Term
|
Definition
~ 350 million infected WW.
~ 600 K death/yr
80% of hepatocellular carcinoma
90% of children infected during birth will become chronically infected. |
|
|
Term
| Which diseases were first described by Hippocrates? |
|
Definition
| Hepatitis B, A and Diphteria, Tetanus, |
|
|
Term
| Which is the toxigenic toxin in Tetanus? |
|
Definition
| Tetanospasmin (neurotoxic) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
35 million cases
300 K deaths in the year 2000 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
180 K babies died of neonatal Tetanus in 2002.
AR: GBSx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1548 cases in 2009.
4 endemic countries (Nigeria, Pakistan, India and Afghanistan). 18 countries still reporting cases.
VAPP 1 in 750 K vaccinated.
95% of cases are asymptomatic.
<1% of infections result in flaccid paralysis. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Most F diarrheal disease in children
500 K deaths/yr. 85% in L-MIC.
2 mill hospitalized for dehiydration.
G1 accounts for 50% of infections. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
16-18 cause 70% of CaCU and anal cancer in men.
2nd most F cancer in women
280 K deaths/yr.
500 K new cases.
Most F STI in the US
80% in DC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
90% of deaths in >65 years of age.
1918-19 20 mill deaths.
Last Pandemic Hong Kong strain H3N2
!st pandemic in 1518 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
24% coverage.
Rare after 5 yrs of age.
95% of invasive D caused by type B
High Risk Groups: immunodeficient, asplenia, Sickle Cell) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Most F presentations in children: bactremia; in adults: pneumonia.
Highest CFR in >65 yrs with meningitis.
HR: child care attendance, immunodeficient, cochlear implant.
PS is the most important virulence factor.
> 90 serotypes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
13 serotypes
US and W. Europe: B and C. Africa: A and C
Asia: C
Meningitis Belt: cumulative incidence as high as 2000/100k during epidemics. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
35 mill cases/yr
300 K deaths
EFF: 80-85% Cov: 90% 1st dose; 80% 3rd dose.
HRG: <5 and >65.
Adults are source of infection for infants.
Ro 80%. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 150 K cases of neonatal tetanus/yr |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
3978 cases in 2000
Large outbreak in 1990 in former Soviet Union due to disruption of health system over a 6 yr period. 5 k deaths.
AR: Arthus Type reaction.
CFR higher in <5 and >65. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
100 deaths yr.
Direct cost:$ 1800 US/adult case
Indirect cost: $ 2559/adults case.
Most cases with unknown source |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
33 mill PLWHA
2.7 mill new cases
2 mill deaths |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
9.7 mill cases 2 mill deaths
500 K MDR, 100 K deaths
50 K SDR, 20 K deaths.
1.37 mill PLWHA + TB |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1.37 mill PLWHA + TB
Every 20 seconds, new TB deahts.
For newly infected, 40% will develop TB in <2 yrs. Annual risk 9-14% |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1.2 mill deaths/yr.
90% in DC
8th cause of DALY's.
Leading cause of death in 15-24 yrs/age.
Cost: 65 billion/yr
Expected an 87% increase in RTI for 2020
20-50 mill injured/yr |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
150 K cases/yr
95% in L-MIC
Last case in The Americas in Colombia and Venezuela in 2002.
EFF: 1st dose: > 9 mth 85%, >12 mth 95%
2nd dose: 98%.
Between 2000-07, vacc has decreased I by 99%. 700 mill children vacc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Improved service at the facility level and by VHW.
Associated with improved nutritional status.
An improvement in mortality was observed, but was not stat. sig.
Impact on stunting in Tanz and Bngldsh |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
300-500 mill cases/yr
3.3 bill at risk in 109 countries.
1 mill deaths/yr. 80% in SSA and 75 in U5. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
800 K deaths/yr related to Zinc def.
2% of global Daly's.
41% reduction in risk of LRTI in children.
11-21% increased risk of death in ZD children with diarrhea, pneu or malaria.
38% reduction in malaria episode in U5 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
5 mill death yr
1:10 deaths is tobacco related.
Highest prev of smoking in India and China
70% of deaths in 2020 DC
By 2030 Tobacco related deaths will have doubled.
Single most important cause of preventable death
Only 5% of world pop is reached by tobacco control programs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
3.7 mill neonatal deaths/yr
1. Asphyxia, 2. Preterm, 3. Infections.
60-90% related to LBW.
99% of deaths in DC. 75% 1st week after delivery. 50% in the first 24 hrs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
MM ratio: World 400/100K LB. 2.5% annual decrease
SSA 900/100K LB. No signs of decrease.
1. PPH, 2. PRE/ECL, 3. Obs Labor, 4. Abortion (13%) 5. Sepsis.
Indirect: Malaria, Anemia, Short stature
Sri Lanka halved MMR q 12 yrs since 1937
Honduras decrease 38% since 1990-97 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
~ 700 K deaths/yr due to VAD
>250 mill children affected globally
20-24% of M, malaria and diarrhea deaths related to VAD.
Most important cause of childhood blindness in DC.
Almost all studies show a 35% reduction in mortality.
RR of death measles 0.24
RR of death diarrhea 0.61
23 usd for q death averted. most ce intervention.
40 countries with 70% coverage with 2 dose. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
18 mill children have been born in area free of risk.
1/3 of adults are blind in endemic areas.
25 mill hectares of land free for cultivation. Can feed 17 mill people.
< 1 USD/person protected. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
10 mill children die/yr.
40% in SSA
34% in SEA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
54 mill deaths/yr (25% due to ID)
qd 5000 people die of AIDS. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Eradicate Poverty and Extreme Hunger. Goal: halve the people who live with <1 dlls/day and the proportion of people who suffer from hunger by 50% from 1990 levels. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Provide primary education for everyone everywhere |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gender equality. eliminate gender inequality in primary and secondary education |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Child Health. Reduce by 2/3 U5 mortality from 1990 levels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| REduce Maternal Mortality. Reduce Maternal Mortality Ratio by 75% and universal access to reproductive health |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Reduce HIV, Malaria and other diseases.
Stop and reverse spread of HIV
Universal access to HIV tx
Halted an reverse incidence of Malaria and other mayor diseases. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ensure environmental sustainability.
1. To introduce principles of sustainable development to countries policies.
2. Halve proportion of people with no access to sfe drinking water.
3. Improve by 2020 the life of 100 million slum dwellers
4. Reduce biodiversity loss. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Develop a global partnership for development.
1. Address needs of least developed countries.
2. Access to affordable drugs.
3. Access to new technologies.
4. Fair trade.
5. Address debt of DC |
|
|
Term
| When were the MDG developed and what is their objective? |
|
Definition
| The MDG were developed in the UN Millenium Summit. It is a set 8 goals with 15 targets that are due in 2015. This goals have been agreed by all member countries. MDG were agreed also by leading development institutions. |
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