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an inanimate object (as a dish, toy, book, doorknob, or clothing) that may be contaminated with infectious organisms and serve in their transmission |
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Spread from one person or organism to another by direct or indirect contact. |
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not capable of being passed on |
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inanimate object used to transmit a pathogen |
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Place in Enviroment where a Disease is maintained. |
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An asymptomatic person or animal harboring the pathogen, and acts as avector transmitting the pathogen to others. |
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| rate of occurrence of an event; number of new cases of disease occuring over a specified period of time; may be expressed per a known population size |
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| infections and disease occuring randomly throughout a population |
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| a disease occuring suddenly in numbers far exceeding those attributable to endemic disease; occuring suddenly in numbers clearly in access of normal expectancy |
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| a disease or pathogen present or usually prevalent in a given population or geographic region at all times |
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| a widespread epidemic distributed or occuring widely throughout a region, country, continent, or globally |
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A disease that can be transmitted to humans from animals. |
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| microscopic, normal flora |
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| A property of microorganisms which enables one microorganism to kill, injure, or inhibit the growth of a different microorganism. |
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| a relationship in which two dissimilar organisms (symbiotes, symbionts) live in close association with one another |
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| mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship between two species |
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| a relationship between two species in which one benefits (parasite) from the other (host); usually involves some detriment to the host |
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| a relationship between two species (commensals) in which one is benefited and the other is not affected, neither negatively nor positively |
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| an organism (animal or plant) that harbors or provides nutrition for another organism |
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| The chain of transmission is a way of gathering the information needed to interrupt or prevent an epidemic. Each of the links in the chain must be favorable to the organism for the epidemic to continue. |
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| The science of the causes and effects of diseases |
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| the i) colonization and/or invasion and ii) multiplication of pathogenic microrganisms in thehost with or without the manifestation of disease |
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(i) Evidence that the causative agent is always present when the specific disease is present
(ii) Successful isolation of the causative agent in pure culture
(iii) Ability of pure-cultures of the organism to cause disease in a healthy organism
(iv) Successful isolation of the causative agent from the experimentally infected host |
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| Exceptions to the Koch postulates |
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Definition
There may exist more than one cause of a specific disease
(ii) It might not be possible to grow the causative agent in pure culture
(iii) There might not exist a suitable experimental host
(iv) The disease might result from more than one causative agent acting in unison |
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| a measure of pathogenicity; a measurement of the degree of disease producing ability of a microorganism as indicated by the severity of the disease produced; |
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| the quality of producing or the ability to produce pathologic changes or disease |
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Subjective evidence of disease as reported by the patient (host).
Animals cannot have symptoms because they cannot talk. |
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| latent period between the time that infecting organisms enter the host and onset of signs and symptoms of disease |
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| gradual healing (through rest) after sickness or injury |
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| Collection of signs and symptoms characterizing a particular morbidity |
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| any disease that is required by law to be reported to government authorities |
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| round, clusters, Gram positive |
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| round, chains, Gram positive |
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| Rod, individual, Gram positive |
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Gram negative round cluster
(diplococci) |
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