitaphone, what was the first "talkie" ever made?
Definition
The Jazz Singer in 1927 starring Al Johlson
Term
What was the name of the first true color system that aloowed movies to be released in color?
Definition
Technicolor
Term
In 1932, Disney released the first film using color, what was it called?
Definition
Flowers and Trees
Term
What, according to the American Film Institute, is considered the greatest film of all time?
Definition
Citizen Kane
Term
Who wrote, directed and starred in Citizen Kane?
Definition
Orson Welles
Term
the Abacus was developed in what year?
Definition
Somewhere between 1000 and 500 B.C.
Term
This man created a system that controlled weaving looms that used punch cards. He then gets the shit beat out of him for taking peoples jobs with technology.
Definition
Joseph Marie-Jacquard (punch card, gets punched, Jacquard)
Term
Charles Baggage developed what 2 devices used to do simple math? and when did he do it?
Definition
Difference Engine and Ananlytical Engine in the 1820's.
Term
Who, in what year, invented a ounch card system the government use to take a census?
Definition
Herman Hollerith in 1890
Term
6 years after inventing the punch card system for the census, Hollerith started what company?
Definition
TMC, the Tabulating Machine Company
Term
TMC becomes what major company still around today and in what year?
Definition
TMC becomes IBM in 1924
Term
What is the Differential Analyzer?
Definition
Used to calculate ballisttic tables. Used for warfare.
Term
When was the D.A. built and by whom?
Definition
Vanneuver Bush in 1930
Term
IBM created the first digital computer. What was it called, and how long did it take them to get it to work?
Definition
The Harvard "Mark 1" took 5 years to complete.
Term
EDSAC was the first computer that did what?
Definition
Stored programs.
Term
EDSAC came about in what year?
Definition
1949
Term
What became the first commercially available computer and when?
Definition
UNIVAC 1 in 1951
Term
How many UNIVAC 1's sold and at what price?
Definition
46 total at $1 million
Term
What device led to the miniturization of electronic devices and which year were they created?
Definition
The transistor was created in 1947.
Term
Who created the first microprocessor and when?
Definition
Intel in 1970. Intel 4004
Term
Who created the printing press and when?
Definition
Johannes Gutenburg in the 15th century.
Term
What did the printing press do and what era is it said to have begun?
Definition
The printing press allowed for the rapid exchange of ideas by printing multiple copies of leaflets and books. It's thought to have pushed us into the Renaissance.
Term
In the 1860's, Sir William Crockes invented what device still used today?
Definition
The cathode ray tube..
Term
What year was the vacuum tube invented?
Definition
1906
Term
What did both the cathode ray tube and vacuum tube do?
Definition
both tubes amplify weak signals allowing for broadcastnig and receiving to be possible.
Term
The first mechanical TV was created by whom and where?
Definition
John Logie Baird in Britain.
Term
How did the first television work?
Definition
A large disk with holes in it was spun allowing light to pass though onto a pick up. The pick up converted the light into voltage. This voltage was sent to a receiver that created light impulses and sent them through holes of another disk.
Term
Who transmitted the first TV image and what was it of?
Definition
Philo Farnsworth in 1927 transmitted a simple line by shinning a light onto a pickup
Term
The first official TV broadcast was when and of what?
Definition
In 1939, NY World's Fair. It marked the beginning ofof regular broadcasts and availability of first recievers to the public.
Term
CBS pursued color broadcasting in what year, and why did they stop?
Definition
1950 they stopped because no recievers were capable of color.
Term
When did color television begin it's life?
Definition
On Dec. 23 1953, the FCC approved color TV standards set forth by NTSC.
Term
What was a VTR and why was it impracticle?
Definition
Video Tape Recorders were impracticle because they used 6 foot (diameter) tape and only help a couple minutes of blak and white footage. The tape traveled at 225 mph.
Term
"Quad" VTRs were developed in what year, how were they more practical?
Definition
In 1956, more practical because slowed the tape to 15 ips instead of 4000.
Term
What is an Audion tube?
Definition
Tube that allowed for the amplification of electrical signals.
Term
In 1913, what company buys the rights to the audion tube and how did they improve it?
Definition
Western Digital improved on it by pumping all the gas out of it. It now amplified to 130 times normal with no distortion.
Term
Where would you find footlights, border lights, and strip lights?
Definition
Foot lights are located across the front of the stage. Border lights are are a horizontal row of lights above the stage for general lighting. Strip lights are mountedin a trough reflector and place in the wings to light areas of interest.
Term
In what year was the first PC released and what was it called?
Definition
1975, Altair
Term
In 1976, this company released their first computer for about $640?
Definition
Apple, the Apple 1
Term
What differentiated the Apple II from its predecessor?
Definition
16 color graphics, a built in keyboard, and game controller
Term
In 1981, IBM created a computer specifically to run this program, which was the first "killer" application?
Definition
Visicalc
Term
Who made and in what year was the first IBM PC clone released?
Definition
in 1982, Compaq released the first PC clone.
Term
Define mainframe computer?
Definition
Computer that supports thousands of users, generally used by large businesses.
Term
What is a super computer?
Definition
A computer made to excel at one single application. IE Deep Blue, the first computer to beat Ivan Kasparov at chess.
Term
What is a mini-computer?
Definition
A smaller version of a mainframe, used by smaller businesses.
Term
What is a micro-computer?
Definition
A "dummy" terminal that is hard wired into a network. Doesn't allow saving.
Term
What is the difference between a PC and a workstation?
Definition
PC's are made for home use with the internet and gaming and more consumer level products. Workstations are designed to have more processing power than a PC and are used for business level computing or for editing and that ype of stuff. No internet preferrably becasue of viruses.
Term
What is known as the computer's toolbox?
Definition
The Operating System (OS)
Term
What is the name of the Open Source OS available for consumer purchase?
Definition
Linux
Term
What part is known as the "brains" of the computer?
Definition
The CPU, central processing unit. Clock speed measured in Hz.
Term
What is a Bus in a computer?
Definition
collection of wires the data travels on, clock speed for a bus measures how fast it communicates with a device.
Term
What is the primary function of a chipset?
Definition
Controls the motherboard functions.
Term
What is the difference between RAM and ROM?
Definition
ROM (Read Only Memory) is not volatile to power. It holds data even after the PC has been shut down. RAM (Random Access Memory) loses data when power is shut down.
Term
What are the 2 types of storage in computers?
Definition
Hard Disk, stack of disks that record information in sectors. Optical disk, CD/DVD Roms
Term
What are the 3 types of expansion cards for a computer?
Definition
ISA - Industry standard architechture, being phased out.
PCI - Peripheral Component Interconnect
AGP - Advanced Graphics Processor
Term
What is a bit?
Definition
one unit of info transmitted as a 1 or zero, 1 being on, 0 being off.
Term
What is a Byte?
Definition
A string of 8 bits.
Term
The computer only knows ones and zeros. What is the name of the language it understands?
Definition
Binary
Term
What is the system for translating characters into binary?
Definition
ASCII
Term
What is sound?
Definition
A disturbance in atmospheric pressure that our ears responde to.
Term
There are 2 areas of a sound wave, what are they?
Definition
Compression - molecules crammed into dense area, higher than normal pressure.
Rarefaction - the settling of molecules, lower than normal pressure.
Term
What is amplitude?
Definition
The height of a wave from rarefaction to compression. strength/loudness of the wave.
Term
How does the eardrum react to sound waves?
Definition
It's pushed in by compression and out by rarefaction.
Term
What is a medium for sound?
Definition
A medium is a material (or gas in the case of air) that sound waves travel through.
Term
what is the speed of sound in air?
Definition
1130 ft/sec at sea level
Term
What is frequency defined as and what unit is it measured in?
Definition
The number of wave cycles passing through a point ina given time. Measured in Hz (waves per sec)
Term
The shorter the wavelength of a sound wave, the _______ the pitch gets.
Definition
lower
Term
What is the frequency range that a human ear can hear?
Definition
20Hz - 20,000 Hz (20 kHz)
Term
What is the name of the device that measures frequency?
Definition
RTA or real time analyzer
Term
In decibels, what can the human ear perceive?
Definition
-1/4 dB to 140 dB
Term
What is the device used to measure the amplitude of a wave?
Definition
SPL Meter, sound pressure level meter.
Term
What does a 3 dB increase in sound result in?
Definition
Double the power
Term
A 10 dB increase in sound is equal to...
Definition
10 times the power.
Term
140 dB is how much more powerful than 90 dB?
Definition
100,000
Term
What is a logarithm?
Definition
A power to which a base number is raised. ex: log1000=3 is equal to 10 to the power of 3. 10 x 10 x 10
Term
What is OSHA?
Definition
An agency that controls sound levels in the work place.
Term
WHat are the 2 types of wave forms?
Definition
Simple - synthetic waves
Complex - naturally occuring wave
Term
What are the 4 forms of synthetic waves?
Definition
Sine, Triangle, Sawtooth, and square
Term
Define phase?
Definition
Timing difference between 2 copies of the same wave form.
Term
What is a node and how is it created?
Definition
An area where there is no sound. Created when 2 waves are exactly 180 degrees out of phase.
Term
What is an anti-node?
Definition
When 2 waves are in phase and the sound reinforces itself. Constructive interference.
Term
In regards to sound waves, what is transmission?
Definition
When energy of a sound wave strikes a barrier and sets it in motion
Term
What is a reverberation?
Definition
Multiple reflections of sound off of multiple boundaries. Or echo
Term
This form of hearing loss consists of a ringing or hissing in the ears when no external sound is present.
Definition
Tinnitus.
Term
Name the 3 parts of the atomic structure and their charges?
Definition
Proton-positive neutron-neutral electron-negative
Term
In 1841, who invented the Calotype Process and what did it do?
Definition
Invented by William Talbot, made multiple copies of pictures easy to make.
Term
Who created the Collodion Wet Plate process , in wht year, and what did it do?
Definition
Fredrick Archer in 1851, greatly reduced exposure time.
Term
Name the 2 types of magnets?
Definition
Natural (loadstone or magnetite) and artificial (caused by magnetizing a piece of metal)
Term
Define Flux.
Definition
the field around the particles that cause attraction and repulsion.
Term
What happens when the same pole of 2 magnets are pushed together?
Definition
They repel each other.
Term
When electrons are passed through a straight wire, now many poles does it have?
Definition
1
Term
Define electromagnet?
Definition
A magnet consisting of a coil of insulated wire wrapped around a soft iron corethat is magnetized only when current flows through it.
Term
What are the 2 forms of electricity and what do they mean?
Definition
AC - Alternating current, electrons moves back and forth instead of like DC-Direct Current, which pushes electrons in one direction.
Term
What device does AC power flow through that changes the voltage before it enters your home?
Definition
Transformer
Term
Most consumer electronic devices do what to the power?
Definition
Convert AC to DC
Term
Who supported AC? DC?
Definition
AC - Tesla, easier to produce and distribute. DC - Edison, would make hime more money because they would need a power station every square mile.
Term
What didi Edison do to prove that AC was dangerous?
Definition
He payed kids 25 cents to bring in stray cats and dog to electrocute and then electrocuted them in front of people.
Term
On a standard wall socket, what are the names of each of the 3 slots?
Definition
Big slot is neutral, Smaller slot is hot, "Mouth" slot is ground
Term
Define power and what unit is it measured in.
Definition
The rate at which work is done. Measured in Watts (P)
Term
Define Current and what is it measured in?
Definition
The flow of electrical charge. Measured in Amps (I)
Term
What is Electromotive force and what unit is it measured in?
Definition
It is electrical pressure. Measured in Volts
Term
Define resistance and what unit is it measured in?
Definition
A material's opposition to to the flow of electric current (DC). Measured in Ohm's.
Term
Define Impedance and what unit is it measured in?
Definition
The apparent resistance in an electrical circuit to the flow of AC power.
Term
What is the main purpose of a Resistor?
Definition
Slows the flow of electrons. Can be fixed or variable.
Term
What is a capacitor?
Definition
Used to store electrons. Consist of 2 plates (1 pos/1 neg), electrons gather in negatively charged plate and filter down to positively charged one.
Term
A transformer does what?
Definition
Steps AC voltage up or down, and converts AC to DC
Term
What is a transistor?
Definition
small electronic device containing a semi conductor and have at least 3 electrical contacts. used as an amplifier, detector, or switch.
Term
What does LED stand for?
Definition
Light-emitting Diode.
Term
What is the difference between a sound wave and a light wave?
Definition
Light needs no medium, and travles much faster.
Term
what is the speed at which light travels?
Definition
186,000 miles per second
Term
What are radio waves used for?
Definition
Transmitting sounds, pictures, or data
Term
What are microwaves used for?
Definition
Used in pagers, cell phones, and microwave ovens.
Term
What do infrared waves allow us to do?
Definition
It's thermal radiation, allows us to see the heat.
Term
What is the visible spectrum?
Definition
The light frequencies that our eyes percieve as colors.
Term
What color is the lowest visible frequency and what is it's wavelength? Highest?
Definition
Red, 780nm
Violet, 380nm
Term
What is Roy G. Biv?
Definition
Colors of visible spectrum listed in order from lowest freq to highest. Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Indigo Violet
Term
Define hue and saturation?
Definition
Hue is the dominant wavelength perceived (color), Saturation is the amount of light concentrated at a particular wavelength (brightness)
Term
What are Ultra-violet rays?
Definition
These rays can be harmful to your skin. UVC is mostly absorbed by o-zone layer, UVB can cause suntanning and burning, UVA causes skin damage, not filtered by glass like UVB
Term
What is an X-ray?
Definition
Very short intense waves, can move around molecules, like bone.
Term
What is a gamma ray?
Definition
A sweet power metal band. Also rays generated by radioactive atoms, and exploding stars in space
Term
What are frequency and Amplitude in the spectrum?
Definition
Freq - Color, Amplitude - Brightness.
Term
What is a Lumen?
Definition
Th unit of luminous flux equal to the amount of light passing through a solid angle by a source of one candela intensity radiating equally in all directions
Term
What is the unit of measurement used by america to measure light on an obect?
Definition
Foot candle.
Term
Additive color theory uses what three colors as it's bases?
Definition
Red Green and Blue
Term
hat arethe 3 colors used ny subtractive color theory?
Definition
cyan yello and magenta
Term
When mixed together, additive colors make what color? sutractive?
Definition
additive colors - white
subtractive - black
Term
How can you remember which colors are in which (hint: it's a chart)
Definition
C: Rx G B
M: R Gx B
Y: R G Bx
X's mean color isnt there.
Term
What are the 2 standards for video and where is each used?
Definition
NTSC (National Television Standards Commitee) used in North America and Japan. PAL - Phase alternating line, used in Western Europe. SeCAM - used in France and Eatern Europe.
Term
What is the process of interlacing?
Definition
Every odd numbered line is dranw first, then the even numbered lines are drawn. Each half of a frame is called a field.
Term
In interlacing, how long does it take to get a whole new frame?
Definition
1/30 second
Term
The NTSC standard for power is ____ which runs at ____ fps.
Definition
60Hz, 30 fps
Term
NTSC standard tvs have ____lines total, but only _____ visible?
Definition
525 total, 480 visible
Term
PAL and SECAM standards run at _____ Hz power and ___ fps.
Definition
50 Hz, 25 Fps
Term
Slightly better than the NTSC standards, Pal and SECAM have _____ total lines and ____ visible lines.
Definition
625 total, and 580 visible.
Term
Name the four components of a TV signal.
Definition
Luminace/brightness, Chrominance/color info, Timing and blanking signals, and Audio (2-channel).
Term
What is the main device within a camera body that is used capture images?
Definition
A CCD chip
Term
What are the 3 layers of the CCD chip's functions?
Definition
Layer 1 is photosensitive, where the picture is exposed. Layer 2 is where the energy is stored, while Layer 3 amplifies it to a recordable signal.
Term
What is the NTSC standard TV called?
Definition
SDTV, standard depth tv.
Term
What is HDTV and how does it differ from SDTV?
Definition
High Definiton TeleVision, uses more pixels than SDTV
Term
What does a VGA port allow you to do?
Definition
Allows you to hook a computer up to your TV
Term
What is progressive scan?
Definition
Scans down lines in order, not odds and evens. no flicker or pause between frames
Term
What are the 3 HD standard resolutions?
Definition
720p, 1080i, 1080p. Nothing broadcast in 1080p yet.
Term
What is the max res on a DVD?
Definition
480 lines.
Term
In film, an analog recording has ____ lines and a digital recording has ____ lines.
Definition
12,000 lines analog, 3-4000 lines digital.
Term
How many more pixels for the image does HD have than SD?
Definition
almost 10 times as much.
Term
What is the academy standard aspect ratio for film?
Definition
1.85:1
Term
What is the special aspect ratio given to productions with a higher budget?
Definition
American Widescreen 2.35:1
Term
Define Pan and Scan.
Definition
GROSS!! Process used to convert films to video aspect ratios.
Term
How does a Plasma display work?
Definition
Its a phosphor display, each pixel is broken into subpixels (R,G, and B) which are gas filled cavities. Each subpixel has an address for electrons to be dumped into, charging the gas.
Term
What are the major disadvantages to Plasma displays?
Definition
Use a lot of power, Gas burns out and can not be recharged, and is very sensitive so you shouldn't move it once you get it mounted.
Term
What does LCD stand for?
Definition
Liquid Crystal Display
Term
How does an LCD display work?
Definition
Liquid crystal is sandwiched between 2 panes of glass, and becomes opaque when current passes through it. The contrast between opaque and transparent areas form visible characters.
Term
What are the disadvantages to using an LCD display?
Definition
It has problems with fast motion, and needs to be looked at from a perfect angle to see the proper picture.
Term
What is a DLP display and how does it work?
Definition
Digital Light processing work on one (or 3 if its the really nice ones) DMD. Light shone through a color wheel and onto mirrors on DMD which projects onto the screen.
Term
What is a DMD?
Definition
Digital Micromirror Device, used in DLP tv's. Made up of 1.3 million microscopic mirrors that reflect color onto the screen.
Term
What are the disadvantages of DLP?
Definition
There are lots of moving parts, and the projection lamp has a short lifespan.
Term
What does HDMI stand for and what is it used for?
Definition
High Definition Multimedia Interface. Sends all data (HD video and surround audio) on one cable.
Term
Name the 6 major parts of a song structure.
Definition
Intro, verse, chorus, bridge, solo, outro
Term
What is "demo" short for and how are they expected to sound?
Definition
Demonstraion Recording, used to "sell" band to studios, It's expected to sound cd quality.
Term
What is a 3 act paradigm?
Definition
A model used for storyline.
Term
What are the 3 parts to act 1 and what are their functions?
Definition
Hook-grabs attention. Exposition-tells who what, where and when, setting. Plot Point 1-major event that moves us into act 2.
Term
What occurs in Act 2 generally?
Definition
Complication, and a Climax.
Term
What is Act 3?
Definition
The Resolution.
Term
Define protagonist.
Definition
A character that undergoes a change throughout the story.
Term
Define antagonist.
Definition
person who causes change in the protagonist.
Term
What is a Storyboard?
Definition
Main images of a film or multi-media set up shot by shot in comic book fashion.
Term
What is an animatic?
Definition
A "moving story board". Can be models, or just animated.
Term
What four things do storyboards help us determine?
Definition
Camera angles, lighting, what to build, special effects.
Term
What is a flowchart?
Definition
Maps the pathways a user can take in an interactive experience.
Term
What was Phil Spector's "Wall of Sound"?
Definition
He liked to bring in extra instruments to thicken up the track, most of the time it was the same intruments playing the same things as the musicians.
Term
Why was Rock and roll such a hit in the 60's?
Definition
Because it was the first generation when teenagers had jobs and had disposable income. Rock appealed more to them than the Sinatra type stuff that waspopular back then.
Term
Phil SPector put out a single with Ike and Tina Turner that flops and disappears for 3 years after that. Why does he return?
Definition
At the request of John Lennon. Wanted him to mix the Beatles "Let it Be" album.
Term
The Beatles "invaded" the US in what year?
Definition
1964
Term
Who was the brains behind the Beach Boys?
Definition
Brian Wilson
Term
Who puts out the first compact disc and when?
Definition
Sony/Philips in 1982
Term
In what year did SACD debut, and whats it stand for?
Definition
Super Audio CD in 1999
Term
Also released in 1999 was what format of audio disc?
Definition
DVD-A, plays on DVD players, but need a DVD-A player to realize full potential of sound.
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