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Details Title: InteriorDesignReferenceManual Description: Ch.18 Mechanical & Electrical Systems Total Flash Cards: 75 Created: 08/15/2007 02:58:21	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term all air hvac system Definition cool or heat spaces by conditioned air alone, transported through the space in ducts with supply's and returns Term commercial air hvac systems Definition 1. VAV (variable air volume) 2. high velocity dual duct 3. constant volume with reheat 4. multizone Term fire rated partitions in return air plenums require: Definition that supply air ducts and openings for return air be cut into the wall, fire dampers that close off these openings in the event of a fire Term all water heating systems Definition use a type of coil unit called a convector in each space through which hot water is circulated the hot water heats the fins of the coil and air is heated as it is drawn over the fins air may be circulated by convection (baseboard) or by forced circulation Term terminal reheat system Definition combination of ductwork for supplying fresh air and water to heat or cool the air before it is supplied to the space box contains a hot water coil that provides additional heat to the airstream, easily identified by air ducts and copper pipes leading into them Term radiant panels Definition mounted in the walls or ceiling, sometimes used where it is necessary to avoid drafts Term space for ducts & pipes Definition residential: typically run within the walls and floor joists, may in some instances be run beneath the joists and require a furred down space commercial: horizontal ducts run through the plenum, vertical ducts run within their own chases Term mixing box Definition adjusts the quantity or temperature of air going into a space from the main air supply, reduces the velocity of the air, and attenuates noise thermostat lines are connected to the mixing boxes in dual duct systems, the mixing box mixes cool and hot air coming from two ducts to serve individual rooms or spaces Term vav box Definition varies the quantity of air, one duct leads in and one or several lead out, and are attached to registers in the ceiling typically placed above the ceiling within or near the space it serves Term sizes of mixing boxes Definition range from 6-18" high, 24-60" long, and 14-66" wide. expensive and difficult to move, verify locations in the field prior to lighting layout Term access flooring Definition false floor, typically used for running electrical and network, can be used for some types of hvac to serve individual workstations Term toilet carrier Definition a steel framework that is bolted to the floor inside a pipe chase to carry the weight of wall hung toilets Term thermostat locations Definition normally placed away from exterior walls or other heat sources that may interfere typically 48" aff, but coordinate with ADA and other devices Term window covering clearances Definition *at least 2" between glass and any window covering to prevent build up of heat that may crack the glass, and 1-1/2" from mullion *1-1/2" minimum from soffit above glass *1-1/2" from sill if supply is in sill Term air supply options Definition *1' or 2' square, lay in diffuser for lay in ceiling *slot air diffuser, used when space is minimal or for aesthetic, long and narrow, 3-8" in width and any length, and used for supply or return Term 18x12 duct Definition 18 is the width 12 is the height Term romex cable Definition nonmetallic sheathed cable consisting of two or more plastic insulated conductors and ground wire surrounded by a moisture resistant plastic jacket *can be used in wood stud residential buildings and buildings not exceeding 3 floors if used with wood studs and protected from damage by being concealed behind wallboard Term BX or flex cable Definition flexible metal-clad cable or armored cable (AC) consists of two or more plastic insulated conductors encased in spiral wound steel tape. *often used in remodel work because it is easy to pull through existing spaces *used to connect commercial light fixtures so they can be relocated Term conduit for conductors Definition required in commercial/multi-family supports and protects the wiring, serves as a system ground, and protects surrounding construction from fire Term under carpet wiring Definition thin, flat, protected wire that can be laid beneath carpet without protuding available in 120v and telephone, must be used with carpet tile so it is accessible Term junction box Definition steel or approved plastic boxes which provide for the connections to the power supply, conduit is attached to the jbox. required where light fixtures are connected to the electrical system *single switches/duplex - 2"x4" *larger boxes are 4"x4" Term residential spacing of outlets Definition minimum of 12' apart, and minimum of one on each wall Term dedicated outlets Definition outlets placed on their own circuit to prevent electrical interference Term grounding Definition a separate wire in addition to the two that provide power, prevents a dangerous shock if someone touches an appliance with a short circuit and simultaneously touches a ground path such as a water pipe - provides a path for the fault Term gfi Definition ground fault interrupters are devices that detect small current leaks and disconnect the power to the circuit or appliance * can be part of circuit breaker or installed as outlet *required in outdoor outlets and bathrooms, basements, and kitchens Term power/data on plans Definition can be shown on a separate power plan,on the furniture plan where exact dimensions are provided if location is critical Term plumbing system components Definition *water supply - cold and hot water, supplied under pressure to individual plumbing fixtures, pipes generally small *drainage - works by gravity, must be sloped downward, vent pipes are required Term plumbing trap Definition attached to the fixture, designed to catch and hold a quantity of water to provide a seal that prevents gases from the sewage system from entering the building *toilets, 2 or 3 adjacent fixtures typically have the trap integrated into their design Term vent Definition traps are connected to the actual drainage and to vents. vents are pipes connected to the drainage system at various locations open to outside air. *allow built up sewage gases to escape, allow pressure in the system to equalize so discharging waste does not create a siphon that drains the water supply. Term vertical stack Definition sewage travels from the trap in branch lines to the vertical stack. soil stack - carries human waste from toilets waste stack - carries waste other than human waste Term stack vent Definition vents connected above highest fixture in system to a stack vent, which extends through the roof. multi story buildings have a separate pipe for venting called a vent stack which either extends through the roof or connects with stack vent above the highest fixture Term drain sloping Definition minimum of 1/4" for pipes larger than 3", if the pipe has to be concealed within the floor, this will limit the distance of the fixture to the riser Term wet columns Definition typical commercial buildings have plumbing concentrated at the core, and also provide wet columns that have hot & cold water supply and drainage Term 3 objectives of fire protection and life safety Definition protection of life protection of property restoration and continued use of a building after a fire Term fire protection in a building accomplished by Definition preventing fires early detection and alarm providing for quick exiting containing the fire suppressing the fire Term fire containment achieved through Definition building materials compartmentation smoke control Term fire suppression achieved through Definition fire detection and alarms sprinkler systems standpipes Term compartmentation Definition provide places of refuge for occupants protect other parts of building provide time for fire suppression required between different occupancies, between use areas and exits, and between parts of a building when a maximum allowable area is exceeded Term smoke control issues Definition most important aspect of fire protection smoke moves quickly through a building because of air pressure between cold and warm air, and is pulled through vertical stacks Term elements of controlling smoke Definition *containment (compartmentation) with fire dampers, automatic closing fire doors *exhaust-mechanically exhausting smoke from the building *dilution Term 4 types of fire detection devices Definition 1. ionization detector - responds to products of combustion ionized particles rather than smoke - considered early warning detectors 2. photoelectric detectors - respond to smoke which obscures a light beam in the device 3. rise of temperature detectors - trip an alarm when a particular temperature is reached in a room 4. flame detectors - respond to infrared or ultraviolet radiation gien off by flames Term sprinklers Definition required in buildings over 75' high Term NFPA classification of buildings Definition light ordinary extra hazard *determines the spacing of sprinklers eg, office space one sprinkler per 225 sq ft, maximum of 15' apart & maximum of one half the required spacing from the wall Term standpipe Definition pipes that run the height of a building and proved water outlets at each floor that fire hoses can can be connected *located in stairwell or within a vestibule of pressurized enclosures Term 4 types of portable fire extinguishers Definition A - paper, wood, cloth - extinguisher is water based B -flammable liquids such as gasoline, solvents, and paints - extin. contains smothering chemicals C - electrical equipment - extin. contains non-conductive agents D - combustible metals Term halongenated agents (halon) Definition a gas that chemically inhibits the spread of fire, can damage the ozone layer, so alternatives are being explored for the future Term intumescent materials Definition building material that expands rapidly in response to fire filling gaps to prevent the passage of fire, heat and smoke available as strips, caulk, paint, and spreadable putty Term 3 types of intrusion detection Definition permimeter protection area or room protection object protection Term perimeter protection Definition secures the entry points to a space - include doors, windows,skylights, ducts, tunnels, other service entrances Term magnetic contacts Definition used on doors and windows to sound an alarm when the contact is broken or send a signal to a central monitoring station *can be surface mounted, recessed into the door and frame, or concealed in special hinges Term glass break detectors Definition metallic foil or vibration detector mounted on the glass senses when glass is broken Term window screens Definition fine wires embedded in them that can be used to set off a alarm if they are cut or broken Term photoelectric cells Definition detect when a beam has been broken can be surface mounted, butlook better when they are recessed Term photoelectric beams Definition beams warn of an intrustion by sending a pulsed beam across the space. when the beam is broken and alarm is signalled. *large and small areas *equipment small and can be concealed Term infared detector Definition sense source of infared radition, such as human body, compared with normal room radiation *must have clear field of view of protected area Term audio detector Definition listen for unusual sounds in a space above what is normally encountered. Term pressure sensors Definition these sensors dectect weight on a floor or other surfaces, can be separate fixtures laid over existing floor finish or placed under carpet Term ultrasonic detector Definition emit a very high frequency sound wave. when the soundwave is interrupted, and alarm is activated. *limited to a space 12' high and 20'x30' Term microwave detectors Definition emit field of microwave radiation and sense interruptions in that field *limited use in interior construction because the rays can penetrate most building materials and are reflected by metal. Term capacitance proximity detectors Definition detect when metal objects are touched Term vibration detectors Definition sense a disturbance of an object Term infared motion detectors Definition determine if the space around an object is violated Term electronic surveillance Definition interception of sound or signals emitted from computer screen. to prevent, electromagnetic or radio frequency shielding is required Term electronic shielding Definition building a cage of continuously conductive material that catches signals and conduct them to the ground. *rating of protection is measured in decibels of attenuation *government and military facilities are designed for 100dB across a broad bandwith of signals, very expensive *corporate needs, 60 dB stops 99.9% of signals coming from office computers and other sources Term electronic shielding for corporations Definition 60dB *copper foil (difficult to install) *non-woven fabric placed behind wall surface *metallic shielding paint *fine mesh in windows or special shielded glass *filters are required for tel/data and power where the penetrate the membrane **consult a security expert Term to prevent locks from being torqued apart Definition security strikes cover plates cylinder guards Term proximity card readers Definition can be concealed in the wall some can read the card in a person's wallet a few feet from the device Term punched card access Definition used by hotels key code is changed each time a new person checks in to the room Term biometric devices Definition read the retina of the eye or a handprint, voice prints Term electric lock Definition retracts the bolt when activated from the secure side of the door require an electric hinge Term electric strike Definition replace the standard door strike and consist of a moveable mechanism that is mortised into the frame. a latch bolt is fixed from the secure side of the door, and with activation, the electric strike retracts Term electromagnetic lock Definition lock holds the door closed with magnetic force Term coordination with electrical and signal systems - issues to consider Definition *lighting for surveillance *cctv vendor needs to know the lighting, or may spec the lighting *physical space for equipment *speakers in ceiling *concealed transformers Term circular stairway Definition the inside smaller arc cannot be lsess than twice the width of the stair or it becomes a winding stair Term formula for determining the length of tread Definition 2R+T=25 typical, 7" riser and 11" tread IBC limits risers to 7" and minimum tread to 11"