Term
| Name two vasoactive amines. |
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Definition
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Term
| Is PAF a cell-derived or plasma protein derived mediator of inflammation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What cells are the principle sources of histamine? |
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Definition
| mast cells, basophils, and platelets |
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Term
| What produces serotonin in order to cause vasodilation and increased vascular permeability? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe three actions of leukotrienes. |
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Definition
| Increased vascular permeability, chemotaxis, leukocyte adhesion and activation |
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Term
| What chemical mediator of inflammation is responsible for bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, leukocyte adhesion, chemotaxis, degranulation, and oxidative burst? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Nitric Oxide can be produced by macrophages. |
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Definition
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Term
| What chemical mediators are formed in the liver and cause increased vascular permeability, smooth muscle contraction, vasodilation, and pain? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the effect of histamine on arterioles? venules? |
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Definition
| arterioles- vasodilation. venules-increased permeability |
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Term
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Definition
| 5-hydroxytryptamine, another name for serotonin |
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Term
| T/F Histamine causes endothelial activation via the expression of P-selectins. |
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Definition
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Term
| At extremely low concentrations PAF causes... |
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Definition
| vasodilation and increased venular permeability |
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Term
| T/F ROS can cause inactivation of anti-proteases. |
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Definition
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Term
| How does NO inhibit the inflammatory response? |
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Definition
| inhibits leukocyte influx (reduced adhesion) and inhibits platelet aggregation and adhesion |
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Term
| What signs/symptoms characterize the acute phase response? |
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Definition
| fever, neutrophilia, sleep, decreased appetite, hypotension, C-reactive protein |
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Term
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Definition
| sustained release of TNF mobilizes proteins and lipids and suppresses appetite |
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Term
| NF, IL-1, and IL-6 are implicated in __________ inflammation. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the effect of TNF and IL-1 on coagulation? |
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Definition
| increase procoagulant and decrease anticoagulant activity on vascular endothelium |
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Term
| How do TNF/IL-1 contribute to tissue repair? |
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Definition
| they cause fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| multi-protein complex that, in response to stimuli from microbes and dead cells, activates proteases that cleave/activate IL-1 |
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Term
| Mutations of genes encoding the __________ cause inherited autoinflammatory syndromes, notably familial Mediterranean fever. |
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Definition
| inflammasome. This is why targeted IL-1 antagonists effectively treat familial mediterranean fever. |
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Term
| What chemokine attracts neutrophils? |
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Definition
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Term
| What chemokine attracts monocytes? |
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Definition
| monocyte chemoattractant protein |
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Term
| What chemokine attracts macrophages? |
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Definition
| macrophage inflammatory protein |
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Term
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Definition
| regulated and normal T-cell expressed and secreted. It is a chemokine for all leukocytes EXCEPT NEUTROPHILS |
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Term
| What are the two functions of cationic proteins in lysosome granules? |
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Definition
| chemotaxis and increase permeability |
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Term
| What do neutral proteases in lysosomes do? |
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Definition
| they degrade the extracellular matrix |
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Term
| What is leukocyte adhesion deficiency type I? |
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Definition
| defect in biosynthesis of B2 integrins (CD11a/CD18) so there is no leukocyte adhesion ot ICAM-1 on endothelial cells |
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Term
| What is leukocyte adhesion deficiency type II? |
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Definition
| absence of modified oligosaccharides (Sialyl Lewis X) so there is no leukocyte adhesion to E and P selectins on endothelial cells |
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Term
| Which is more common: leukocyte adhesion deficiency type I or type II? |
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Definition
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Term
| Chronic Granulomatous disease is due to.... The typical patient presents with... |
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Definition
defect in NADPH oxidase (no reduction of oxygen to superoxide)
recurrent infections, especially catalase positive bacteria (Staph aureus) and fungal infections |
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Term
| What is the most common neutrophil defect? |
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Definition
| myeloperoxidase deficiency (where there is absent or deficient MPO-H2O2 system) |
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Term
| What is Chediak-Higashi Syndrome? |
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Definition
| abnormal intracellular protein transport (defects in vesicle formation, fusion or trafficking). Phagosomes can't fuse with lysosomes and you get WBCs with large granules/lysosomes |
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Term
| T/F Acquired defects in leukocyte function are much less common than genetic disorders of leukocyte function. |
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Definition
| FALSE. Aquired is more common |
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Term
| List some common disease states that cause acquired defects in leukocyte function. |
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Definition
| bone marrow suppression (tumors, radiation, and chemotherapy), diabetes, sepsis, malignancites, and malnutrition |
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Term
| Factor XII is aka ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Factor XII is activated by |
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Definition
| contact with collagen, basment membrane, or activated platelets (cofactor is HMWK). OR kallikrein |
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Term
| What converts prekallikrein into kallikerien? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does thrombin convert? |
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Definition
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Term
| Plasminogen is converted to plasmin by ___________. |
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Definition
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Term
| What does plasmin do in the complement cascade? |
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Definition
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Term
| What converts HMWK into Bradykinin? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F C3a stimulates histamine release. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the two anaphylatoxins? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of infections are patients with deficient C3 prone to? |
|
Definition
| recurrent pyogenic infections |
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Term
| What type of recurrent infections are patients with deficient C5-C9 prone to? |
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Definition
| neisserial infections (gonococcal and meningococcal) |
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Term
| T/F DAF can be found in the cell membrane |
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Definition
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Term
| What is hereditary angioneurotic edema? |
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Definition
| a deficiency in C1 INH that allows upregulation of complement components, resulting in episodic edema in skin, larynx, and intestines |
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Term
| T/F Lack of alpha 2 macroglobulin has been causally related to emphysema |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F C5a is a chemotactic agent. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the four system that activation of factor XII initiates? |
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Definition
| kinin cascade, clotting cascade, fibrinolytic cascade, and complement cascade (plasmin cleaves C3 to C3a and Kallikrein cleaves C5 to C5a) |
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Term
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Definition
| causes increased vascular permeability, vasodilation and pain |
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Term
| What molecule of the clotting cascade causes increased vascular permeability, chemotaxis, leukocyte adhesion, and fibroblast proliferation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does plasmin do to fibrin? |
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Definition
| degrades it into fibrin split products that increase vascular permeability |
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Term
| Which leukocytes mediate acute respiratory distress syndrome? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which WBCs mediate asthma? |
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Definition
| eosinophils; IgE antibodies |
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Term
| Which WBCs mediate glomerulonephritis? |
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Definition
| neutrophils and monocytes |
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Term
| Which inflammatory molecules mediate septic shock? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which WBCs mediate a lung abscess? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which WBCs are implicated in chronic arthritis? |
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Definition
| lymphocytes, macrophages (antibodies possibly involved in this) |
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Term
| Pulmonary fibrosis is a disease caused by which WBC. |
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Definition
| macrophages (and fibroblasts) |
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Term
| Which of the COX enzymes is constitutively expressed? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of drug is Rofecoxib aka vioxx? |
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Definition
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Term
| What types of drugs are Zileuton and Monteleuklast? What disease do they treat? |
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Definition
| 5-lypoxygenase inhibitors. Used to treat asthma since LTs C4, D4, and E4 are powerful inducers of bronchospasm, vasoconstriction, and increased vascular permeability |
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Term
| What drug inhibits phospholipase, COX2, IL-1, TNF and iNOS? |
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Definition
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Term
| The blister formed from a thermal burn has ________ exudate. |
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Definition
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Term
| Granulomas due to caseous necrosis in the lung is associated with which fairly common respiratory disease. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| T/F Platelet Activating Factor is stored in preformed granules that are released upon certain inflammatory stimuli. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Monocytes and macrophages contain acid hydrolases, collagenase, elastase, and plasminogen activator. |
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Definition
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