Term
|
Definition
| whole bacteria/viruses that are killed or attenuated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| denatured bacterial secretions (ie. toxins) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Give pt attenuated bacteria/virus and pt's body makes antibodies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Give pt antibodies directly (short lived) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| current vaccine schedule calls for 15 injections between birth and 6 y/o |
|
|
Term
| Vaccines recommended for kids |
|
Definition
Hep B - birth
Pentacel (DTaP, Polio, HFlu B) - 2,4,6,15-18 months
Influenza virus - Qyr from 6 months
Tdap - 11-12 y/o & Q10yrs after
Meningococcal vaccine - 9-11 y/o
HPV (3 doses) - all girls at 9 y/o |
|
|
Term
| Vaccines recommended for adults |
|
Definition
Tdap - Q10yr
Influenza - yearly
Pnemococcal vaccine - >65 y/o
Hepatitia B - all at risk adults
MMR vaccine - susceptible adults
Varicella Zoster Vaccine - susceptible adults |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| redness, fever, rash, malaise |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, & petussis vaccine
SE: redness, soreness, low grade fever, myalgia (give APAP)
C/I: do not immunize a child c an infection or fever |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Polio; recommended for all ages; PO only |
|
|
Term
| Measles, Mumps, & Rubella vaccine |
|
Definition
MMR combo; 15 months & 10-11 y/o
SE: fever, rash, mlaise, redness, LN swelling
C/I: PG, anaphylactic rxn to eggs, immunosuppressed
NO association with autism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ONLY 1 GIVEN AT BIRTH
3 doses (first 2 given 1 month apart, then 5 months later)
SE: fever, malaise, nausea, fatigue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
PG in any trimester, >59 y/o, >6months c chronic conditions, HCP
Optimal time for vaccination is Oct/Nov
SE: localized rxn, fever, malaise
C/I: egg allergy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Intranasal flu vaccine
Tx uncomplicated flu for 2-49 y/o
MOA: inhibits enzyme needed for viral replication
SE: rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, sore throat, cough, H/A, chills, V, muscle aches
C/I: asthma, reactive airway disease, immunosuppressed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
PO to prevent influenza A
SE: insomnia, nervousness, delirium, hallucinations, seizures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Acute influenza A > 12 y/o c sx for <48 hours; shortens sx by 1 day
MOA: selective inhibition of neuramidase (needed for viral replication)
PO inhalation, 2 inhalations bid 12h apart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
uncomplicated acute flu A or B >1 y/o c sx for <2 days; reduce sx by 1 day
PRODRUG - hydrolyzed to form to inhibit neuraminidase
Capsule or oral suspension
SE: N/V, H/A |
|
|
Term
| H5N1 Influenza Vaccine (Bird Flu Vaccine) |
|
Definition
active immunization of pt 18-64 y/o at increased risk of exposure
SE: pain, tenderness
C/I: immunocompromised pt |
|
|
Term
| H1N1 (Swine) Flu Virus Vaccine |
|
Definition
| Target group: PG, household contacts of infants <6mo, HCP, 6mo-4 y/o, older person at risk |
|
|
Term
| Haemophilus Influenzae Type B (HibTITER; PedvaxHIB) |
|
Definition
Prevention of Haemophilus influenzae type B (menintitis, CNS damage, arthritis, pneumonia, osteomyelitis)
WARN: delay vaccination if there is infection or fever |
|
|
Term
| Pneumococcal Vaccine, Polyvalent (Pneumovax 23) (PPV) |
|
Definition
Prevention of pneumococcal infection causing pneumonia, meningitis, OM
ADMIN: adults at increased risk, children >2y/o c chronic illness
SE: revaccination causes more local reactions
C/I: children <2y/o
IM or SC in deltoid or mid-thigh |
|
|
Term
| Pneumococcal-7-Valent Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) (Prevnar) |
|
Definition
DOES NOT REPLACE pneumovax for children >24 months - give to all infants <23 months
Prevents invasive pneumococcal disease (Strep pneumoniae) in infants and toddlers
DO NOT INJECT in gluteal area - IM injection in anterolateral thigh or deltoid |
|
|
Term
| Varicella Virus Vaccine (Varivax) |
|
Definition
all children 12-18 mo unless already had disease (unvaccinated 19mo-13y/o should receive the vaccine before the 13th year)
SE: pain, redness at injection site
Avoid use of salicylates for 6 weeks after vaccination - Reye's Syndrome
PG cat C |
|
|
Term
| Herpes Zoster Vaccine (Zostavax) |
|
Definition
Indicated for "everyone over the age of 60 who are not immune suppressed"
Prevention of Herpes Zoster
14x more potent than Varicella Virus Vaccine |
|
|
Term
| Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine (Menactra; MCV4) |
|
Definition
Prevention of meningococcal meningitis in 11-55y/o
Routine vaccination for 11-12y/o teens entering high school or college freshmen
SE: weakness or abnormal sensations in the arms and legs within 2-4 weeks after vaccination |
|
|
Term
| Drugs that produce Passive Immunity |
|
Definition
Immune Globulin Intramuscular (Baygam)
Hepatitis B Immune Globulin (HBIG, BayHep-B)
Rabies Immune Globulin (HBsyRab, Imogam)
Cytomegalovirus Immune Globulin Intravenous, Human (CytoGam)
Lymphocyte Immune Globulin, Anti-Thymocyte lobulin (Atgam)
Rho(D) Immune Globulin (RhoGAM)
RSV Immune Globulin (RespiGam)
Tetanus Immune Globulin (HyperTet)
Varicella-Zoster Immune Globulin (VariZIG)
Palivizumab (Synagis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cytotoxic Immunosuppressant
Suppress rejection of transplanted organs (in combo c prednisone) prior to availability of cyclosporine - begin 1-3 days before transplant
Severe refractory RA
PRODRUG - converted to mercaptopurine - interferes c synthesis of RNA & DNA
SE: hematological toxicity (leukopenia, thrombocytopenia), N/V/D, alopecia, hepatotoxicity, induction of neoplasms, hyperuricemia
C/I: PG
Administration c allopurinol (a xanthine oxidase inhibitor) requires a 65-75% decrease in dosage of azathioprine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cytotoxic Immunosuppressant
RA, psoriasis, prophylaxis of bone marrow transplant
MOA: inhibits enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (preventing formation of tetrahydrofolic acid)
SE: high doses cause ulcerative stomatitis, N/V, bone marrow suppression; long-term low dose -> hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis
ANTIDOTE: Leucovorin Calcium (folinic acid) - protects normal cells
INT: NSAIDs interfere c excretion and increase risk of toxicity |
|
|
Term
| Mycophenolate Mofetil (CellCept) |
|
Definition
Cytotoxic Immunosuppressant
Prevention of kidney transplant rejection
PRODRUG - metabolized to mycophenolic acid (DNA synthesis inhibitor - stops T&B cell growth)
SE: anemia, chest pain, hematuria, HTN, leukopenia
WARN: pure red cell aplasia
PG cat C
Not affected by food - take on an empty stomach |
|
|
Term
| Cyclosporine (Neoral, Cyclosporin A) |
|
Definition
T-cell suppressor
Sustain renal hepatic, & Cardiac transplants & prevent organ rejection (in combo c prednisolone)
Neoral - approved for severe recalcitrant psoriasis
MOA: highly selective ability to inhibit activation of T cells
KIN: affected by food/gut motility; mix c milk, chocolate milk, OJ - DO NOT SWITCH - TAKE ON CONSISTENT SCHEDULE - avoid grapefruit juice
SE: nephrotoxicity, HTN, N/V, tremor (therapeutic doses DO NOT cause myelosuppression)
INT: increased clearance - phenytoin, rifampin; decreased clearance - diltiazem, ketoconazole, erythromycin, verapamil, fluconazole |
|
|
Term
| Tacrolimus (FK-506, Prograf) |
|
Definition
T-Cell suppressor
Prevention of rejection of transplanted kidney & liver allografts / heart, lung, pancreas transplants
Ointment: psoriasis, eczema, atopic dermatitis
MOA: antibiotic c immunosuppression properties
SE: inc susceptibility to infection, hyperkalemia, hyperglycemia, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity; oint: temporary stinging, burning, pruritus
INT: subject to enzyme inhibition/induction |
|
|
