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Definition
| All structures and cells involved in providing protection; modulated by cytokines and helper T cells. |
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Definition
| protect against foreign entities, stimulate an immune response (antigens), inflammation (response of tissue to injury) |
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| lymphocyte, cellualr response. ARMY of cells, must be in contact with cells carrying antigen.produced in BONE Marrow. differentiate in thymus |
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Definition
| release cytotoxic substances into foreign cells (kills them) |
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Definition
| help activate cytotoxic cells and B cells |
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| Humoral Antibody componenet of specific immune response |
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Definition
| Achieved by the response of one's OWN immune system (natural or vacc.) |
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Definition
| temporay immunity achieved by tghe transfer of immunoglobins or T cells.. AIDS |
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Definition
| when antibodies are available for a particular antigen. Can be obtained natuarlly (chkn pox) or via vaccination (tetanus). |
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Definition
| The immune systems response to a foreign substance. The immune system produces antibodies to fight the foreign substance AND retains the memory of the substance. The substance is usually a killed or modified version. Vaccines train the animal to produce antigens prior to REAL exposure. |
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Definition
| Chemical substances that are produced by ductless glands; released into the blood stream; carried troughout the body and produce specific regulatory effects. |
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Definition
| hormone travels via the blood to target organ |
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Definition
| hormone travels to exterior body to react with target organ-pheromones. |
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Definition
| Travels between the cells and is carried by interstitial fluid to the target organ. |
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Definition
| Hormones diffuse through synaptical clefts. |
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Definition
| hormones pass through gap junctions (between) cells and alters functions of adjacent cells |
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Definition
| produced by the cell that affects said cell |
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Definition
| receptors in cell membrane, proteins. Binding triggers series of events in target cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Made up of cholesterol, 4 ring; Lipid Soluble; receptors are located in cytosol or nucleus of target cell; BINDING triggers transcription of DNA-mRNA production. |
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Definition
| Contains hormones that affect many organs in a variety of systems. Anterior Lobe: Epithelial tissue; Poterior Lobe: Neural Tissue. |
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Definition
| Anterior Pituitary; Stimualtes changes in target organs that support growth. Stimulated by GHRH from hypothalmus. |
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Definition
| Anterior Pituitary; Stimulates release of hormones from adrenal gland. Corticosteroids (adrenal cortex) are associated with fight or flight. Receptive by most organs; Stimulted by CRH from the hypothalmus. |
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Definition
| regulate MALE and FEMALE repro; most repro organs have LH and FSH receptors; stimulated by GnRH from hypothalmus. |
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Definition
| ADH; kidney function-water retention |
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Definition
| involved with smooth muscle contraction. |
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Definition
| Adrenal Cortex; cortisol; enhance the production or glucose. |
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Definition
| Adrenal Cortex; regulates NA and K blood levels |
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Definition
| Adrenal Medulla; variety of functions, but mostly prepare to fight or flight. |
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Definition
| TRH from hypothalmus; TSH from anterior pituitary; T3 and T4 contain iodine & are from thyroid. |
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Definition
| incease BMR- increased oxygen consumptiom and heat production. |
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Definition
| increase blood Ca and decrease blood P; stimulates release of Ca and P from bones; increase excretion of P in urine; formation of vitamin D in kidney. |
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Definition
| secretes insulin and glucagon and somatostatin (slows mobilization and production of nutrients). |
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Definition
| decreases blood glucose by stimualting glucose uptake into tissues |
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Definition
| increase the blood glucose |
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Definition
| Leptin and Adiponectin; maintain weight |
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Term
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Definition
| non-classical hormones; hormone-like-act as chemical messengers. |
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Definition
| produced in almost all tissues; used to initiate new extrous cycle; mediate inflammatory response; inhibit blood flow to stomach and kidneys. |
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Definition
| ruminants & hippo & kangaroo; |
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Definition
| grinds & mixes food with saliva; |
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Definition
| bone covered by mucous membrance |
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Definition
| musculomucosal tissue that continues to the epiglottis base; horses=long-cannot be lifted. |
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Definition
| common passageway for air and food; musicle directs food and liquid to esophagus and air to larynx |
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Definition
| lining of stratified squamous epithelium; contract esophageal muscles; LEFT side of trachea. |
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Definition
| simple stomach (horse & pig); regions-cardia, fundus, esophageal, pyloric; |
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Definition
| muscle forms gastroesophageal sphincter; well-developed in horse. |
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Definition
| bulge near cardia; stores undigested food |
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Definition
| Pylorus; sphinter that regulates outflow to SI |
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Definition
| Rumen, Reticulum, Omasum (rumenoreticulum) |
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Definition
| mucosa created folds that extend to abomasum |
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Definition
| mucosa created folds that extend to abomasum; divides reticulum and rumen. |
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Definition
| TRUE glandular stomach; chemical digestion. |
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Definition
| crainal part; honeycomb;germentation; diaphragm is only division to heart. |
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Definition
| takes up left side of abdominal cavity-fermentation |
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Term
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Definition
| pages of book, papillae lined; small particles pass to abomasum-larger return to reticulum. H20 absoprtion |
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Term
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Definition
| D, J (supply messemtaries), I (lymph nodule). site for chemical digestion and absorption. |
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Term
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Definition
| vary among species, cecum (appendix), colon. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ascending, Transverse, Descending. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process by which molecules are transpoprted from the D.Tract, via intestinal cells and enter the vascular or lymph systems. |
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Term
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Definition
| process by which feed particles are reduced to molecules so they can enter the body. |
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Term
| Mechanical Action of Digestion |
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Definition
| chewing and gut motility; large particles; increase SA for enzymatic digestion |
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Term
| Chemical Action of Digestion |
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Definition
| acidic breakdown of food; medium-sized particles, increase SA for enzymatic digestion. |
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Term
| Digestive Tract functions |
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Definition
| ingestion, mastication, digestion, absorption, elimination |
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Term
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Definition
| alternating contraction/relaxing (wave) |
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Definition
| Mix ingesta with gastric juice--> mechanical digestion--> control passage of digesta into duodenum. HCl, Pepsin, Mucus. |
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Term
| Functions of Renal System |
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Definition
| Maintains body internal salt and water balance; maintains electrolyte, acid, and base balance; excretes metabolic waste products in the urine. |
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Term
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Definition
| fluid volume and composition, fluid osmolarity and pH, body metabolites and excretion, Urea, PRODUCE Vit. D and erythropoietin. |
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Definition
| Functional Unit; Filters blood, excretes urine; made of renal corpuscule and renal tubule. |
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Definition
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Definition
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| Blood Filtration--> Urine |
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Definition
| Fluid from proximal tubule Descends loop of Henle --> thin segment of ascending limb of Henle --> thick segment --> corticle collecting duct --> outer medullary collecting duct --> inner medullary collecting duct --> Urine. |
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Term
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Definition
| maintains blood pressure in the renal system; maintains blood volume; stimualtes aldosterone. |
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Definition
| Hormone in renal system; promotes secretion of K, reabsorbs Na & H20. |
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Term
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Definition
| High amounts of glucose in plasma and glomerular filtrate; Glucose stays in tubules and collecting ducts; |
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Term
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Definition
| Gradual Loss of the Kidney's ability to filter water and fluids from the blood-Dialysis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Produced by CL of Ovary, placenta, and adrenal cortex; stimulates oviduct. |
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Term
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Definition
| Oocyte is released and swept into uterine tubes--> Requires LH fo the follicals to cont to grow and regress through avarian cycle. |
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Term
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Definition
| interval between the beginning of one esTRUS and to the beginning of the next. |
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Term
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Definition
| In Heat; Sexually receptive; NEar Ovulation time; Varies. |
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Definition
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Definition
| acts on interstital cells to promote the secretion of testosterone |
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Term
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Definition
| promotes developmetn and function of male accessory sex organs |
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Term
| Epitheliochorial Placenta |
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Definition
| chorian had direct contact with uterus (most dom. animalia) |
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Term
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Definition
| fetal vessels in pools of maternal blood (humans and rodents) |
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Term
| endotheliochorial placenta |
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Definition
| chorion has direct contact with uterus blood vessels (carnivores) |
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Term
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Definition
| Milk is produced by epithelial cells of alveolia of the mamary gland (modified sweat gland). Secretory droplets formed in cells-milk proteins and lactose form micelles. Then released into lumen by exocytosis.Promotes by prolaction ( enzyme activation) and oxytocin (alveoli contraction). |
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Term
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Definition
| Body's maintenance of a consistant internal environment. Required by every chemical reaction in the body. |
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Term
| Renal Blood pH Regulation |
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Definition
| regulation of H+ concentrations. H+ is secreted into urine (acidifies) by exchanges-NAH P, HATPASE-DC, H/K collects. |
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Term
| Respiratory Blood pH Regulation |
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Definition
| excretes co2 which increases respiratory rate and increases expiration. pH is also excreted. |
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Term
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Definition
| Respiatory Acidosis: High CO2;; Respiratory Alkadosis: Low CO2. |
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Term
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Definition
| transfer of heat thru no contact |
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Term
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Definition
| transfer of heat through contact |
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Term
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Definition
| transfer of heat through liquid or gas |
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Term
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Definition
| the loss of heat via liquid turning to vapor. |
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Definition
| Your body temperatures comfort zone. Results in a change in metabolism. Varies by animals and hair coat. |
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Term
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Definition
| curl up, fur insulation, vasoconstriction, shivering, brown fat. |
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