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| distinction between the spiritual mind and physical body |
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| (1831) On the Origins of Species; natural selection |
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| first psychologist; first to consider scientifically studying the mind and body; introspection; Edward Bradford Titchener; father of structuralism; |
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| John B. Waston & Rosalie Rayner |
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| law of effect; reinforcer; positive/negative reinforcement; operant box; reinforcement contingencies; continuous reinforcement; shaping; intermittent reinforcement; extinction (in operant conditioning) |
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| whole-person psychology; psychodynamic psychology; psychoanalysis; humanisitic psychology; trait and temperment psychology |
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| probed brain with pen-shaped electric probe; brain's surface has distintive functions |
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| Heinrich Kluver & Paul Bucy |
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| surgically snipped the connection to the amygdala of the brain in rhesus monkeys |
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| the brain also had regions devoted to such traits as hope, spirituality, friendship, etc.; localization of functions |
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| inability to form speech, though one may still understand it; in contrasts to Wernicke's area |
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| Roger Sperry & Micheal Gazzaniga |
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| split-brain patients could identify objects in one hand, but not the other; lack of facial recognition in one eye, but not the other |
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| dogs & salivia; classical conditioning; neutral stimulus + unconditional stimulus -> unconditioned response; conditioned stimulus (neutral stimulus) -> conditioned response (unconditioned response) |
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| John Garcia & Robert Koelling |
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| naturally sensitive to food aversion; organism have an inborn preparedness to associate certain stimuli with certain consquences |
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| a more preferred activity can be used to reinforced a less preferred one |
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| cognitive map; animals learn concepts |
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| learning by observation of others experiencing reward/punishment; BoBo; observation/social learning |
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| Richard Atkinson & Richard Shiffrin |
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| developed the three stage model of memory |
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| University of Leipzig (place) |
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| established in 1879, world's first psychology laboratory by Wundt |
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| the capacity of sensory image can hold 12 or more items, though no more than a few seconds |
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| working memory can hold 7+/-2 |
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| the central executive, the phonological loop, the sketchpad, episodic buffer |
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| Fergus Craik & Robert Lockhart |
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| level-of-processing-theory (1972) |
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| words with meaning analyzed where better remembered |
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| (1992) implicit/explicit memory; seven sins |
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| H.M. still had implicit memory |
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| desireable difficulties; more interaction with the material in different ways |
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| forgetting curve (1908/1973) |
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| Elizabeth Loftus & John Palmer |
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| suggestibilty with car crashes |
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| Daniel Kahneman & Amos Tversky |
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| extensive knowledge + high motivation + certain personality characteristics = genius |
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| aptitude; long ass list of intelligences |
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| tri-intelligences: practical, creative, analytic |
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| Alfred Binet & Theodore Simons |
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| first IQ test for french kids; MA/CA * 100 |
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| Standford-Binet test; introduces IQ concept to US (originally by Willian Stern) |
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| Native American intel concept |
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| Robert Rosenthal & Lenore Jacobson |
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| self fulfiling prophecy teachers |
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| intel was hereditary; exclude immigrant groups |
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| Sandra Scarr & Richard Weinberg |
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| Richard Hernstein & Charles Murray |
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