Term
| Are natural killer cells part of an innate or adaptive immune response? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the types of adaptive immunity? |
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Definition
humoral (results in antibody production)
cellular (targets infected cells which will be destroyed by NKs) |
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Term
| What is the most prominent type of cell found in lymphatic tissue? |
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Definition
| lymphocyes (B cells, T cells, NKs) |
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Term
| What are immunocompetent cells? What do they do? |
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Definition
lymphocytes circulating in blood or lymph which are 'ready to go' when needed and don't require further maturation to do their job
-provide 'surveillance' for tissues |
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Term
True or False
The majority of lymphocytes will require maturation/activation to do their job |
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Definition
false
70% if lymphocytes are immunocompetent (ready to go) |
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Term
| Where do B cells differentiate? T cells? |
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Definition
B - bone marrow
T - thymus |
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Term
| What is the bursa of fabricius? |
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Definition
| where B cells differentiate in birds |
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Term
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Definition
| provide humoral immmunity, secrete antibodies (Ig) |
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Term
| The majority of circulating lymphocytes are... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| provide cell-mediated immunity |
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Term
| What do reticular cells do & where are they found? |
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Definition
-produce reticular fibres which form a meshwork where lymphocytes, macrophages etc will reside
-found in spleen, lymph nodes & nodules |
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Term
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Definition
| phagocytosis, process antigens & produce inlammatory mediators |
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Term
| What are some characteristics to ID macrophages? |
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Definition
-pseudopodia
-lots of cytoplasm
-phagocytized material within the cytoplasm |
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Term
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Definition
| mediate the inflammatory response, involved in Type I hypersensitivity reactions |
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Term
| How do mast cells differ in morphology between species? |
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Definition
| large in rats, small in dogs |
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Term
| Characteristics of mast cells |
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Definition
| lots of metachromatic granules which will degranulate when stimulated by an antigen |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Characteristics of plasma cells? |
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Definition
-eccentric nucleus
-lavender cytoplasm
-pinwheel nucleus |
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Term
| What are the primary lymphatic organs? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the secondary lymphatic organs? |
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Definition
lymphatic nodules
lymph nodes
tonsils
spleen |
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Term
| What is the difference between primary & secondary lymphatic organs? |
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Definition
Primary
-where lymphocytes recognize an antigen, undergo proliferation & differentiation into immmunocompetent cells which will disperse
Secondary
-immunocompetent cells organize around reticular cells/fibres
-can be activated into effector lymphocytes & memory cells |
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Term
| How do lymphocytes enter a lymph node? |
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Definition
-afferent lymphatic vessels
-high endothelial venules |
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Term
| What is diffuse lymphatic tissue/what does it do? |
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Definition
Lymphocytes & other cells within the lamina propria of GI tract, resp system, genital & urinary systems
-guards against pathogens and is where first immune responses will be initiated |
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Term
| What are the two types of lymph nodules? |
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Definition
Primary
-composed of small lymphocytes
-have not been activated yet (will be all one colour)
Secondary
-activate, have a germinal center |
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Term
| What are the components of Peyer's patches? |
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Definition
Nodule
Mantle
Dome lined by NAE epithelium |
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Term
| Where are peyer's patches normally found? What are they? |
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Definition
in the ileum
aggregations of lymph nodules |
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Term
| 3 major types of lymphocytes |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of collagen do reticular cells produce? |
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Definition
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Term
| The supporting cells that provide meshwork in the thymus are called.. |
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Definition
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Term
[image]
What is this and where would it be found? |
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Definition
epithelioreticular cell
-provides support meshwork for immune cells in the thymus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Plasma cell
-lavender cytoplasm
-eccentric nucleus
-negative golgi |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| tonsil with crypt, fossula, oral epithelium & nodules |
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Term
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Definition
| encapsulated organ which filters lymph before it enters the circulatory system |
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Term
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Definition
LYMPH NODE
-capsule
-cortex
-hilus
-medulla |
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Term
|
Definition
High Endothelial Venules
-lined by simple cuboidal/columnar epithelium, this is where fluid is absorbed and the main entrance for lymphocytes to get into lymph nodes |
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Term
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Definition
High Endothelial Venule
-how lymphocytes enter lymph node |
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Term
| Filtration of lymph occurs in the ____ |
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Definition
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Term
Arrange these in order of how lymph flows
effereny lymph vessel
trabecular sinus
afferent lymph vessel
subcapsular sinus
medullary sinus |
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Definition
1. Afferent lymph vessel
2. Subcapsular sinus
3. Trabecular sinus
4. Medullary sinus
5. Efferent vessel |
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Term
| What is unique about porcine lymph nodes? |
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Definition
the nodules are located in the inside (cortical tissue) and medullary tissue is in the periphery
-afferent vessels are at the hilus, efferent are at the periphery |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is a hemal node? What animals have these kinds of nodes? |
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Definition
node that filters blood (sinuses are filled with blood, not lymph)
-ruminants |
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Term
True or False
Hemal nodes do not have afferent/efferent lymphatic vessels |
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Definition
| true (only veins & arteries, bc only blood gets filtered in these kinds of nodes) |
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Term
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Definition
HEMAL NODE
-capsule
-lymphoreticular tissue
-medullary sinus
-subcapsular sinus |
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Term
| What is unique about porcine hemal lymph nodes? |
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Definition
-they filter lymph and blood
-corners are hemal
-main body has regular porcine LN structure |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is involution, in reference to the pursa of fabricus? |
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Definition
| replacement of active lymphoid tissue being replaced by iactive tissue |
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Term
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Definition
bursa of fabricus
black line pointing to a bursal fold |
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Term
|
Definition
bursa (top)
cloaca (bottom) |
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Term
| Some functions of the spleen |
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Definition
-filters blood
-immune surveillance of blood
-activates lymphocytes
-storage site for RBCs
-produces erythropoietin in fetuses |
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Term
True or False
The spleen does not have efferent lymphatics |
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Definition
| false - has efferent but not afferent |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the components of white pulp? |
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Definition
PALS
-T lymphocytes surrounding a central arteriole
Nodules
-B cells which push the CA off to one side
Marginal Zone
-perimeter of white pulp, containts antigens and APCs, splits red pulp from white |
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Term
| Antigens & APCs of the spleen are found in... |
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Definition
| marginal zone of white pulp nodules |
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Term
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Definition
| the vascular portion of the spleen |
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Term
| In red pulp, splenic sinuses are separated by ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Reticular meshwork of the spleen |
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Definition
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Term
| Characteristics of the horse/dog spleen |
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Definition
Primary role: storage
Red pulp > white pulp
Large
-Smooth muscle in capsule to promote RBC release
-myofibroblasts in red pulp to assist with pushing them out |
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Term
| Characteristics of the ruminant/cat/pig spleen |
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Definition
Intermediate btwn storage vs defence
Red = Wite
SMC in red pulp, capsule for contraction |
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Term
| Characteristics of the human/bird/rodant spleen |
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Definition
Primary role: defense
White > red
mainly composed of lymphocytes |
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Term
| How can you tell a PALS from a nodule? |
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Definition
| nodule has eccentric central artery |
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Term
| How do T cells develop in the thymus? |
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Definition
1. Stem cells delivered to outer cortex via bloodstream
2. Stem cells multiply in cortex, move to inner cortex & develop T cell markers on surface
3. T cells mature in medulla and are released into bloodstream |
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Term
| What hormones regulate T cell maturation |
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Definition
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Term
| Primary function of thymus |
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Definition
| T cell proliferation/maturation |
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Term
| What is thymic education? |
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Definition
| Expression/deletion of various surface molecules on T cells, which develop into immunocompetent T cells |
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Term
| T cells in the thymus are called... |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
[image]
What region of the thymus is this? How do you know? What are the white arrows pointing to? |
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Definition
cortex - lots of thymocytes/lymphocytes
arrows are epithelioreticular cells |
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Term
[image]
What region of the thymus is this? How do you know? What are the green dots indicating? |
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Definition
Medulla - fewer lymphocytes, and myoid cells are present
Green = epithelioreticular cells |
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Term
| What features are found in the thymic medulla but not the cortex? |
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Definition
myoid cells
thymic/hassal corpuscles |
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Term
[image]
What is this? What part of the thymus is it found in? What are the granules? |
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Definition
Thymic (Hassall) Corpuscle
-thymic medulla
-keratoyalin granules |
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Term
| What are the components of the blood-thymus barrier? What is its importance |
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Definition
Protects developing lymphocytes from being exposed to antigens in the thymus
-Endothelium lines the capillary wall
-Basal lamina of the endothelial cells
-macrophages in the surrounding connective tissue
-Type I Epithelioreticular cells enhance protection |
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