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Insectivores
---
17
Biology
Undergraduate 4
03/30/2011

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Term
Order Afrosoricida
Definition

Suborder Tenrecomorpha

 

Suborder Chrysochloridea

Term
Formerly Insectivora
Definition

Order Afrosoricida

Order Erinaceomorpha

Order Soricomorpha

Order Macroscelidea

Order Scandentia

Order Dermoptera

Term

Suborder Tenrecomorpha

Family Tenrecidae

Definition

Tenrecs & Otter Shrews

-- no auditory bullae (ring-shaped tympanic bone instead)

-- Incomplete zygomatic arch

-- Cloaca present in some genera

Term
Tenrecs
Definition

-- Some echolocate

-- Spiny tenrecs have paniculus carnosus

-- incomplete zygomatic arch(turns up)

-- no auditory bullae(ring shaped tympanic bone instead)

-- Ex.

- Streaked tenrec (heterothermic, echolocation, hibernates, stritulating organ for intraspecific communication)

- Web footed tenrec

- Shrew Tenrec

- Tailless Tenrec

Term
Otter Shrews
Definition

-- All listed as endangered(habitat loss)

-- relict group of africa

-- ex.

- Giant Otter Shrew (up to 1 Kg)

- Small Otter Shrew (Central africa dwarf otter shrew and Mt. Nimbaotter shrew)

Term

Order Afrosoricida

Family Chrysochloridae

Definition

Golden Moles

-- convergent w/ other fossorials

-- no pinnae

-- vestigial eyes

-- Low freuency hearing

-- Detect Siesmic vibrations

-- 5th digit of hand missing

-- 2nd and 3rd form pick like claw

-- nose pad used to push through soil

-- forelimbs not rotated like Tilpidae

-- Grant's Golden Mole

Term
Order Erinaceomorpha
Definition

Hedgehogs, Gymnures & Moon rats

--Hedgehogs only one with spines

Term

Order Soricimorpha

Family Solenodontidae

Definition

Solenodons

-- Crude echolocation

-- endangered(habitat loss)

--Ex.

- Hispaniolan Solenodon (venomous from groove in canine)

- Cuban Solenodon

Term
Order Soricimorpha
Definition

Family Solenodontidae

Family Neshophontidae

Family Soricidae

Family Talpidae

Term

Order Soricimorpha

Family Nesophontidae

Definition

West Indian Shrew

-- Extinct

-- mouse to rat sized

-- like solenodons

 

Term

Order Soricimorpha

Family Soricidae

Definition

Shrews

-- largest and most distributed insectivores

-- Shrews with red teeth (nearctic, palearctic, and oriental)

-- Shrews with white teeth (old world)

-- no zygomatic arch

-- no bulae(instead tympanic annular)

-- highest average blood oxygen of all mammals

-- no circadian rythems (always eating)

-- primitive echolocation with high-freuency sound (also intraspecific communication)

-- caravanning

-- Short-tailed shrew and European water shrew venomous (thru 1st lower incisorfrom submaxillary gland, stuns prey so they can cache for later)

-- Ex.

- Least Shrew(endangered)

- Northern Short-tailed Shrew

- Masked Shrew

- Pygmy Shrew

- Smokey Shrew

- Long Tailed Shrew

- Water Shrew

Term

Order Soricimorpha

Family Talpidae

Definition

Moles, Shrew Moles & Desmans

-- fossorial (keeled sternum, no pinae, fusiform)

-- Eimer's organs well developed

-- Can smell under water

-- Ex.

- Desmans (2sp=Russian & Pyrenean, semi-auatic,echolocate)

- American Shrew Mole

- European Mole

- Star-nosed Moles

Term

Order Macroscelidea

Family Macroscelididae

Definition

Elephant Shrews

-- African

-- Cursorial runners(maintain roads)

-- bask to reduce energy use

-- monogamous

-- scat piles for territorial marking

-- ex.

-Checkered Elephant Shrew

- Golden rumped elephant shrew

Term
Order Scandentia
Definition

Family Ptilocercidae

Family Tupaiidae

(tree shrews)

 

-- considered primate link

-- indo-malayan faunal region

-- caniform upper incisors

-- hole in zygomatic arch

-- post-orbital process well developed (primate-like)

 

Term

Order Scandentia

Family Ptilocercidae

Definition

Pen-tailed Tree Shrew

-- Monotypic

-- White eye shine

-- Alcohol tolerant from rotten fruit diet

-- Pollinators

Term

Order Scandentia

Family Tupaiidae

Definition

Tree Shrews

-- excesive scent markers

-- family groups

-- uick moving and vocal

-- absentee parent care (every other day to avoid predation)

-- ex.

- Mountain Tree Shrew

- Long-nosed Tree Shrew

Term

Order Dermoptera

Family Cynocephalidae

Definition

Colugos

-- dermoptera=skin-winged

-- called flying lemurs but are neither

-- dichromatic sexes

-- 1st 2 lower incisors pectinate(comblike)

-- double rooted canines

-- glissant

-- petagium more extensive than in any other glider

-- keeled sternum

-- foliovores(large cecum and intestines)

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