Term
| CD4+ T cell activation via antigen bound to MHC Class II molecules on APC |
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Definition
| What is usually required to jump start most acquired immune responses? |
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Term
IL-2
CD8+ T cells which are partially activated by antigen bound to MHC Class I molecules |
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Definition
| What do CD4+ cells secrete that activate other T cells? What are some of those cells and how? |
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Term
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Definition
| Name the 2 secretions of CD4+. |
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Term
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Definition
| activates macrophages and make them more phagocytic and more efficient at killing intracellular organisms via both oxygen dependent and independent systems |
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Term
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Definition
| generate primarily cell-mediated immunity, including macrophage activation and cytotoxic T cells |
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Term
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Definition
| generate primarily humoral or antibody-mediated immune response |
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Term
| IgM only with no secondary response because no memory cells are activated |
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Definition
| What is produced when T cells are not required to help activate B cells to produce antibody? |
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Term
| congenital or primary immunodeficiencies |
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Definition
| when an individual is born without the ability to develop a normal immune response |
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Term
| acquired or secondary immunodeficiencies |
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Definition
| when an individual loses all or part of their immune competence due to infection (HIV), malignancy (leukemia or myeloma) or underlying disease (diabetes) |
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Term
| humoral immunodeficiencies |
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Definition
| absence or decreased levels of immunoglobulin; called agammaglobulinemias or hypogammaglobulinemias |
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Term
| Bruton's agammaglobulinemia |
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Definition
congenital, X-linked (males only)
-low levels of circulating antibody and B lymphocytes
-B cell areas in lymph nodes and spleen are without B cells and plasma cells
-little or no antibody formed to immunizations
-normal T cell responses
-defect in pre-B cell maturation
-pyogenic bacterial infections maintained by antibiotics and gamma-globulin therapy |
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Term
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Definition
-very common
-predisposed to diseases of mucous membrane
-repeated infections of respiratory and alimentary tracts
-predisposed to dental caries
-pts usually make IgM in exocrine secretions
-cannot be given gammaglobulins |
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Term
| SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency disease) |
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Definition
-congenital bone marrow stem cell defect
-T and B cells absent; no humoral or CMI
-infants rarely survive without intensive medical care
-bone-marrow transplants as treatment |
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Term
| Acquired immunodeficiency disease |
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Definition
-multiple etiologies
-mostly commonly assoc with neoplasias
-produce clone lymphocytes or plasma cells that produce antibodies of only one or a very few specificities
-spontaneous hypogammaglobulinemia
-transient hypogammaglobulinemia accompany other diseases
-more common in CMI than humoral
-malignancies lymphomas and leukemias often affect CMI |
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Term
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Definition
-HIV virus invades helper T cells using CD4 molecule as virus receptor
-characteristic: inversion of T-helper/T-cytotoxic cells or CD4+/CD8+ ratio
-infects monocytes, macrophages, etc
-pt susceptible to opportunistic infections |
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