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| The science that seeks to understand behavior and mental processes and to apply that understanding in the service of human welfare |
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| Use high- tech scanning devices and other methods to study how biological processes in the brain and other organs affect and are affected by behavior and mental processes |
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| Developmental Psychologists |
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| Describe changes in behavior and mental process that occur from birth through old age and try to understand the causes and effects of those changes |
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| Study mental abilities such as sensation and perception, learning and memory, thinking, consciousness, intelligence, and creativity |
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| (human factors)-has helped designers create computer keyboards, web sites, aircraft instrument panels, nuclear power plant controls, etc that are more logical, easier to use, and less likely to cause errors. |
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| Personality Psychologists |
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| Study similarites and differences among people. Some use tests, interviews, and other measures to compare individuals on characteristics such as openness to experience, emotionality, reliability, agreeableness, and sociability |
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| Clinical/Counseling Psychologists |
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| conduct research on the causes of mental disorders and offer services to help troubled people overcome those disorders. The majority of Psychologists are clinical |
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| Educational Psychologists |
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| conduct research and develpp theories aboutteaching and learning. The results of their work are applied in programs to improve teacher training, etc. |
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| study the wys that people think about themselves and others and how people influence one another |
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| developed first research lab in Germany, did empirical research, introspection, developed structuralism |
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| who is associated with structuralism |
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| approach focused on structure of conscienceness |
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| approach focused on structure of conscienceness |
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| who is associated with psychoanalysis? |
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| who is associated with psychoanalysis? |
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| unconscious mind affects person’s personality. (his philosophy isn’t necessarily whats important about him, since he was a doctor he developed some of the first therapy methods) |
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| who is associated with Functionalism |
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| thought that the functions of sensations, ideas, and memories were important. To study how the mind works in allowing an organism to adapt to their environment |
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| who is associated with behaviorism |
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| belief that one should not study the mental events but should study the behaviors/actions that one takes, via learning principles |
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| approach that points out the whole of conscious experience is not the same as the sum of its parts. Goal=To describe the organization of the mental processes |
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| emphasizes activity of nervous system, especially of the brain; the action of hormones and other chemicals and genetics |
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| emphasizes the ways in which behavior and mental processes are adaptive for survival |
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| emphasizes internal conflict, mostly unconscious, which usually pit sexual or aggressive instincts against environmental obstacles to their expression |
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| emphasizes learning, reward/punishment |
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| emphasizes mechanisms through which people receive, store, retrieve and process information |
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| emphasizs individual potential for growth and the role of unique perceptions in guiding behavior and mental processes |
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| such as those in North America and Western Europe, who tend to value personal rather than group goals and achievement |
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| such as in Japan, who tend to think of themselves mainly as part of family or work groups |
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| are groups of cultures within a particular country or region |
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| cross-cultural psychology |
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| looking at how ethnicity, gender, age, and many other sociocultural variables can influence behavior and mental processes |
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| study leadership, stress, competition, pay scales, and other factors that affect the productivity and satisfaction of the workers and the organizations that employ them |
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| develop and use statistical tools to analyze vast amounts of data collected by their collegues in many other subfields |
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| use visualization to train athletes to resist anxiety, etc |
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| assist in jury selection, evaluate defendants mental competence to stand trial, etc |
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| study effects of enviroment on people's behavior and mental processes |
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