Term
| term of inhibiting bacterial growth |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
higher temp = more efficient
less org, less time to become sterile
endospores, certain viruses and vegetative bacteria resistant to disinfection |
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Term
modes for sterilization
heat |
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Definition
flame, dry, wet heat
boil
autoclave - heat and Pressure
cooking food over 160 F |
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Term
| modes for sterilization (6) |
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Definition
heat
gas - ethylene oxide
cold sterilization
UV light
ionizing radiation
filtration |
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Term
modes for sterilization
UV light |
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Definition
kills over short distance
cost and harm to workers
sources must be kept clean |
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Term
modes for sterilization
ionizing radiation |
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Definition
cathode and gamma
industrial
milk and food
gram stain shows bacteria, but they are dead |
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Term
modes for sterilization
filtration |
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Definition
filter bacteria but not viruses
large vol. of liquid |
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Term
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Definition
low temp kills over time
does not kill spores, no sterile
remove vegetative bacteria from milk
145F for 30 min. 250F for seconds |
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Term
| Categories of disinfectant and sterilizations |
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Definition
1. critical - items that enter tissue, implanted medical device, essential, immune system not good and defending v. infection on surface
2. semi-critical - touches mucous membranes, endoscopes, resp. therapy
3. non-critical - toliet seat, bed pan, low level of infection |
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Term
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Definition
lowers amt. of org.
inactivated by organic material so washing before disinfection is critical
conc. and temp. dependant
antiseptics - good for skin
fermaldehyde - not good for skin |
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Term
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Definition
protein denaturant, need 70-95%
traditional alcohol swabbing is symbolic |
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Term
| Disinfection Halogens (2) |
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Definition
1. Iodine Idophors: povidone iodine allergic skin rxns can limit usefulness allow dry time
2. Chlorine rapidly lethal, loses activity b.c of organic material high toxicity useful on glassware, etc not as useful as iodine for water when Giardia concern |
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Term
Disinfection
Phenolics (3) |
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Definition
1. Phenol
2. hexachlorophene
3. Chlorhexidine |
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Term
Disinfection
Phenolics
Phenol |
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Definition
kills fungi well
in soaps, environmental concerns
disinfect hospital surfaces
NEVER ANTISEPTIC |
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Term
Disinfection
Phenolics
hexachlorophene |
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Definition
good v. gram +, bacteriostatic
neurotoxicity limits use to kids
replaced by chlorhexidine |
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Term
| term for killing bacteria |
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Definition
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Term
Disinfection
Phenolics
Chlorhexidine |
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Definition
more bactericidal and less toxic
antiseptic
neutralized by soaps and detergents
don't put in bath water |
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Term
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Definition
disinfect equipment
toxicity for humans
properly ventilated rooms
prefer cold sterilization v. gluteralderyde |
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Term
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Definition
silver iodine
interacts with lipid bilayer of cell
transfer of silver that kills bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
saline + electrodes = hypochlorous acid and chlorine radicals
organic material decreases effectiveness |
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Term
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Definition
| acquired after 3 days in hospital |
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Term
| sources of nosocomial infections |
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Definition
hospital flora replaces normal flora
env. sources less likely
not always more virulent, just more resistant |
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Term
| Factors that increase nosocomial infections |
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Definition
broad spectrum anti.
catheters, IV, intubation, gasal gastric tube
duration in hospital
poor complicance |
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Term
| Standard Precautions for nosocomial infections |
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Definition
contact - hand washing
droplet - mask if within 3 ft. respiratory infections, influenza, RSV
airborne - special masks, N95, TB, measles, chicken poxq |
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Term
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Definition
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