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Intro to Computing
Basic computer terms for those ignorant of workings behind the very computers we are currently using
155
Other
Undergraduate 1
04/18/2011

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Cards

Term
[image]
Definition
the key used to change (alternate) the function of other pressed keys. Thus, the Alt key is a modifier key, used in a similar fashion to the Shift key.
Term
[image]
Definition
a modifier key which, when pressed in conjunction with another key, will perform a special operation; similar to the Shift key, the Control key rarely performs any function when pressed by itself.
Term
[image]
Definition
a key used to erase the character just to the right of the cursor. Any text beyond the erased character is moved to the left.
Term
[image]
Definition
a navigation key that will send the cursor to the end of the current line.
Term
[image]
Definition
a navigation key for the cursor that will move the cursor to the beginning of the current line.
Term
[image]
Definition
repeatedly pressing this key will alternate between two effects:
1.  typing overtypes characters already there
2.  typing inserts characters in between other characters
Term
[image]
Definition
a navigation key which will drop the displayed area down the page one screen's worth. It doesn't necessarily move a whole literal page at a time. That would depend on the height of a page.
Term
[image]
Definition
a navigation key which will move the cursor up the displayed area one screen's worth. It does not usually move a literal page at a time. That would depend on the height of a page.
Term
[image]
Definition
a key used to halt actions in progress, often so that messages on the screen can be read before they scroll off the screen.
Term

[image]

 

Definition
keys on a computer or terminal keyboard which can be programmed so as to cause an operating system command interpreter or application program to perform certain actions.
Term

[image]

(Numeric keypad)

Definition

When the Num Lock key is on, these keys are used to enter numbers as with an adding machine.

When the Num Lock key is off, the keys act as navigation keys using the alternate markings on each key.

Term
Within databases, files are comprised of groups of _______ which contain multiple ______ that store different types of information about a subject.
Definition
records, fields
Term
A _-_ line generally represents the fastest method of Internet access, with a transmission rate of 44.736 megabits per second.
Definition
T-3
Term
A ________ file contains the digitized version of actual sound.___________  files contain instructions on how to create a sound. ____ is an example of a nonwaveform file.
Definition
waveform, nonwaveform, MIDI
Term
_______ protect new ideas by giving inventors a monopoly on an invention for a certain period of time.
Definition
patents
Term
________ convert high-level language software programs into machine language for later execution. ___________ convert high-level language programs into machine language for immediate execution.
Definition

compilers, interpreters

[image]

In general, an advantage of using an interpreter over a compiler is that programs are easier to develop. The interpreter requires only one step before the program can be executed. On the otherhand, programs under a compiler run faster, so neither is really superior to the other.

Term
_________ is the name given to data before any encryption has been performed. Once the data has been encrypted, it is known as __________. _____ are used to create encoded text and unlock encrypted messages.
Definition
plaintext, ciphertext, keys
Term
_________ represent units of programming code that perform specific procedures. Sequential, looping, and conditional are all types of _______ __________.
Definition
functions, control mechanisms
Term
  ________-_____ ________ ______ is the scientific application of a set of tools and methods to a software system which is meant to result in high-quality, defect-free, and maintainable software products. It also refers to methods for the development of information systems together with automated tools that can be used in the software development process.
Definition
Computer-aided software engineering (CASE)
Term
A DIMM, or dual in-line memory module, comprises a series of _________ _______ ______ ______ integrated circuits. These modules are mounted on a printed circuit board and designed for use in personal computers, workstations and servers. The main difference between SIMMs and DIMMs is that DIMMs have separate __________ ________ on each side of the module, while the contacts on SIMMs on both sides are redundant.
Definition

dynamic random access memory, electrical contacts

[image]

Term
A PBX (_______ ______ ________) is a type of local network that connects telephone extensions rather than computer hardware.
Definition
private branch exchange
Term
A SIMM, or single in-line memory module, is a type of memory module containing ______ ______ ______ used in computers from the early 1980s to the late 1990s.
Definition

random access memory

[image]

Term
A ___ _____ is used by the central processing unit of a computer to reduce the average time to access memory. It is a smaller, faster memory which stores copies of the data from the most frequently used main memory locations.
Definition

CPU cache

[image]

Term
A ___ _____ of a digital discrete signal (such as image or sound) is a set of bits having the same position in the respective binary numbers.
Definition
bit plane
Term
A ___ __________ _________ is responsible for creating and maintaining Internet sites. A ________ ________ generally works with hardware, keeping systems operational.
Definition
web application developer, computer operator
Term
A ___ is a single frame in an animation.
Definition

cel

[image]

Term
A ___-_____ ______ (TLD) is one of the domains at the highest level in the hierarchical Domain Name System of the Internet.
Definition
top-level domain
Term
A ____ ____ is a method through which individuals can enter a computer system by bypassing normal security protocols.
Definition
trap door
Term
A ____ __________ utility serves to change files from Macintosh to IBM-compatible formats.
Definition
file conversion
Term
A ____ is a connection point in a network, either a redistribution point or a communication endpoint (some terminal equipment).
Definition

node

[image]

Term
A _____ __ ____ (POS) terminal manages the selling process by a salesperson-accessible interface. The same system allows the creation and printing of the receipt. The system can update inventory while calculating the sale.
Definition

Point of Sale

[image]

Term
A _____ ____ contains instructions for a malicious action to be executed based on specific conditions or the occurrence of a triggering event.
Definition
logic bomb
Term
A _____ helps to increase productivity by combining several command keystrokes into one or two keystrokes. A _________ is a set of instructions for performing a particular task.
Definition
macro, procedure
Term
A _____ virus is a virus that is written in a _____ language: that is to say, a language built into a software application such as a word processor.
Definition
macro, macro
Term
A ______ is a region of memory used to temporarily hold data while it is being moved from one place to another.
Definition
buffer
Term
A _______ ____ is a data code that is used in performing error correction.
Definition

Hamming code

 

This code can detect up to two simultaneous bit errors, and correct single-bit errors; thus, reliable communication is possible when the Hamming distance between the transmitted and received bit patterns is less than or equal to one.

Term
A ________ ________ is an electronic or electromechanical hardware device that is used for entering data into, and displaying data from, a computer or a computing system.
Definition

computer terminal

[image]

Term
A ________ is a set of one or more fonts, in one or more sizes, designed with stylistic unity, each comprising a coordinated set of letters, numbers, and punctiation marks.
Definition

typeface

[image]

Term
A ________ is a special record that marks the end of a sequential file.
Definition
sentinel
Term
A _________ is an Internet bulletin board through which individuals can use an Internet browser to post and read messages discussing various topics. A ________ is an Internet mailing list that sends e-mails directly to users.
Definition
newsgroup, listserv
Term
A ___________ is the near-minimum amount of software that can provide the mechanisms needed to implement an operating system (OS).
Definition
microkernel
Term
A computer hard disk stores information in units known as _______, each of which is made up of an _______ and a data _____ with a certain number of __________.
Definition

sectors, address, block, characters

[image]

Term
A hacker who breaks or circumvents security is called a _______.
Definition
cracker
Term
An Internet chat session is known as a _______.
Definition
channel
Term
An _____ ______ a computer program used to manage a user's email.
Definition
email client
Term
An ______ is a small program that is embedded in a Web page and interpreted and executed by a Web browser.
Definition
applet
Term
An ______ of a program is a feature linked to many other parts of the program, but which is not related to the program's primary function.
Definition
aspect
Term
An applet that is executed by a Web browser is also known as an _______ _______.
Definition
ActiveX control
Term
An input statement written in C++ includes an __________ operator, denoted by the symbols >>. _________ operators, denoted by the symbols <<, are included in output statements written in C++.
Definition
extraction, insertion
Term
An organization that provides users with access to the Internet is known as an ___. ___/__ represents a protocol for transmitting data over the Internet.
Definition
ISP, TCP/IP
Term
Another name for imperative programming languages is __________ languages.
Definition
procedural
Term

BIOS

[image]

Definition
the built-in software that determines what a computer can do without accessing programs from a disk. On PCs, the BIOS contains all the code required to control the keyboard, display screen, disk drives, serial communications, and a number of miscellaneous functions.
Term
DOS (____ _________ ______) is an acronym for several closely related operating systems that dominated the IBM PC compatible market between 1981 and 1995.
Definition

Disk Operating System

[image]

Term
Dumb terminal
Definition

a terminal with no ability to process or store data.

[image]

Term
FTP sites that maintain public archives are known as Anonymous FTP sites. They can usually be accessed by entering the word "_________" at the user ID prompt. A user's _-____ _______ is then entered at the password prompt.
Definition
anonymous, e-mail address
Term
Federal judge Richard ______ advanced the argument that negative personal information should be in the public domain.
Definition
Posner
Term
Grace Murray ______ led an effort that laid the foundation for the development of COBOL in 1959. John ______ and Thomas _____ helped to develop BASIC in 1964.
Definition
Hopper, Kemeny, Kurtz
Term
In C++, the output stream is known as ____. ___ represents the input stream.
Definition
cout, cin
Term
In a menu-driven interface, a ____ bar is the line or two of command options located across the top or bottom of the computer screen. A ____-____ ____ is a list of additional command options that is revealed only when a particular item is selected from the bar.
Definition
menu bar, pull-down menu
Term
In computing, an ______ is any small application that performs one specific task that runs within the scope of a larger program, often as a plug-in.
Definition
applet
Term
In digital logic, an ________ or ___ gate is a logic gate which implements logical negation.
Definition
inverter, NOT
Term
In network database models, files are connected by means of________ links or addresses. Relational database models connect files using _______ relationships.
Definition
physical, logical
Term
Information Processing Cycle
Definition

Input—entering data into the computer.

Processing—performing operations on the data.

Output—presenting the results.

Storage—saving data, programs, or output for future use.

[image]

Term
Jack St. Clair Kilby
Definition

a Nobel Prize laureate in physics in 2000 for his invention of the integrated circuit in 1958 while working at Texas Instruments (TI). He is also the inventor of the handheld calculator and thermal printer.

[image]

Term
Memory Address Register (MAR)
Definition

a CPU register that either stores the memory address from which data will be fetched to the CPU or the address to which data will be sent and stored. In other words, the MAR holds the memory location of data that needs to be accessed.

[image]

Term
Memory Data Register (MDR)
Definition

the register of a computer's control unit that contains the data to be stored in the computer storage (e.g. RAM), or the data after a fetch from the computer storage. It acts like a buffer and holds anything that is copied from the memory ready for the processor to use it.

[image]

Term
Microsoft Corporation was co-founded in 1975 by Bill _____ and Paul _____. Steven ____ and Steve _______ co-founded Apple Computer in 1976.
Definition
Gates, Allen, Jobs, Wozniak
Term
Mitchell David Kapor
Definition

the founder of Lotus Development Corporation and the designer of Lotus 1-2-3. He is also a co-founder of the Electronic Frontier Foundation and was the first chair of the Mozilla Foundation. He has been involved in a number of other Internet-oriented organizations.

[image]

Term
One megabyte of memory is equal to approximately 1 _______ bytes.
Definition
million
Term
RAID, an acronym for _________ _____ __ ___________ _____, is a technology that provides increased storage functions and reliability through redundancy. This is achieved by combining multiple disk drive components into a logical unit, where data is distributed across the drives in one of several ways called "RAID levels".
Definition
Redundant Array of Independent Disks
Term
SNA, or _______ _______ ___________, is a type of wide area network model.
Definition
systems network architecture
Term
Spreadsheet documents are commonly referred to as __________. ______ and _____ are commonly used within database management programs. _________ are commonly used within word processing programs.
Definition
worksheets, tables, forms, templates
Term
Synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM)
Definition

dynamic random access memory (DRAM) that is synchronized with the system bus, meaning that it waits for a clock signal before responding to control inputs and is therefore synchronized with the computer's system bus.

[image]

Term
Telnet is a network ________ used on the Internet or local area networks to provide a bidirectional, interactive, text-oriented ______________ facility using a virtual terminal connection.
Definition
protocol, communications
Term
The Intel ___ computer processor has special enhancements for running multimedia applications. The Intel _______ processor is an economy processor designed for entry-level computer systems.
Definition

MMX, Celeron

[image]

[image]

Term
The ____ _____ ________ (POP) is an application-layer Internet standard protocol used by local e-mail clients to retrieve e-mail from a remote server over a TCP/IP connection. Examples include Hotmail, Gmail, and Yahoo! Mail.
Definition
Post Office Protocol
Term
The ______ ____ ________ ________ (SLIP) is an encapsulation of the Internet Protocol designed to work over serial ports and modem connections.
Definition
Serial Line Internet Protocol
Term
The ______ _________ is an embezzlement technique through which a Trojan horse is used to embezzle by transferring very small amounts of money from large numbers of accounts. ________ _________ is a technique used to uncover embezzlement by examining separate databases and identifying individuals common to databases.
Definition
salami technique, computer matching
Term
The ______-______ thesis states that "if there is an algorithm to do a symbol manipulation task, then there is a Turing machine to do that task." This thesis implies that Turing machines define the limits of _____________. In this view, if a Turing machine cannot perform a particular symbol manipulation task, this means that there is no algorithm for this task, so no real computer will be able to perform the task either.
Definition
Church-Turing, computability
Term
The _______ ____ is a chipset that was developed and promoted by the U.S. Government as an encryption device to be adopted by telecommunications companies for voice transmission.
Definition

clipper chip

[image]

Term
The ________ format combines the components of bit-mapped and vector graphics formats. __________ is a type of page description language that is capable of describing the appearance of a formatted page containing layout, typeface, and graphics.
Definition
metafile, PostScript
Term
The _________ personal computer, introduced by Apple Computer in 1984, pioneered the graphical user interface (GUI).
Definition

Macintosh

[image]

The Apple II was introduced by Apple Computer in 1977, and the IBM PC was introduced in 1981. Windows represents a graphical user interface operating system, not a type of personal computer.

Term

The __________ programming language paradigm defines the programming process as involving the development of a series of commands that can be carried out by a computer to accomplish a desired result.

The ___________ paradigm views programming as involving the development of precise statements regarding a problem to be solved.

The __________ paradigm views program development as connecting functions that each accept inputs and produce outputs.

Definition
procedural, declarative, functional
Term
The columns on a spreadsheet or worksheet are usually labeled with _______. _______ are usually used to name the rows on a worksheet.
Definition
letters, numbers
Term
The function of booting, or starting, a computer is performed by the computer's _________ ______. ___ software is a type of applications software that accomplishes personal information management tasks. A ______ ______ program is a type of utility that checks the health of a computer system.
Definition
operating system, PIM, system doctor
Term
The term "___________" refers to a computer that is physically connected to a network. The term "____" is used to refer to any device that is connected to a network, including printers, servers, and workstations.
Definition
workstation, node
Term
To preserve the most formatting information when saving a text document, the RTF (____ ____ ______) should be used.
Definition
rich text format
Term
Unicode is a __-bit encoding system. ASCII is a _-bit encoding system, and ANSI is an _-bit encoding system.
Definition
16, 7, 8
Term
__ _____ is memory that is external to the microprocessor. In general, it resides on a separate chip from the microprocessor chip.
Definition

L2 cache

[image]

Term
__ ______ is a small, fast memory cache that is built in to a CPU and helps speed access to important and frequently-used data.
Definition

L1 cache

[image]

Term
__/_ is a computer operating system, initially created by Microsoft and IBM, then later developed by IBM exclusively.
Definition

OS/2

[image]

Term
___ and _.__ are types of wide area networks.
Definition
PDN, X.25
Term
___ files are produced using data compression based on Lempel-Ziv encoding. RLE (___-______ encoding) and _______ coding represent alternative data compression schemes.
Definition
zip, run-length, Huffman
Term
____ ________ ________ (FTP) is a standard network protocol used to copy a file from one host to another over a TCP-based network, such as the Internet. FTP is built on a client-server architecture and utilizes separate control and data connections between the client and server.
Definition

File Transfer Protocol

[image]

Term
____ is a computer network administration utility used to test the reachability of a host on an Internet Protocol (IP) network and to measure the round-trip time for messages sent from the originating host to a destination computer.
Definition
ping
Term
____ is a multi-user operating system.
Definition
UNIX
Term
_____-__-______ ________, or PPP, is a data-link protocol commonly used in establishing a direct connection between two networking nodes. It can provide connection authentication, transmission encryption privacy, and compression.
Definition
Point-to-Point Protocol
Term
______ ____ ________ ________ (SMTP) is an Internet standard for electronic mail (e-mail) transmission across Internet Protocol (IP) networks.
Definition
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
Term
______ _______ __________ ________ (SNMP) is an Internet-standard protocol for managing devices on IP networks. It is used mostly in network management systems to monitor network-attached devices for conditions that warrant administrative attention.
Definition
Simple Network Management Protocol
Term
______ graphics are another name for bit-mapped graphics.
Definition

raster

[image]

Term

______-____ ____ (BNF) is a notation for representing the syntax of a programming language.

 
Definition
Backus-Naur Form
Term
______-____ ________ is the automated testing of source code for the purpose of debugging a computer program or application before it is distributed or sold.
Definition
source-code analysis
Term
______-_________ database models are most capable of handling complex multimedia data, including storage of audio, video, and graphic images. Relational, network, and flat file database models are limited primarily to handling text and numbers.
Definition
object-oriented
Term
_______ __________ ____________, or OCR, is the mechanical or electronic translation of scanned images of handwritten, typewritten or printed text into machine-encoded text.
Definition

Optical character recognition

[image]

Term
_______ is a measure of time delay experienced in a system, the precise definition of which depends on the system and the time being measured.
Definition
latency
Term
_______ is used in computing to describe a system in which content displayed during editing appears very similar to the final output, which might be a printed document, web page, or slide presentation.
Definition
WYSIWYG ("What You See Is What You Get")
Term
________ _____ ____ (IRC) is a form of real-time Internet text messaging (chat) or synchronous conferencing. It is mainly designed for group communication in discussion forums, called channels, but also allows one-to-one communication via private message as well as chat and data transfer, including file sharing.
Definition
Internet Relay Chat
Term
________ represents the name of a method of data encryption rather than data compression. Lempel-Ziv encoding, frequency-dependent encoding, and run-length encoding (RLE) are all methods of data compression.
Definition
Vigenére
Term
________ was the first spreadsheet program. Its development helped popularize the use of personal computers in the early 1980s. Lotus 1-2-3, Microsoft Excel, and Quattro Pro are spreadsheet programs that were developed afterwords.
Definition

VisiCalc

[image]

Term
_________ collect statistics about programs to help computer systems run more efficiently.
Definition
profilers
Term
_________ computers were designed to serve hundreds of users at one time. _____________ served smaller numbers of users, usually in the dozens. ______________ and desktop systems are designed to serve single users.
Definition

mainframe, minicomputers, microcomputers

[image]

[image]

[image]

Term
_________ register (or _______ _______ register) is a small amount of storage available on the CPU whose contents can be accessed more quickly than storage available elsewhere. Typically, this specialized storage is not considered part of the normal memory range for the machine.
Definition

processor, general purpose

[image]

Term
___________ is the division of software into manageable units.
Definition
modularity
Term

____________ is the term used to refer to the execution of more than one computer program concurrently for a single user. The computer takes turns executing each of the programs, so the programs are executed concurrently rather than simultaneously. _______________ refers to the simultaneous processing of multiple programs by multiple computers.

 
Definition
multitasking, multiprocessing
Term
_____________ is the typographic alignment setting of text or images within a column to align along both the left and right margin.
Definition

justification

[image]

Term
inode
Definition
a data structure that stores all the information about a regular file, directory, or other file system object, except its data and name.
Term
instruction register
Definition

the part of a CPU's control unit that stores the instruction currently being executed or decoded.

[image]

Term
intelligent, smart, or programmable terminal
Definition

a computer operating terminal that can carry out some data processing, as well as sending data to and receiving it from a central processor.

[image]

Term

programmable read-only memory (PROM) 

field programmable read-only memory (FPROM)

one-time programmable non-volatile memory (OTP NVM)

Definition

a form of digital memory where the setting of each bit is locked by a fuse or antifuse. Such PROMs are used to store programs permanently. The key difference from a strict ROM is that the programming is applied after the device is constructed.

[image]

Term
the component of a database management system that attempts to determine the most efficient way to execute a query.
Definition
query optimizer
Term
A computer _________ is an electronic device that interprets instructions and performs requested operations.
Definition
processor
Term
A ______ ___ is a component that helps data to move around the computer's motherboard.
Definition
system bus
Term
__________ is the term used when a computer processor begins executing another instruction before the current instruction is completed.
Definition
pipelining
Term
RAM units are capable of both _______ and receiving memory content.
Definition
sending
Term
An ________ modem is a circuit board that plugs into one of a computer's expansion slots. ________ modems connect to the computer via an external port. A ___ modem is a type of modem that emulates a fax machine.
Definition
internal, external, fax
Term
The ____-_____-_____ ___________ (VLSI) method allows for the integration of an entire computer processor on a single microchip. This method is used to design and fabricate most computer processors today.
Definition
very-large-scale integration
Term
A _______ ______ is discrete, finite, and absolutely replicable. It does not degrade with reproduction the way that an analog signal does. Instead, it can be reproduced an infinite number of times with an exact degree of accuracy.
Definition
digital signal
Term
The ___________ numbering system is a base 16 number system. Base 2 is used by the ______ numbering system, while base 10 is used by the _______ numbering system.
Definition
hexadecimal, binary, decimal
Term
A ______ is an operating system program that loads other operating system programs and applications programs to RAM as they are needed.
Definition
kernel
Term
_____ is a spreadsheet program, which is a type of applications software.
Definition
Excel
Term
A disk defragmenter program rewrites all of the files on a hard disk to contiguous sectors. This process reduces the amount of time required for the hard disk to access files. As a result, after defragmentation, the computer's hard disk operates ____ _______.
Definition
more quickly
Term
A ______ _________ produces reports for end-users.
Definition
report generator
Term
An ___________ _________ creates software code based on a detailed explanation of the data that needs to be processed. It generates the code needed to create a program to perform the task specified by the programmer.
Definition
application generator
Term
In computer languages, ___________ are tokens (also called symbols) which name language entities. Some of the kinds of entities include variables, types, labels, subroutines, and packages.
Definition
identifiers
Term
operating environment
Definition

the environment in which users run programs.

[image]

There is a thin line between operating environments and shells. Historically, shells are the interfaces to operating systems. They do not actually add any new capabilities; they simply provide a better user interface. So-called intelligent shells, however, actually extend an operating system's capabilities, so there is little difference between intelligent shells and operating environments.

Term
A ____-______ interface allows the user to choose a command option from a menu.
Definition
menu-driven
Term
A _____ is a program consisting of recorded keystrokes that can be called on to execute those keystrokes to accomplish a task. These programs can be run within other programs, such as spreadsheet programs, to save time by automating repetitive tasks. They excecute commands automatically.
Definition
macro
Term
A ________ is a collection of related data or files pertaining to a particular subject.
Definition
database
Term
An _____ is a unique value that allows a database to access information regarding an individual record.
Definition
index
Term
_________ is the process whereby new two-dimensional digital images are produced by combining an original image with a mathematical function. Lathing, extrusion, and solid modeling are all techniques used in the creation of _____-___________ graphics.
Definition
filtering, three-dimensional
Term
_____________ is a capability of some instant messaging software that enables a user to sketch and illustrate ideas.
Definition
whiteboarding
Term
POTS is an acronym for "_____ ___ _________ ________."
Definition
plain old telephone services
Term
The ______ process allows a user to establish a remote connection with a computer that is linked to the Internet.
Definition
telnet
Term
The _______ ______ ________ (PBX) is a telephone switching system that is an example of a local network. PDN, SNA, and ARPANET are all examples of ____.
Definition
private branch exchange, WANs
Term
A network that is operated by a single organization is known as a ______.
Definition
domain
Term
The Clipper Chip encryption scheme, developed by the U.S. government, is an example of an ________ key cipher, in which a third party controls the secret key in escrow. The RSA algorithm is a ______ key cipher system.
Definition
escrowed, public
Term
______ of a software program involves translating the design of the program into actual computer code. This process is accomplished during the _____________ phase of the software life cycle.
Definition
coding, implementation
Term
In executing a software program, the __________ control mechanism represents the default case, occuring automatically if there are no other types of control mechanisms.
Definition
sequential
Term
In _________ structures, a set of instructions is repeated as a subtask of itself.
Definition
recursive
Term
The Honeywell 400 is an example of a ______________ computer.
Definition
transistorized
Term
The IBM PC originally ran on the Intel ____ microprocessor.
Definition

8088

[image]

IBM chose the Intel 8088 because, as a 8-bit processor, its components were widely available. The Intel 8086 processor had been developed by the time that the IBM PC was introduced, but IBM chose against using this 16-bit processor because most available peripheral equipment was compatible only with 8-bit processors at that time.

Term
The World Wide Web was invented in 1989 by former Swiss physicist ___ _______-___. ____ ___ _______ proposed a new type of logical organization, or architecture, for computers.
Definition

Tim Berners-Lee, John von Neumann

[image]

[image]

Term

_____ was a computer program designed by Joseph Weizenbaum in the 1960s to converse in English and to imitate a psychotherapist.

____ was a precursor to the Apple Macintosh computer that was the first commercial computer with a purely graphical operating system.

Definition

ELIZA, Lisa

[image]

[image]

Term

The _______ virus was a well-publicized macro virus that caused itself to be sent to individuals in a user's Outlook contact list.

___ ________ was another rapidly spreading worm virus.

Definition
Melissa, SQL Slammer
Term
A _________ ______ _____________, or CNA, is certified to provide network support for Novell networking products. A ___ _________ __________ ___ ___ ____ _ ________ is certified to program in Java, a programming language that is popular with Web-based applications.
Definition
Certified Novell Administrator, Sun Certified Programmer for the Java 2 Platform
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