Second Industrial Revolution

Rapid growth in manufacturing and industries during the late 1800s.

Steel

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iron made stronger by heat and other metals.

Bessemer Process

A way to manufacture steel quickly and cheaply.

Pullman Car

Invented by George Pullman, sleeping car and lavatory.

Patent

An exclusive right to make or sell inventions. (TN: provides protection from people manufacturing their product

Moving assembly line

A method of production in which workers stay in one place as products edge along on a moving belt.

Mass production

Making large quantities of a product quickly and cheaply

Corporation

Business that sells portions of its ownership through stock

Stock

Share of ownership in a business.

Stockholders

A person who owns stock

Dividends

Shares of profit

Vertical Integration

Ownership of business involved in each step of the manufacturing process.

Horizontal Integration

Owning all businesses in a certain field.

Trust

A legal arrangement grouping together a number of companies under a single board of directors

Monopoly

Total ownership of a product or service.

Social Darwinism

Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection, “survival of the fittest”.

Philanthropy

Giving money to charities.

Sherman Antitrust Act

a law that made it illegal to create monopolies or trusts that restrained trade.

Moving assembly line

Workers stay in one place as products edge along on a moving belt. 

Sweatshop

A workplace where people labor long hours in poor conditions for low pay.

Union

Workers who have band together to achieve common goals.

Strike

Refusal of workers to do their jobs until demands are met.

Trade Union

A union of persons working in the same trade.

Strikebreakers

Replacements for striking workers

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

150 Mostly Women died in this sweatshop

Knights of Labor

A union opened to such groups as women, unskilled workers, and African Americans.

American Federation of Labor

A union opened to skilled workers only!