Term
| What is innate immunity? Give examples. |
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Definition
| Response is the same whether or not the pathogen has been previously encountered. Skin, secretions, mucous membranes, phagocytic cells (macrophages), NK cells, defensive proteins and the inflammatory response |
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Term
| What is acquired immunity? Give examples. |
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Definition
| Previous exposure to pathogen enhances the immune response and is found only in vertebrates. Antibodies and lymphocytes. |
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Term
| What are the two main functions of the lymphatic system? |
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Definition
| To return fluid to the circulatory system and to fight infection |
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Term
| What is a vaccination (immunization)? |
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Definition
| A vaccine is administered, which is a harmless varient or part of a disease-causing microbe, such as an inactivated bacterial toxin, a dead or weakened microbe, or a piece of a microbe. |
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Term
| How is passive immunity different from active immunity? |
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Definition
| Passive immunity is the transferring of antibodies from an individual who previously had a disease to a newly infected person. Active immunity is when a person can produce his/her own antibodies. |
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Term
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Definition
| Proteins that are found in the blood that attach to one particular kind of antigen and helps counter its effects. |
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Term
| What is the humoral immune response and what cells are included here? |
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Definition
| The response to antigens or pathogens that are circulating in the blood or lymph. B cells, plasma and memory cells. |
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Term
| What is the cell-mediated immune response and what cells are included here? |
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Definition
| The response to any nonself cell, including cells invaded by pathogens. Helper T cells, T cells, and Cytotoxic T cells. |
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Term
| What is an antigenic determinant? |
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Definition
| An antigen-binding site, a complementary fitting between an antigen and its antibody. |
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Term
| What is clonal selection? |
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Definition
| When in the presence of an antigen, a B cell begins to divide, producing many daughter cells. These include plasma (effector) cells and memory cells with antibodies included. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any foreign molecule that elicits an acquired immune response. |
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Term
| How do antibodies mark antigens for elimination? |
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Definition
| Neutralization, aggultination, and precipitation of disolved antigens all enhance phagocytosis. The activation of the complement system leads to cell lysis. |
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Term
| What are Helper T cells and why are they so important? |
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Definition
| They activate cytotoxic T cells and macrophages and help stimulate B cells to produce antibodies. Thus, Helper Ts aid in the functioning to both the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. |
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Term
| What is the main function of the macrophage? |
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Definition
| They phagocytize any bacteria or virus they encounter and aid to the humoral immune response. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process by which a white blood cell engulfs and destroys a bacterium. |
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Term
| What is the role of a B lymphocyte cell? |
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Definition
| Produces antibodies and is responsible for the humoral immune response. |
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Term
| What is the role of a Cytotoxic T cell? |
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Definition
| To kill cancer cells and cells infected by viruses or other pathogens. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stimulated by histamine, increases blood supply to the damaged area and allows for easier movement of white blood cells through blood vessels. |
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Term
| What happens when body tissue is damaged in any way (inflammatory response)? |
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Definition
| Histamines are released, swelling occurs, vasodilation, and phagocytosis occurs by phagocytes. |
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Term
| What is the complement system? |
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Definition
| A group of about 30 different kinds of proteins that circulate in an inactive form in the blood (innate immunity). |
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