Term
| What patients are at an increased risk for infections? |
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Definition
| elders, immunocompromised, invasive procedures |
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Term
| What are the 3 factors that influence infection in the body |
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Definition
Number of invading organisms
Virulence of organisms
Resistance of host |
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Term
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Definition
| smallest living organism that cannot live outside the host cell |
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Term
|
Definition
Single celled animals living everywhere
Classified by motility
Live in soil and digest materials making soil more fertile |
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Term
|
Definition
plant kingdom
live outside body
Yeast and -molds
can invade deep tissues |
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Term
|
Definition
| fungal infection from inhaling bird poo |
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Term
|
Definition
can resemble viruses
intracellular parasites- cannot exist outside living organism
Carried and spread by bites of vectors |
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Term
| Common diseases caused by rickettsiae |
|
Definition
Rocky mtn spotted fever-tick
Lyme disease- tick
typhus fever
malaria- mosquito
west nile- mosquito |
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Term
|
Definition
most commonly encounter microorganism
smallest
cannot live on their own
can cause epidemic |
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Term
|
Definition
oldest known group of single celled organisms
contain mechanisms for maintaining life and rapidly replicating themselves |
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Term
| Bacteria are classified according to what they look like under a microscope |
|
Definition
rod shaped- baccili
round- cocci
spiral- spirochetes |
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Term
|
Definition
single celled
smallest microorganism that can live outside cell
lack cell wall
primarily infect surface linings or respiratory tract, GU, GI |
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Term
|
Definition
round, tape, flukes (flatworms)
Eosinophils elevated with infection |
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Term
|
Definition
intracellular parasites that invade a cell and produce offspring released by cell rupture
offspring can live outside of cell and resist macrophage destruction
STD, PID, neonatal eye infections and lung |
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Term
|
Definition
| invasion of a susceptible host by pathogens or microorganisms |
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Term
|
Definition
| microorganism is present or invades a host, grows and or multiplies but does not cause infections |
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Term
|
Definition
| body's own natural defense mechanism, each location has beneficial bacteria |
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Term
|
Definition
| infectious disease transmitted directly from one person to another |
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Term
|
Definition
protein molelcules released by bacteria to affect host cell at a distant site
neurotoxins- tetnus |
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Term
|
Definition
produced in cell walls of certain bacteria and released only with cell lysis
endotoxins (meningococcal, typhoid) |
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Term
|
Definition
| a person with an active infection or an asymptomatic carrier |
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Term
|
Definition
| sewage, stagnant or contaminated water, improperly handled food |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
soil and water
iv solution
urine collection devices |
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|
Term
|
Definition
several microorganisms produce
infection |
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Term
|
Definition
greatly influences the development of infection
pt immune status
acquired health status |
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Term
| What has the best defense to infection |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| resistance to infection associated with the presence of antibodies or cells that act on specific microorganism |
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|
Term
| Passive/ Congenital immunity |
|
Definition
short duration, by mother across placental
can be given by injection of antibodies such as immunoglobulin> tetnus |
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|
Term
|
Definition
lasts for years
occurs naturally or by vaccinations |
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Term
|
Definition
| body reacts and develops own immunity this can take 4-6 weeks |
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|
Term
| Factors in hosts causing decrease immune status |
|
Definition
Diabetes
ETOH
Nicotine
Malnutrition
Vit. Deficiency
Dehydration |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Respiratory
GI
GU
Skin/ mucous
bloodstream |
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|
Term
|
Definition
usual mode causing nosocomial inf
wash hands prevents |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| transferred by inanimate object such as iv, contaminated needle, oral- fecal |
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|
Term
|
Definition
travel 3 ft
coughing or sneezing droplet |
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|
Term
|
Definition
transmitted through a common source
water supply, food, iv fluids |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| insects, ticks, fleas, mosquitos |
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Term
| What is the most effective point to interfere with the chain of infection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
completes the chain of infection
usually same as portal of entry |
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|
Term
| Nonspecific defense mechanisms |
|
Definition
body tissue
phagocytosis
inflammation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
responsible for phagocytosis
engulf, ingest, kill and dispose of invading organisms |
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|
Term
|
Definition
occurs when tissue is damaged
these cells release enzymes and polymorphnuclear leukocytes are attracted to the infected site from the bloodstream
if caused by infection pus occurs |
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|
Term
| 5 cardinal signs of inflammation |
|
Definition
red
hot
swollen
decrease in function
pain |
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Term
|
Definition
| infection acquired in health care setting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
monitors infection
report trends
reports to appropriate agency |
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|
Term
|
Definition
be aware of potential trends
notify appropriate agency
Check CDC for current info |
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|
Term
| methods of infection control |
|
Definition
handwashing
hygiene
sanitation
disinfection/ sterilization
barriers |
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|
Term
| What is the most effective way to prevent the spread of infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Must be used with any body fluid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used to clean exposed furniture, floors and equipment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
HEPA mask
proper isolation |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| process that eliminates almost all pathogens on objects with the exception of spores |
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Term
|
Definition
| destroys all microorganisms |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| most dependable method of sterilization uses steam under pressure |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
Glove
Mask
Gown waist then neck |
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