Term
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Definition
1. strip - most common, thin strips with tounge & groove edges. most are 2 1/4 wide
2. plank - 3-1/4" to 8" wide, used to emulate wider historic planking
3. block - preassembled to 3 configurations (unit block, laminated block, parquet)
4. end grain blocks - solid wood ends 2-4" thick laid on end. very durable, used to be used for industrial areas |
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Term
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Definition
clear grade (the best)
select
no. 1 common
no. 2 common |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| 2 methods of wood floor installation |
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Definition
1. over plywood - use moisture barrier, allow for expansion (3/4") at perimeter
2. 2x4 wood sleepers - more resilient, allows for air space where moisture can escape, alternate: resilient pads (gym floors) |
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Term
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Definition
| optional, layed between strip flooring and plywood subfloor to prevent squeaking and act as a vapor barrier |
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Term
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Definition
| consist of 3, 5, or 7 layers of wood veneer laid at 90 degrees from each other . top layer is actual finished species. more stable. can be nailed to substrate or floated |
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Term
| five types of stone for interiors |
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Definition
| granite, marble, limestone, slate, sandstone |
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Term
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Definition
1.polished - mirror gloss
2.honed - dull sheen
3.fine rubbed - smooth surface free from scratches, no sheen
4.rubbed - occasional slight trails or scratches
5. thermal/flame finish - coarse surface |
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Term
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Definition
1. polished, brings out full character
2. honed - satin smooth, no gloss
3. abrasive - flat, nonreflective, suitable for stair treads and other non slip surfaces
4. wet-sand - smooth surface also suitable for non slip |
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Term
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Definition
travertine a version of limestone used in interiors
has holes that must be filled with epoxy resin to make it smooth
usually polished finish |
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Term
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Definition
travertine a version of limestone used in interiors
has holes that must be filled with epoxy resin to make it smooth
usually polished finish |
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Term
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Definition
cleaved from original rock, called flagstone with a naturally rough surface
can be sawcut into regular shapes |
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Term
| thin set and thick set installation of stone |
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Definition
1. thin set - uniform thickness of stone is set on subfloor with thin set mortar (1/8")
2. thick set - 3/4-1", requires structurally sound. must be used when the stone thicknesses vary (slate/sandstone), structurally separated with steel mesh from subfloor so it can flex |
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Term
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Definition
| allows for movement in the floor |
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Term
| non slip finishes for stone |
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Definition
granite - flame finish
marble - abrasive finish |
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Term
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Definition
composite material, poured, cured, and polished
durable, water resistant, easy to clean, fire resistant |
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Term
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Definition
1. standard - uses small chips no larger than 3/8"
2. venetian - larger than 3/8"
3. palladian - thin random fractured slabs of marble with standard terrazzo between
4. rustic - the matrix is depressed to expose the chips (not appropriate for interior flooring) |
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Term
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Definition
sand cushion method is the best way to avoid cracking, reinforcing mesh is set above membrane and sand cushion
-can be thin set if movement of floor not expected |
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Term
| resiliant flooring - 3 types |
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Definition
1. vinyl flooring - durable, resistant to indentation, abrasion, grease, water, alkilis, and some acids.
*vct has less flexibility and abrasion resistance, so should be specified with through body color
2. rubber - comfortable, quiet. not resistant to oils or grease
3. cork - available in tile and plank, high acoustical and resilient value, subfloor has to be perfectly smooth
4. linoleum - very good abrasion and grease resistance, but limited resistance to alkilis |
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Term
| testing moisture content of concrete for resilient floor installation |
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Definition
state the testing requirement in spec.
1. calcium chloride test - place a standard mass of calcium chloride below a plastic cover sealed to the concrete, 72 hours later weight the substance, placed every 500 sf
2. hygrometer test - measures relative humidity, cannot be installed unless RH is 75% or less
3. polyethylene test - seal and 18x18" sheet of plastic to the floor to trap moisture, 16 hours later visible check of moisture
4. mat test - sample is applied to the floor and 72 hours later checked
5. electrical impedence test - probes are placed on the concrete and measures are read |
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Term
| testing alkalinity of concrete for resilient floor installation |
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Definition
alkalinity cannot exist without moisture.
causes the adhesive to re-emulsify, can cause the concrete to blister
PH tests are done on the floor anc compared with the maximum ph recommended for a particular floor |
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Term
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Definition
rug
sheet carpet
carpet tiles |
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Term
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Definition
*wool - very durable, resilient, wears well, flame resistant, easy to clean & maintain, the most expensive
*nylon - very strong and wear resistant
high stain resistance, excellent crush resistance, most widely used
*acrylic-moderate abrasion resistance, has more of a wool like appearcne
*polyester - highly abrasion resistant, good crush resistance, cleans well, mildew resistant, low cost, often blended with nylon
*olefin - low melting point, unattractive, often used for backing and indoor/outdoor carpet |
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Term
| carpet manufacturing: weaving |
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Definition
traditional method
interlacing warp and weft yarns
very attractive and durable
most expensive |
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Term
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Definition
1. wilton - complex patterns, several types of surface textures including level cut pile, level loop, cut/uncut, and multi-level loop. generally heavier and more expensive
2. velvet - simplest type of weaving, generally one color, surface textures include plush, loop pile, cut pile, multi-level loop, and cut & loop
3. axmisnter - made on a modified jacquard, intricate patterns available, surface is even |
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Term
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Definition
pile yarn is punched through the backing, can be cut or left in loop
relative low cost, accounts for the majority of carpet |
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Term
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Definition
pile yarn is punched through the backing, can be cut or left in loop
relative low cost, accounts for the majority of carpet |
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Term
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Definition
fiber is pulled through the backing
limited variation in texture |
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Term
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Definition
embeds the pile yarn in a backing of liquid vinyl
used primarily for carpet tiles |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of ends of surface yarn in a 27" width |
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Term
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Definition
measured in fractions of an inch, it is the spacing between yarns across the pitch (27")
common gauges for contract carpet are 5/64, 1/10, and 1/8 |
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Term
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Definition
the number of lengthwise tufts in 1"
the higher the pitch or gauge numbers are, the denser the carpet |
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Term
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Definition
measured in fractions of an inch, it is the spacing between yarns across the pitch (27")
common gauges for contract carpet are 5/64, 1/10, and 1/8 |
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Term
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Definition
| increase the life of the carpet, provide better resiliency, help sound absorption, lessen impact noise |
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Term
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Definition
all carpet sold in the US meets the methenamine pill test.
IBC also requires that carpet meet the Flooring Radiant Panel test |
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Term
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Definition
1. ceramic - made by extrustion or dust pressed
2. quarry tile - made by extrusion |
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Term
| classification of tile by water absorption |
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Definition
1. nonvitreous - water absorption rate of more than 7%
2. impervious - water absorption rate less than .5%
3. semivitreous/vitreous tile - classified between nonvitreous and impervious |
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Term
| tile abrasion resistance classifications |
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Definition
Group I - light residential
Group II - moderate residential
Group III - maximum residential
Group IV - commercial |
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Term
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Definition
variation of plastic laminate
clear wearing sheet over melamine impregnated decorative sheets and water resistant backing sheet
typically laid on a cushioned foam underlayment, vapor barrier is required
not recommended for wet areas |
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Term
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Definition
high performance flooring used where special characteristics are required such as extreme hardness, severe stain & chemical resistance
applied in thicknesses of 1/16"-1/2"
material is turned up at the walls to form the cove base |
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Term
| coefficient of friction (COF) |
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Definition
measurement of the degree of slip resistance of a floor surface, ranging from 0 to 1 - the higher the number the less slippery
0.5 is minimum requred by UL and OSHA
for accessible routes, ADA requires .6, and .8 for ramps |
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Term
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Definition
acrylic is better than vinyl latex
water based |
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Term
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Definition
durable, but very strong odor
cannot be painted on damp surfaces |
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Term
| gloss and semi-gloss paint |
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Definition
used for washability and shiny appearance
tend to show defects |
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Term
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Definition
| provide a dull luster while still retaining some washability |
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Term
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Definition
if built before 1978, lead paint could have been used
certified professionals have to remove lead paint
applying a new layer of wallboard or repainting on top may be acceptable |
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Term
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Definition
hyrdocarbon solvents used in paints & stains
released into the air during application and react with nitrous oxides and sunlight to cause ozone
maximum levels are regulated by EPA, some states have lower maximums |
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Term
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Definition
generally packaged in rolls of about 36sf, 20.5"w x 21'l.
double and triple rolls are available
liquid sizing should be applied prior to install |
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Term
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Definition
straight match - one length is aligned with the next length
drop match - next piece is lowered to continue the match |
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Term
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Definition
| typically comes in rolls of 53 or 54" wide and 30 yards long |
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Term
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Definition
Type I - light duty (7-13oz)
(residential)
Type II - medium duty (13-22oz)
(most commercial)
Type III - heavy duty (22oz+)
(public corridors, food service, hospitals) |
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Term
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Definition
double cutting: overlapping adjacent strips and cutting through
butting: for pattern matching or where removal of adhesive is difficult due to deep pattern or dark color |
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Term
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Definition
wool, silk, and synthetics
subject to flame shpread
most cases, it must be backed with paper |
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Term
| fabric wallcovering:tuck joint |
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Definition
| a small recess is provided where the fabric can be tucked into to give a neat edge. used where fabric abuts other finishes, where people could brush against the edge, or a precise line is needed |
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Term
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Definition
| designed as individual panels and have at least 1" of sound absorbing material, covered with a loose weave fabric so sound can penetrate outer covering and be absorbed by inner material |
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Term
| fabric type and core materials for acoustic panels |
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Definition
fabric should be permeable and not backed, also should be hydrophobic so it won't sag, balanced weaves should be used.
core material can be a loose material such as batting, or a tackable material such as mineral fiberboard |
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Term
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Definition
traditional standard set method, slabs of 3/4" are attached to substrate with stainless steel wires or ties
Spots (lumps of plaster of paris) are placed between the substrate and the back of the stone panel at each anchor to hold the slab in place
newer, thin tiles are available, and are mortar placed |
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Term
| window treatments : shades |
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Definition
roller shades and inverted roller shades - piece of cloth wound around a spring roller
roman shade: roman shades pull up with a cord into accordian folds
austrian shades: operate like roman shades, but fold into scallops when opened |
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Term
| window treatments: blinds |
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Definition
venetian blinds: horizonatal slats adjusted with a control cord
mini-blinds: horizontal slats only 1/2-1" wide, typically aluminum
vertical blinds: hange from a track |
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Term
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Definition
| rigid panels, usually hinged, that open and close, have individual louvers that can open and close |
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Term
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Definition
loosely hung fabric that covers a window, commonly attached to a traverse rod
pleating includes pinch pleat, stack pleat, roll pleat, and accordion pleat |
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Term
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Definition
| like draperies, usually hung in the window frame and close to the glass, in most cases, not intended to be open |
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