Term
| In what modern day country is the Indus River located? |
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Definition
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Term
| What geographical feature aided the movement of people and goods through the mountain ranges of the Indian subcontinent? |
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Definition
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Term
| What geographic fature islolated South Asia from the rest of Asia? |
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Definition
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Term
| Near what river did the earliest civilization develop? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is India's most sacred river? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many official languages are recognized in India? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro? |
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Definition
| major cities of the Indus River civilization |
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Term
| Explain how the Indus River civilization exhibited a high degree of urban planning. |
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Definition
| checkerboard streets, extensive sewer system, separation of work and home in cities |
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Term
| Explain how the Aryans shaped Indian culture. (Ex: Brought Sanskrit) |
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Definition
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| What is the name of the language created by the Aryans? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Hindu religious text: a collection of odes (Aryans) |
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Term
| Sikhs follow a mexture of the religions of ___ and ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| What value is emphasized by Jains? |
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Definition
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Term
| Shiva is the ___ and Bhrama is the creator. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Brahman? (not the caste) |
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Definition
| the supreme universal force (not tangible) |
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Term
| What are the three aspects of the Brahman? |
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Definition
Bhrama- creator
Vishnu- protector, preserver, love
Shiva- destroyer, absorber |
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Definition
| the collection of actions in your life that determines how you're going to be reborn |
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Definition
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Definition
| the ultimate goal to be one with Brahman and free from rebirth |
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Definition
| Hindu religious text: interpretation of Vedas (priests) |
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Term
| Name 3 Hindu religious texts. |
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Definition
| Vedas, Upanishads, Mahabharata, Ramayana |
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Term
| Explains the ways Hindus worship. |
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Definition
at home: prayer, meditation, offerings
temple: prayer, religious ceremonies |
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Term
| What is similar about Hinduism and Buddhism? Name 3 things. |
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Definition
| salvation is achieved when soul is freed, karma, reincarnation |
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Term
| How do Hinduism and Buddhism differ? |
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Definition
| multiple gods, priests, caste system |
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Term
| Name the four groups in India's traditional caste system in order according to rank. |
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Definition
Bhraman- priests and scholars
Kahatrigas- warriors and rulers
Vaishyas- land owners and merchants
Shudra- peasants and artisans |
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Term
| In traditional India, how were untouchables separated from the rest of India? |
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Definition
| marriage, food//living quarters, occupation |
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Term
| Explain how the treatment of untouchables has changed today. |
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Definition
new constitution: outlawed untouchability
untouchability act: end discrimination
quota system: seats in university and government |
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Term
| What did Gandhi call the untouchables? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 3 ways castes were separated from one another. |
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Definition
| marriage, food/living quarters, occupation |
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Term
| Why is one caste above another? In other words, their rank is determined by ___? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the role of the panchayat in the caste system? |
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Definition
| to punish people who broke their caste rules (group of elders) |
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Term
| How does the concept of karma and reincarnation relate to the caste system? |
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Definition
| a person's caste is a result of karma |
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Definition
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Term
| Why was Emperor Asoka influential in India and worldwide? Name 2 reasons. |
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Definition
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Term
| Why was the Gupta Empire considered India's golden age? |
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Definition
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Term
| What religion did the Mughals bring to India? |
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Definition
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Term
| What language developed in India during Mughal rule that is still spoken in Pakistan today? (A mix of Hindi, Arabic, and Persian) |
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Definition
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Term
| Why was Akbar an important leader in India? |
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Definition
| He showed tolerance towards Hindus: ended destruction of Hindu temples |
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Term
| How did Hindu and Muslim beliefs differ? |
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Definition
| number of gods, equality among people, ways for prayer, sacred animal |
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Term
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Definition
| princes that headed the small states that broke away from the Mughal empire |
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Term
| How did the maharajah help increase the power of the British East India Company in India? |
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Definition
| made treaties with the BEIC to protect their independence |
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Term
| Name 3 divisions in India which aided the British takeover of the region. |
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Definition
| caste system, religion, regional loyalties |
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Term
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Definition
| Indian troops that served the British army |
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Term
| Why did the Indians revolt in Sepoy Mutiny? (Explain both the long term and short term cause.) |
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Definition
| Indian industry declined, outlaw of Hindu practices, traveling overseas, keg grease with pork and beef fat |
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Term
| Name 2 reasons the Sepoy Mutiny failed. |
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Definition
| lack of unity among Indians, some Indians wanted the British to stay |
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Term
| After Britain crushed the Sepoy Mutiny, what change did they make in their relationship with India? |
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Definition
| made India a colony of Britain, reformed laws, controlled the court system, exiled the Mughal emperor |
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Term
| Name 2 economic changes that resulted from British rule. |
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Definition
| Indian industries declined, had to buy expensive British made goods |
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Term
| Name 4 social changes that resulted from British rule. |
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Definition
| improved health care, sanitary conditions, schools and colleges, British educated middle class |
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Term
| Name 2 organizations that fought for India's independence. |
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Definition
| Indian National Congress, Muslim League |
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Term
| Jinnah was the leader of ___ (organization) during the independence movement and the first leader of ___ (country) after independence. |
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Definition
| Muslim League... Pakistan |
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Term
| What tragic event took place in Amritsar in 1919? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happened to Gandhi on a train in South Africa? |
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Definition
| He was kicked off the train |
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Term
| How did Gandhi lead a protest against the British monopoly on salt? |
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Definition
| a boycott on salt: Salt March |
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Term
| Besides the Salt March, name 3 non-violent methods of protest used by Indians against the British. |
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Definition
| strikes, boycotts, not paying taxes, fasting, marches |
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Term
| Define civil disobedience. |
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Definition
| to disobey an unjust law, to continue to confront your oppressor |
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Term
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Definition
| a Tamil extremist- angry at the Indian government |
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Term
| Upon independence, why was India split into India and Pakistan? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was the first prime minister of an interdependent India? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were Nehru's goals for India's economy? |
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Definition
| make the country self-sufficient |
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Term
| Explain India's policy of non-alignment in the Cold War. |
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Definition
| non-alignment: did not support either side, but accepted aid from both sides |
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Term
| Whose daughter was Indira Gandhi? |
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Definition
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Term
| How did Indira Gandhi react when the high court banner her from office for 6 years? |
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Definition
| declared a state of emergency: censored press, jailed opponents, cancelled elections |
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Term
| Why was Indira Gandhi assassinated? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why was Rajiv Gandhi killed? |
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Definition
| Tamil Hindus wanted to form own country.. same as Gandhi |
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Term
| What right have women gained in India since independence? |
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Definition
| right to: vote, own property, divorce, remarry |
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Term
| What was the Green Revolution? |
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Definition
| to make the country agriculturally self sufficient |
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Term
| Name 2 divisions that existed between East and West Pakistan. |
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Definition
| culture, natural disaster |
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Term
| Bangladesh was formerly known as ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| What country helped East Pakistan break away from West Pakistan? |
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Definition
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Term
| What former Prime Minister was recently assassinated in Pakistan? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who took power in Pakistan through a coup in 1999? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is the US concerned about maintaining political stability in Pakistan? |
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Definition
| Taliban (extremist terrorists could obtain nuclear weapons as well) |
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Term
| Name the reasons Pakistan has close ties to the Middle East. |
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Definition
| geography, culture, aided by ME, earnings from working in ME |
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Term
| What happened when India gained its independence that caused conflict in Kashmir? |
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Definition
| ruled by a Hindu prince, most people were Muslim |
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Term
| Explain why India doesn't want Kashmir to have its independence or become part of Pakistan. |
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Definition
| unwilling to give up territory |
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Term
| Why won't India hold a plebiscite in Kashmir? |
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Definition
| Pakistan will win because the state is mostly Muslim |
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Term
| Why does Pakistan want to control Kashmir? |
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Definition
| strategically borders China, India and Pakistan |
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Term
| Why did Hindus destroy a Muslim mosque in 1992? |
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Definition
| believed it was the birthplace of Rama |
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Term
| Who did India blame for an attack on its Parliament in 2001? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 2 examples of recent violence between Hindus and Muslims in India. |
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Definition
1992: Hindus destroyed mosque
2002: Muslims attacked a train of Hindus |
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Term
| Why do the Tamil want to create a separate country in Sri Lanka? |
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Definition
| discrimination: jobs, education, land ownership |
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