Term
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Definition
| The cell meditated or cellular immune response |
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Term
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Definition
- CD4 Receptor recognizes MHC Class II (not sick)
- Th (Helper) cells stimulate other cells into action
- Macrophages
- B Cells
- CD8 T cells
- CD4 checks CD8
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Term
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Definition
- CD4 T cell is presented antigen from APC
- CD4 T cell activates
- CD4 T cell finds target capable of responding to the antigent and encourages them into activity and to proliferate (multiply)
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Term
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Definition
- CD8 receptor recognizes MHC Class I (sick)
- Tc, killer, cytotoxic cells
- Destroy damaged or infected cells with granule release
- no harm to innocent bystanders
- Targets virally-infected cells, cancerous cells, and grafted cells (organ transplant rejection)
- specific for one antigen
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Term
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Definition
- CD8 T cell is presented antigen from APC
- CD8 T cell is activated
- leave lumph node to search for entities bearing that antigen
- Kill with granules: Granzyme and Perforin
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Term
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Definition
- unactivated
- needs to be activated by APC
- once activated they become plasma cells
- plasma cells produce antibodies
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Term
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Definition
- B cells collect antigen from their surroundings and process them internally
- Antigens are displayed on the surface of the B cell complexed with MHC class II
- An antigen-speicific CD4 T cell recognizes the antigen
- The CD4 T cell stimulates the B cell bearing the antigen
- Once B cell is activated it can make antibodies only after it has been double checked by CD4
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Term
| What are the three functions that antibodies have? |
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Definition
- Opsonization
- Agglutination
- Neutralization of toxins
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Term
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Definition
| makes microbe more susceptible to phagocytosis by encouraging the macrophage to eat more |
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Term
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Definition
swamps the microbe in antibodies and renders it dysfunctional. It activates complement and once covered complement attacks it by making holes in the membrane (membrane attack complexes MAC)
- poking holes prevents it from docking on target cells |
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Term
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Definition
| neutrophils aid the neutralization of toxins |
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Term
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Definition
- Y-shaped
- Binding regions= variable (v) regions
- can make an infinite number of variable regions which allows each B cell to be specific
- Structural regions= constant (c) regions
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Term
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Definition
- most prevalent antibody in circulation
- only antibody that can cross placenta
- very versatile and carries out all functions possible for antibodies
- primary form of memory antibody
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Term
| What is the entire coordinated immune response subsequent to infection? |
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Definition
| The innate immunity attempts to control microbe, APCs start collecting fragments of microbe as antigen and if innate clears microbe the system stops. If innate fails, APCs stimulated B cells and T cells and they ramp up. Adaptive immunity destroys threat. |
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Term
| How do leukocytes go from lymph to tissue (to the site of infection)? |
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Definition
| Epithelial cells can sense there are chemokines being produced near them and are activated to display leukocyte receptors on their surface. Rolling adhesion slows down the white blood cell and ends with tight binding (diapedesis). Snagged leukocytes extravasate through the epithelium and continue following concentration of chemokine signals to the infection |
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Term
| What happens after the threat has been eliminated? |
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Definition
- most cells die off but some persist as memory cells
- some persist so that they can battle the same invader more efficently and speedily in the future
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Term
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Definition
| Specific mechanisms leftover from previous infections protecting the body from them in the future. Immunological memory |
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Term
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Definition
| Cell suicide. The cell recieves death signals from other cells. |
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