Term
| white blood cells include |
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Definition
| Neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, B lymphocytes (B cells), T lymphocytes (T cells) |
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Term
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Definition
Thymus
Lymph, lymphatics, and lymph nodes
Liver
Spleen
Peyer patches |
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Term
| Operational at all times, whether or not a pathogen is present |
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Definition
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Term
| innnate immunity includes |
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Definition
| anatomic and physiologic barriers, inflammatory response, and the ability of certain cells to phagocytose foreign invaders |
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Term
| Sweat glands secrete lysozyme which is an |
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Definition
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Term
| Acidic gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) systems inhibit growth of |
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Definition
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Term
| Secretions from the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts contain the antibody |
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Definition
| IgA, as well as phagocytes |
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Term
| Surfaces colonized by _ prevents pathogens from attaching/gaining access to the body |
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Definition
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Term
| inflammation and is recognized by |
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Definition
| rubor (redness), tumor (swelling), calor (heat), and dolor (pain) at the site of injury or infection |
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Term
| The process of ingesting and digesting invading pathogens, dead cells, and cellular debris |
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Definition
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Term
| Specific to particular pathogen: activated only when needed |
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Definition
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Term
| person synthesizes own antibodies in response to pathogen |
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Definition
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Term
| antibody produced by person or animal is transferred to another person |
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Definition
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Term
| Aimed at intracellular defects caused by viruses and cancer |
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Definition
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Term
| Cell-mediated immunity responsible for |
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Definition
| hypersensitivity reactions and rejection of transplanted tissue |
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Term
| examples of autoimmmune diseases |
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Definition
| idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), acute rheumatic fever, DM I, systemic lupus erythematosus, RA, Graves’ disease, and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis |
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Term
| occur when there’s a breakdown of tolerance; immune system identifies its own proteins as foreign, & mounts a response to destroy these self-proteins |
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Definition
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Term
| Complications of Bone Marrow Transplants |
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Definition
Infection
Thrombocytopenia
Renal insufficiency
Hepatic-venoocclusive disease
Graft-versus-host disease |
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Term
| Total number of neutrophils abnormally low, increasing risk of infection |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| decreased bone marrow production, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, certain drugs or an autoimmune reaction |
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Term
| Common sites of infection of neutropenia |
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Definition
| lung, blood, skin, urinary tract, gastrointestinal tract |
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Term
| Cancer of the lymph system, more common in older people |
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Definition
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Term
| Medical treatment of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma |
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Definition
| : radiation therapy, chemotherapy, bone marrow transplant or peripheral blood stem cell transplant |
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Term
| Lymphoma, characterized by Reed-Sternberg cells in the lymph nodes |
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Definition
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Term
| Hodgkin’s Disease ; incidence highest for people in their |
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Definition
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Term
| Hodgkin’s Disease Medical treatment: |
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Definition
| radiation therapy, chemotherapy, bone marrow transplant or peripheral blood stem cell transplant |
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Term
| Cancer of the white blood cells: bone marrow produces too many immature white blood cells |
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Definition
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Term
| factors that may cause leukemia |
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Definition
| exposure to large doses of ionizing radiation or exposure to certain chemicals such as benzene(a compound found in gasoline) |
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Term
| Two main types of leukemia |
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Definition
| myelogenous and lymphocytic |
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Term
| Chronic leukemia usually treated with |
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Definition
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Term
| Occurs most often in adults, WBC increases over months/years |
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Definition
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Term
| CML is treated with _ with a life expectancy of _ years (or longer) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Signs and symptoms of acute leukemia |
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Definition
Fevers and night sweats
Fatigue, paleness, tachycardia, and tachypnea
Petechiae or purpura, epistaxis, gingival bleeding, melena, or menorrhagia
Weight loss and swollen lymph nodes |
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Term
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Definition
Signs or symptoms of infection
Complete vital signs every 4 hours
If sputum, note the amount and color
Skin for reddened, swollen, painful, or draining areas
Inspect the mouth and pharynx for reddened, swollen, painful, or draining areas
Assess for any evidence of bleeding
Petechiae, purpura, or ecchymoses
Perform a guaiac test |
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Term
| Exaggerated immune responses that can be uncomfortable and harmful to the patient |
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Definition
| Hypersensitivity Reactions |
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Term
| Four types of hypersensitivity reactions, classified according to the |
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Definition
| time between exposure and reaction, immune mechanism involved, and site of reaction |
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Term
| Immediate hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by IgE reacting to common allergens, |
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Definition
| type 1 hypersensitivity reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| dust, pollen, animal dander, insect stings, or various drugs |
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Term
| local type 1 hypersensitivity reaction results in |
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Definition
| local swelling and discomfort |
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Term
| systemic type 1 hypersensitivity reaction results in |
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Definition
| anaphylaxis and possible death if not recognized and treated promptly |
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Term
| Immediate hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by antibody reactions |
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Definition
| type 2 hypersensitivity reaction |
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Term
| type 2 hypersensitivity reaciton can occure with |
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Definition
| mismatched blood transfusion or as a respons to various drugs |
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Term
| Immediate hypersensitivity reactions result in tissue damage resulting from precipitation of antigen-antibody immune complexes |
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Definition
| type 3 hypersensetivity reaction |
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Term
| hyupersensitivity reaction type 3 can occur wiht |
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Definition
| autoimmune reactions, some occupational diseases, or as response to various drugs |
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Term
| Delayed hypersensitivity reactions result from immune cells migrating to the site of exposure days after the exposure to the antigen |
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Definition
| type 4 hypersensitivity reactions |
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Term
| Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) |
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Definition
| IgG mistakenly helps destroy patient’s platelets |
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Term
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Definition
| sulfonamides, thiazide diuretics, chlorpropamide, quinidine, and gold. |
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Term
| Patients with HIV are at increased risk for developing |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| steroids and intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) |
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Term
| Exaggerated immunologic response to vessel injury that results in extensive clot formation and decreased blood flow to the site |
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Definition
| Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) |
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Term
| Patients critically ill with Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) develop |
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Definition
| fever, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, renal impairment, and neurologic symptoms |
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Term
| the main treatment of TTP |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| steroids, antiplatelet agents (e.g., aspirin, dipyridamole, Persantine), splenectomy, or all three |
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Term
| Several newer drugs target the T cells while preserving B cell function and thus more of the patient’s immune function |
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Definition
| Tacrolimus (Prograf), antilymphocyte globulin, antithymocyte globulin, and murine monoclonal antibody to CD3 (OKT3) |
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Term
| because the pt with neutropenia do not have the adequate numbers of WBCs to mount an immunologic respons _ may not be present |
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Definition
| classic signs of infection |
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Term
| in the neutropenic pt _ may be the only sign of infection |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| low, intermediate or high grade |
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Term
| the higher grade of lymphoma the |
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Definition
| more aggressive the cancer |
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Term
| some late affects caused by treatemnt of hodgkin lymphoma |
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Definition
| various cancers, infections, infertility and hypogonadism |
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Term
| types of chronic leukemias |
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Definition
| chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic lymphoctytic leukemia |
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Term
| patient's being treated for chronic leukemia genrally feel |
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Definition
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Term
| a protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets the leukemic cells while sparing normal cells (oral medication, taken once a day) |
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Definition
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Term
| after the inital high does of chemotherpay called _ patients with ALL take lower doses of chemotherapy called _ for 1 to 3 years |
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Definition
| induction therapy, maintenence therapy |
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Term
| inidviduals with type 1 hypersensitivity reacion can experience |
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Definition
| airway obstruction, pulmonary congestion, peripheral edema, hypotension, shock, circulatory collapse |
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Term
| prompt diagnosis and treatment of anaphylaxis with _ are of paramount importance |
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Definition
| epinephrine, antihistamines, steroids |
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Term
| transplanted graft rejection occurs because of a type of |
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Definition
| type 4 hypersensitivity reacion |
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Term
| adult patient swith ITP commonly sequester platelets in the _ and so _ may be done to remove this storehousem thereby increasing the circualting blood levels of platelets |
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Definition
|
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Term
| immunosuppressive therayp with cytotoxic drugs such as _ can be used in patients who do not respond to splenectomy to treate idopathic throbocytopenic purpura |
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Definition
| cyclophsphamide or azathioprine |
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Term
| drugs that boost platelet prodcution include the thrombopoietin receptor agonists |
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Definition
| romiplostim (nplate) and eltrombopag |
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Term
| caused by antibodies that block the activity of an enzyme that is involved in blood clotting |
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Definition
| acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura |
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Term
| factors that may trigger TTP |
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Definition
| conditions, medical procedures, some drugs |
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Term
| conditions that may trigger ttp |
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Definition
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Term
| drugs that may trigger TTP |
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Definition
| ticlopidine, clopidogrem chemotherapy, hormone therpay |
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Term
| patient's blood is centrifuged in an apheresis machine that separates the components so that the plasma can be selectively removed, the patiten'ts own WBCs, RBCs and plts are reinfused during the treatment |
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Definition
|
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Term
| during plasmapheresis critically ill patients can become _ and will need close monitoring and timely interventions to maintian cardiac output and blodo pressure |
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Definition
|
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Term
| drug therapy for TTP also includes |
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Definition
| vincristine, rituximab, cyclosporine |
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