Term
| Describe a "Local Reaction" |
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Definition
1. Pain
2. Erythema
3. Edema
4. Pruritus
-Severe local reactions increase the likelihood of serious systemic effects |
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Term
| What does the local reaction to a fire ant sting consist of? |
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Definition
Sterile pustule that evolves over 6 to 24 hours
*May result in necrosis and scarring |
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Term
| Describe a toxic reaction to a sting from a wasp, bee, or stinging ant? |
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Definition
-The "nonantigenic" result of a direct venom effect
-May share same features of true systemic (allergic) reaction
*Present with frequent rate of GI disturbance
*Bronchospasm & urticaria are infrequent
Symptoms:
-Usually subside within 48 hours
-Severe cases last longer & lead to rhabdomyolysis and hepatorenal failure |
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Term
Describe the systemic or anaphylactic reactions associated with stings from wasps, bees, and stinging ants:
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Definition
-True allergic reactions
-Mild to fatal in nature
-Nearly all anaphylactic epidsodes occur within 6 hours
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Term
| How soon do most anaphylactic episodes occur after a sting? |
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Definition
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Term
What are the initial symptoms of anaphylaxis?
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Definition
| Itchy eyes, urticaria, cough |
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Term
What are late reactions of anaphylaxis?
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Definition
Respiratory failure, cardiovascular collapse
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Term
| When do delayed reactions to stings occur? |
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Definition
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Term
What does a delayed reaction to a sting resemble?
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Definition
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Term
What are the symptoms of a delayed reaction to a sting?
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Definition
| Fever, malaise, headache, urticaria, lymphadenopathy, and polyarthritis |
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Term
| How are local reactions to stings treated? |
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Definition
1. Oral antihistamines
2. Analgesics
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Term
| How are anaphylactic reactions to stings treated? |
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Definition
1. First line treatment = Epinephrine (0.3 - 0.5 ml to 1:1000 IM in anterolateral thigh)
*Repeat epi every 5 minutes as needed
-Refractory to IM = IV therapy begins
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