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Immunity
Immune System
64
Science
Undergraduate 2
04/07/2012

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Term
Innate immunity
Definition
Immunity you are born with
Term
Adaptive Immunity (Specific Immunity)
Definition
Acquired through exposure to pathogens, viruses or parasites
Term
Eyes
Definition
Tears
Term
Lymph nodes
Definition

Macrophages

Natural killer cells

Term
Blood
Definition
Leucocytes
Term
Spleen
Definition

Macrophages

Natural killer cells

Term
Urogenital tract
Definition

Flushing of urine

Acidity of urine

Term
Inguinal lymph nodes
Definition
Resident and recirculating macrophages
Term
Bone marrow
Definition
Macrophages
Term
Respiratory tract
Definition

Mucus

Cilia

Alveolar

Macrophages

Term
Liver
Definition
Kupffer cells
Term
Digestive system
Definition

Gastric acid

Bile

Enzymes

Mucus

Normal flora

Term
Connective tissue
Definition
Macrophages
Term
Skin
Definition
Barrier
Term
First line of defence
Definition

Mechanical barriers

Chemical mediators

Term
Second line of defence
Definition

Inflammatory response

Phagocytosis

Term
Third line of defence
Definition
Specific immune responses
Term
Phagocytes
Definition

Consume other cells or foreign substances

Engulf pathogens and debris

Consist of neutrophils and monocytes

Term
Neutrophils
Definition
First line defenders of the immune system and move rapidly to site of infection in large numbers
Term
Monocytes
Definition
Circulate in blood for about 3 days and when they migrate to tissues they become macrophages
Term
Macrophages and monocytes
Definition
Mononuclear phagocyte system
Term
Natural killer cells
Definition
Recognize and eliminate cells infected with viruses and abnormal host cells, specifically cancer cells
Term
Natural killer cells
Definition
Derived from lymphocytes
Term
Natural killer cells
Definition
Can kill cells that are abnormal without the need for recognition via adaptive immunity
Bind to target cells through activating receptors and produce several molecules that kill the target
Term
Cytokines
Definition
Molecules that affect other cells
Interleukins and interferons
Term
Interferons
Definition
Protect against viral infection
Macrophages and other cells produce interferon alpha and interferon beta
Interferon alpha and beta induce production of antiviral proteins
Interferon gamma enhances inflammatory response
Facilitates development of acquired immune response against viral antigens on infected cells
Term
Adaptive immunity
Definition
Third line of defence
Specific and has memory
Term
Antigens - MHC Class 1
Definition
Found on all cells in the body with a nucleus
Can inform immune system if they are infected or cancerous
Term
Antigens - MHC Class 2
Definition
Found on cells that aid immune system to recognize what is foreign
Term
Antigens
Definition
Substances that determine whether an immune response will be needed
Term
Lymphocytes - B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, natural killer cells
Definition
Specific recognition of antigens
B lymphocytes: mediators of humoral immunity
T lymphocytes: mediators of cell mediated immunity
Natural killer cells: cells of innate immunity
Term
Antigen presenting cells - dendritic cells, macrophages, follicular dendritic cells
Definition
Capture of antigens for display to lymphocytes
Dendritic cells - initiation of T cell responses
Macrophages - initiation and effector phase
Follicular dendritic cells - display of antigens to B lymphocytes in humoral immune response
Term
Effector cells - T lymphocytes, macrophages, graulocytes
Definition
Elimination of antigens
T lymphocytes - helper T cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes
Macrophages & monocytes - cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system
Granulocytes - neutrophils, eosinophils
Term
Lymphocytes
Definition
Produced from stem cells in the bone marrow
Term
B Lymphocyte
Definition
Produce antibodies that enter blood and react with antigen
Term
T Lymphocyte
Definition
Attack the antigen directly
Term
B lymphocyte
Definition
Circulate through bone marrow where they are exposed to hormones without the presence of antigen
Induce proliferation and differentiation into B cells
Respond only to one specific antigen
Exit bone marrow and move to lymphoid organs to mature
Once exposed to an antigen they differentiate into plasma cells and memory cells
Term
Plasma cells
Definition
Fully differentiated B cells
Secrete antibodies which bind to antigens to produce an immune response
Term
Memory cells
Definition
Long living cells that remain inactive until subsequent exposure to the same antigen
Term
Regulatory T cells
Definition
Regulate T cell immunity
Term
Cytotoxic T cells
Definition
Directly attack antigen cells
Term
Helper T cells
Definition
Assist the activation of B and T cells
Term
Humoral Immunity
Definition
Antibodies responsible for protection against bacteria and viruses. Refers to production and secretion of antibodies that circulate in body fluids
Term
Cell Mediated Immunity
Definition
Subpopulations of T cells that aid in immune response as the response is carried out by cells
Term
Antibodies
Definition
Immunoglobulins (Ig)
Protein compounds found in body fluids that are produced by mature B cells (plasma cells) in response to an antigen
Term
IgG
Definition
Most abundant
Found in blood of fetus and newborn
Term
IgA
Definition
Found in blood and body fluids
Prevents infectious microorganisms from attaching to epithelial barriers
Term
IgM
Definition
Found in blood
First antibody produced during initial primary response to an antigen
Term
IgD
Definition
Found in low concentrations in the blood
Functions as an antigen receptor on the surface of early B cells
Term
IgE
Definition
Found in low concentrations in the circulation
Specialized functions as mediator of allergic responses and in defense against parasitic infections
Term
Neutralisation
Definition
Inactivation or blocking binding of antigen to receptors
Term
Agglutination
Definition
Clumping insoluble particles that are in suspension
Term
Precipitation
Definition
Making a soluble antigen into an insoluble precipitate
Term
Memory cells
Definition
Induce secondary immune response
Term
Macrophages
Definition
Secrete cytokines that activate or signal other cells
Term
Cytotoxic T cells
Definition
Attack antigens directly and destroy cells with foreign antigens
Term
Helper T cells
Definition
Control both cell mediated and humoral responses
Term
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes
Definition
Responsible for cell mediated destruction of tumor cells or cells infected with viruses
Term
Regulatory T lymphocytes
Definition
Control immune responses
Term
Helper T lymphocytes
Definition
Interact with antigen presenting cells through a variety of antigen specific and antigen independent mechanisms
Term
Active natural immunity
Definition
Contact with infection
Term
Active artificial immunity
Definition
Immunization
Term
Passive natural immunity
Definition
Transplacental
Term
Passive artificial immunity
Definition
Injection of gamma globulin
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