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Definition
light colored
tough
highly elastic, good for furniture or paneling
finishes well |
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Term
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Definition
lightweight wood that is easy to work
high resistance to decay
makes it ideal for siding, decks, shingles |
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Term
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Definition
also known as "millwork"
custom shop fabricated millwork built of lumber
includes cabinetry, paneling, custom doors and frames, shelving, custom furniture, and special interior trim |
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Term
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Definition
premium - highest quality in materials, workmanship, and installation
custom - the most common grade, still produces a high quality job
economy - defines the minimum level of material and workmanship |
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Definition
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Definition
| timber from evergreen trees such as pine and fir |
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Definition
| decidious trees such as oak and maple |
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Term
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Definition
| thick piece of lumber used alone to form some woodwork component |
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Definition
| a thin piece of wood sliced from a log and glued to a backing of particleboard |
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Term
| plain sawing (flat sawing) |
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Definition
makes the most efficient use of the log and is the least expensive
results in cathedral pattern |
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Term
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Definition
cutting the log into quarters and then sawing perpendicular to a diameter line
uniformly vertical pattern
tend to twist and cup less, shrink less in width, hold paint better, have fewer defects |
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Term
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Definition
provides a more consistent vertical grain
much waste/more expensive/seldom done |
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Term
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Definition
same as plain sawing but much thinner
cathedral pattern |
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Term
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Definition
knife strikes the grain at 90 degrees
same as quarter sawing |
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Term
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Definition
veneer is cut with a lathe
ver pronounced grain pattern
often undesirable in high quality finishes
most efficient |
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Term
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Definition
similiar to rotary slicing but the log is cut in half
sows characteristics of rotary and plain sliced veneers |
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Term
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Definition
quartering the log and cutting at 15 degree angle to the growth rings
results in straight grain pattern
commonly used with oak |
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Term
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Definition
| the log from which individual veneers come from, flitches are numbered |
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Term
| thickness for the sides and bottom of most commercial grade base cabinets |
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Definition
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Term
| door and drawer front construction; flush |
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Definition
the face of the drawer or door is installed flush with the face frame
*may result in sagging over time |
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Term
| door and drawer front construction: lipped overlay |
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Definition
| a variation of flush overlay where part of the door or drawer overlaps the frame and covers the joint between the two pieces |
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Term
| door and drawer front construction: flush overlay |
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Definition
the front of the door or drawer overlaps the face frame of the cabinet, typically with about 1/8" space between door edges
*also known as european cabinets |
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Term
| door and drawer front construction: reveal overlay |
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Definition
the edges of adjacent drawer and door fronts are separated enough to reveal the face frame behind
*less expensive than flush overlay because minor misalignments and sagging are not noticeable
*more traditional |
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Term
| paneling: stile and rail (or raised) |
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Definition
traditional
composed of vertical stiles and horizontal rails enclosing a paneled area |
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Term
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Definition
| a flat smooth surface with the edges butted together with an eased edge or joined with a reveal |
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Term
| paneling: veneer matching : book matching |
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Definition
| most common method, veneers are sliced off the log and every other piece is turned over so that adjacent leaves have a symmetrical pattern |
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Term
| paneling: veneer matching : slip matching |
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Definition
consecutive pieces are placed side by side and the same face sides are exposed
creates a rythymic pattern |
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Term
| paneling: veneer matching : random matching |
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Definition
| random sequence and even from different flitches |
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Term
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Definition
alternates book-matched veneer pieces regardless of their width
any portion left over from the last leaf of one panel is used as the starting piece of the next panel |
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Term
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Definition
| utilizes veneer pieces that are trimmed to equal widths |
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Term
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Definition
| even number of veneer leaves of uniform width so that there is a veneer joint in the center of the panel |
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Term
| panel assembly: warehouse match |
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Definition
premanufactured panels of 4'x 8' are assembled from a single flitch that yields 6-12 panels.
field cut to fit around dors, windows, & other obstructions
*results in some loss of grain continuity |
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Term
| panel assembly: sequence match |
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Definition
uses panels of uniform width manufactured for a specific job with the veneers arranged in sequence
*moderate loss of grain continuity |
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Term
| panel assembly: blueprint matching |
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Definition
*most expensive method
panels are manufactured to precisely fit the room and line up with every obstruction so grain continuity is not interrupted |
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Term
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Definition
| thin sheet of material made from impregnating several layers of kraft paper with phenolic resins and overlaying the paper with a patterned or colored sheet and a layer of melamine resin |
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Term
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Definition
particleboard, mdf, hardboard, and veneer core
-45lb density particleboard most common, most dimensionally stable
-formaldehyde free particleboard is available if zero offgassing is a req.
*mdf has a smoother surface making it more suitable for glossy laminates, more expensive, and not as good at holding screws
*hardboard has a smooth surface, can have bonding problems
*veneer core subject to warpage and is not recommended |
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Term
| plastic laminate on large surfaces |
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Definition
| must be balanced with a backing sheet to inhibit moisture absorption and for structural balance |
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Term
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Definition
| an item of fixed length, such as a door or window casing that can be installed with a single length of wood |
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Term
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Definition
| an item of continuing length, such as cornice |
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Term
| standing & running trim vs. molding |
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Definition
| standing and running trim is customized by the millworker of any wood species, molding is only available in a few species and is limited to standard profiles |
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Term
| specifying the maximum allowable moisture content in woodwork |
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Definition
not as much of a problem in millwork as it is for site built carpentry
*most of the US is an average of 8%
*southern or humid areas is 11%
*dry areas is 6% |
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Term
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Definition
| preferred method because quality is easiest to control |
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Term
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Definition
| *should only be used on closed grain woods where solid stock is required or on mdf for sheet materials |
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Term
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Definition
coating material with resins and plasticizers, very hard
easy to apply and repair
do not provide chemical and wear resistance |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
creates a very hard, durable finish
superior resistance to abrasion and to penetration from water |
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Term
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Definition
the hardest and most durable finish available (80% hardness of glass)
only available in gloss
difficult to repair or refinish outside of the shop |
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Term
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Definition
the most chemical resistance of standard lacquers
very resistant to scratching & abrasion |
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Term
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Definition
require re-oiling periodoically
darken with age |
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Term
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Definition
water based - uniform color, but raise the grain
solvent based - dry quickly and do not raise grain, less uniform |
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Term
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Definition
| standard thickness is 3/4" for countertops, lower priced available at 1/2" |
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Term
| building codes regulate the flame spread of wood for paneling for wall and ceiling, but not trim or furniture |
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Definition
must meet the maximum flame spread rating of the code based on occupancy and use area.
if less than .036 thick, it is not regulated |
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