Term
| Symptoms: fever, anemia, abnormal heartbeat, symptoms similar to heart attack, petechiae rash (Osler's nodes/Janeway lesions) and under the fingernails splinter hemorrhage may be present |
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Definition
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Term
inflammation of the endocardium, usually referring to an infection in the valves of the heart, is caused by 3 main categories...
CC: ? (Coag-negative)
CC2: ? (Oral)
CC3: ? (high power)
treatment? |
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Definition
CC: staphylococcus epidermis (aka "Coag-negative Staph)
CC2: Oral Streptococci (S. mutans or S. oralis)
CC3: "high power" pathogens like S. aureus, GAS, etc
treatments: complete removal of prosthetic, long term antibiotics |
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Term
cause sudden high fever and low bp
-vomiting, diarrhea, confusion, seizures, headaches & muscle aches
-rash resembling a sunburn, particularly palms and soles :boiled lobster rash
-usually leads to peeling of the skin on hands and feet
-heaviest consequence is multiple organ failure |
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Definition
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Term
cause of Toxic shock sydrome
-toxemia
-often associated with tampon usage or contraceptive sponges
-Toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1)=super antigen |
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Definition
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Term
common cause of toxic shock syndrome
-bacteremia with toxemia
-often introduced with puncture wounds
-SpeA and SpeC toxins... auperantigens
-Gram (-) bacteria from LPS release ("septic shock") |
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Definition
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Term
-rare infections of the deeper layers of skin amd subcutaneous tissues, easily spreading across the fascial plane with the subcutaneous tissue
-uses bloodstream to move within tissue
-signs of inflammation may not be apparent if bacteria is deep within the tissue
-death and necrosis of tissue, often requires debridement
-often after trauma
what is it?
common causes? (name four.. two are waterborne) |
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Definition
necrotizing fasciitis
-streptococcus pyogenes, staphylococcus aureus.. both toxin mediated
-vibrio vulnificus,aeromonas hydrophila (both waterborne) |
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Term
occurs when organisms are multiplying in the blood, fever and hypotension are prominent symptoms
-patient appears very ill, low bp, may have altered mental state, shaking, chills, GI symptoms, often exhibits increased breathing rate and respiratory alkalosis
Many dif bacteria and a few fungi can cause it..
what is it? name two causes that are his favorites |
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Definition
septicemia
CC: GAS and Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
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Term
this organism is one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections, causes septicemia
-the "hot tub bug"
-grows on almost any media, colonies are bluish or greenish color, "fruity" or "grape-like" odor
-identify by fluorescence (+) and oxidase (+) testing |
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Definition
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Term
The "holy trinity" of P. aeruginosa infections that can lead to septicemia
1)______- wet, open environment
2)______- heavy mucus environments
3)______- any wet hospital environment |
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Definition
| burn wound infections, cystic fibrosis infections, nosocomial infections |
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Term
other diseases caused by ______ that can lead to invasiveness include:
endocarditis, wound infectoins, pneumonia, septicemia
-swimmer's ear, pseudomonas HotFoot
-onycholysis
-UTI, folluculitis, bone infections
-corneal infections
-ecthyma gangrenosum |
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Definition
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Term
-bacterium injected through a flea bite
-lymphatic infection, causes inflammation and necrosis of the LN
-swollen lesion called bubo, usually near groin or axilla
-fever, chills, headache, weakness, and tenderness of bubo,
subcutaneous hemorrhage/purpura, tissue necrosis
-high mortality (death in 2-4 days)
-comes in septicemic plague form and pneumonic plague form
-from fleas, contact with wild animals
What is is? Causative agent? Treatment? |
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Definition
| Bubonic plague caused by Yersinia pestis, treated with aminoglycosides, vaccine available for high-risk individuals |
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Term
symptoms: headache, backache, fever, chills, malaise, weakness
-progresses to ulcerative skin lesions, swollen LN, conjunctival inflammation, sore throat, intestinal disruption, pulmonary involvement
-debilitating, fatal if inhalatoin exposure
-vector: tick bite
-most common among hunters and persons consuming infected wild game meat
VF: intracellular, highly infectious
What is it? CC? Treatment? |
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Definition
| Tularemia (aka "rabbit fever") caused by Francisella tularensis, treated with aminoglycosides |
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Term
-spread by ticks
-rash disease evolves into a slowly progressive syndrome that mimics neuromuscular and rheumatoid conditions
-3 distinct stages possible
1) 3-14 days post bite, erythemia migrans (bulls eye rash)
2) weeks/months after bite, bacteria spread to joints and muscle, joint/muscle pain, fever, irregular heartbeat, conjunctivitis, may have CNS involvement
3) months/years post inf, bacteria gone but immune response continues, post infectious sequence against host tissues that look like spirochete antigens, particularly joints (arthritis), and CNS (paralyzing fatigue, dementia, memory loss)
what is it? CC? treatment? |
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Definition
| lyme disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferii, treated with doxycycline, cefueroxime (Ceftin) or b-lactams. administered ~3-4 weeks |
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Term
-from tick bite
-symptoms: sustained fever, chills, headache, muscle pain
-distinctive red spotted rash within 2 to 4 days, spreads from extremities to trunk
-other manifestations: cardiovascular disruption, conditions of restlessness, delirium, convulsions, tremor, and coma
-20% mortality rate if untreated
VF: obligate intracellular pathogen, replicates in endothelial cells, can lead to kidney failure, GI problems, and heart complications
what is it? CC? treatment? |
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Definition
| Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, treated with tetracycline, limit tick exposure and proper removal/disinfection |
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Term
-tick bite disease
-symptoms: exact mimics of RMSF (headache, sustained fever, chills, muscle pain).. usually no rash because it doesn't infect the same cells)
CC: two dif species, HME and HGE, both are identical but they infect different immune cell types
what is it? CC? treatment? |
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Definition
Ehrlichiosis caused by E. chaffeiensis (human monocytic ehrlichia) or E. equi (human granulocytic ehrlichia)
treated with tetracycline, limit tick exposure and proper removal/disinfection |
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Term
caused by any animal wound, especially household pets
-hot, tight reddened inflammation 'underskin' lesions with occasional cluster of small papules, ~1-3 patients experience high fever
-may get to capillaries of lymphatics.. lymph nodes swell and can become pus filled
-often 'tracks' up vessels in limbs
-immunocomp risk systemic spread (bacillary angiomatosis: vascular proliferative disease aka blood blisters), bacillary peliosis hepatitis (blood-filled cavities in the liver), endocarditis
what is it? 2 common causes? treatment? |
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Definition
Cat-Scratch fever and Cat-Bite Cellulitis caused by..
C.S.Fev= Bartonella henselae
C.B.Cell= Pasterella multocida
treated: most infect. resolve without complications, some require antibiotics, immunocomp. need aggressive therapy |
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Term
CC: ?
-Cat scratch fever
-"gram negative bacilli
-Faculative INTRAcellular bacterium
-Helpful ID: very slow growth and very specific nutritional needs |
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Definition
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Term
CC?
-cat bite cellulitis
-PMT toxin- destroys connective tissue lloqing for invasion
-Helpful ID: FOUL pungent odor on a plate, Gram (-) coccobacilli with BIPOLAR staining.. resembles safety pins |
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Definition
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Term
-sore throat, high fever, lymphadenopathy
-also may exhibit gray-white exudates in the throat, skin rash, and enlarged spleen and liver
-sudden leukocytosis
-fatigue, risk of spleen damage/rupture
what is it? CC? Treatment? and potential reactivation of CC as what?? |
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Definition
| Infectious mononucleosis caused by Ebstein-Barr virus, potential reactivation and Burkitt's lymphoma (B-cell cancer), no treatment, avoid intimate contact and heavy exercise, rest |
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Term
begins with sudden high fever 4-7 days after mosquito bite
-flat red rash may appear over body, then a second rash that looks like measels later in the disease
-infected people may have increased skin sensitivity and are very uncomfortable.. ("bonebreak fever")
-Headache (especially under eyes), vomiting, fatigue, joint aches, muscle aches, swollen LN
-second or third time person gets it is the worst
What is it? caused by? |
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Definition
| Dengue fever caused by Dengue virus |
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Term
-spread via mosquitos
-cyclic fevers (fever chills fever chills), anemia, fatigue
-can cause neurological damage (high intracranial pressure) and abnormal posturing in children
-helpful appearance: "circles"-- ring form, Schizonts
what is it? caused by? treated with? |
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Definition
| Malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum (parasite), treated with antibiotics like Quinine or Cloraquin |
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