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Details Title: IMA finals Description: some notes for ima finals Total Flash Cards: 166 Created: 11/18/2005 21:00:17	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term Fill Rate Definition Number of pixels that can be rendered per second Term DirectX Definition library of code instructions that convert generic messages into hardware specific messages Term render Definition turning 3d images into 2d art Term game loop Definition repetitive operation of engine, handlewindowsmessages, getinput, processdata, render Term game engine Definition software that adjusts animation based on player input Term LOD Definition level of detail; multiple models created for varying distances to the player Term PPS Definition polygons per second Term sprites Definition animated 2d Term developer Definition graphics department, sound department, programming department Term publisher Definition tester, quality assurance, constumer service Term game design team Definition load designer, game designer, level designer Term 2 design documents Definition internal document (programming), external document (business and marketing) Term internal design document Definition game mechanics (what the player can do), artificial intelligence (how the virtual world responds), game elements (characters, items, and mechanisms) Term Elements to sell game idea Definition style, gameplay, plot, character, setting, technology Term 4 basic elements player wants Definition challenge, socialize, emotional experience, escape reality (fantasy) Term 2 categories of games Definition goal-oriented, software toys Term birth of fps Definition 1992, wolfenstein 3d Term NES Definition 1986, sold 10 units to everyone of any competitor's products Term 1982 Definition colecovision Term 1980 Definition mattel intellivision Term 1978 Definition magnavox releases the oddyssey 2 Term 1977 Definition atari VCS Term 1976 Definition the channel F video entertainment system is the first programmable home system (year?) Term 1991 Definition year: time traveler by sega, 1st holographic game Term 1983 Definition year: i, robot released by atari, 1st game to use polygon models Term 1983 Definition year: dragon's lair, first game to use laserdisc technology Term 1983 Definition year: industry drops almost 50% Term 1981 Definition year: donkey kong Term 1980 Definition year: pac-man, large demographic, merchandising, spawns sequels Term 1979 Definition year: asteroids released Term 1976 Definition year: first casualty due to violence was death race Term 1971 Definition year: nolan bushnell makes space war into computer space. Term 1972 Definition year: bushnell starts atari Term 1972 Definition year: the magnavox oddyssey Term 1966 Definition year: ralph Baer envisions video games for hoome use Term 1962 Definition year: mit student steve russel programs spacewar Term 1958 Definition year: william higinbotham creates tennis for two, 1st video game Term 1952 Definition year: a.s. douglas programmed noughts and crosses in edsac Term compositing Definition layering seperate rendered images or CG with live action Term Inverse kinematics Definition moving one body part affects another, like a marrionette Term forward kinematics Definition moving model one joint at a time Term NURBS Definition spline based, curved lines plotted in 3d Term maquettes Definition detailed sculptures Term pre-production (computer animation) Definition hand drawn character models, maquettes, modeling Term 1995 Definition year: first computer animated featuer: toy story Term Jurassic Park Definition movie: stop motion animators work with computer animators to create proper movement Term tin toy Definition movie: 1988 1st CG to win academy award Term Pixar Definition company: in 1986 steve jobs buyts lucasfilm's computer graphics division Term last starfighter Definition movie: 1984 1st photorealistic CG images Term tron Definition movie: 1982 1st cgi in the environment with actors Term star wars Definition movie: 1977 1st 3d graphics in commercial film Term westworld Definition movie: 1973 1st commercial film to use CGI Term SIGGRAPH Definition special interest group on computer graphics, 1st 3d models dispalyed (1973) Term animac Definition 1960's, analog video computer Term disney Definition company: individual character personalities, 1st 3 strip technicolor film, 1st public stereo production in 1940, storyboards Term steamboat willie Definition show: 1929 disney's 1st animated film with synchronized sound Term Gertie Definition name: 1914 windsor mckay's 1st animated character with personality Term Humorous phases of funny faces Definition film: 1906 j. stuart blackton, 1st animated film (using blackboard and chalk) Term kineamtics and kinesiology Definition study of motion, and study of animal motion Term cel rotoscoping Definition tracing actual film of live actors Term basic animation mediums Definition stop motion and clay animation Term six degrees of freedom Definition movement and rotation in all 3 axis, move in xyz, rotation in xyz pitch yaw and roll Term bump map Definition 2d black and white images that give illusion of depth; gives look of real texture Term iamge map Definition 2d image for look of model; wraps around model Term material maps Definition map: have different reflective properties Term rt3d Definition abbreviation: real time 3d; basis for many video games and virtual reality, allows for user interaction in a 3d environment Term dvd-rom Definition book a Term dvd-video Definition book b Term dvd-audio Definition book c Term dvd-r Definition book d; write once Term dvd-RAM Definition book e, rewritable Term dvd-rw Definition book f, rewritable Term cd-da Definition digital audio; red book Term cd-rom Definition read only memory; yellow book Term cd-enhanced Definition blue book Term cd-i Definition green book Term cd-r and cd-rw Definition orange book Term vcd Definition video cd;white book Term sacd Definition scarlet book Term 650mb Definition original standard cd held ___MB today up to 700 MB Term mpeg Definition compresses motion images and sound (moving pictures expert group) Term mpeg-1 Definition mpeg: used for audio and video Term mp3 Definition is actually mpeg1 layer 3-used for sound only Term mpegII Definition mpeg: used for high quality digital video (dvd's) Term mpegIV Definition mpeg: used for interactive multimedia Term microsoft Definition company: avi, wma, wmv Term MIDI Definition not audio, carries event data Term apple Definition company: AIFF Term authoring software Definition software: allows for synchronizing elements of a multimedia project without knowing code Term premastering Definition geographical placement of files Term object oriented Definition common in computer illustration, drawn using mathematical formulas to represent images, aka vector graphics Term jpeg Definition format: joint photographic experts group, used mostly for compressing images Term TIFF Definition format: common in print industry Term PNG Definition format: updated gif with 16 millioin colors Term GIF Definition format: 256 colors, used often on websites Term BMP Definition format: windows bitmap Term bitmapped Definition common on internet, fixed at a particular resolution, aka raster graphics Term 3 steps of design Definition defining the product, flowcharting and storyboarding, creating the user interface Term 3 types of interactivity Definition 3 types of ___: menu driven-often a hierarchical structure, hypermedia-non linear, quick access to features, simulations-high user interaction. Term interactivity Definition the ability of the user to control the tempo and outcome of a multimedia experience Term multimedia Definition combination of text, sound, and graphics on one medium Term bandwidth Definition frequency range from lowest to highest that can pass through a circuit Term throughput Definition the measurement of the amount of data passing through a line medium during a given amount of time Term hypertext Definition ____text: 1991 was introduced, basis of WWW Term ARPANET Definition consists of 4 university computers connect in southwest U.S., government funded, non-commercial 1969 (rammstein rules) Term time code Definition the backbone of computerized editing, 24 hour reference clock encoded as a digital audio signal Term SMPTE Definition abbreviation: time code Term film speed Definition sensitivity of a film emulsion to light Term f-stop Definition a number measurement of light allowed through a lens, settings range from 1 to 22, focal length/lens diameter Term 24 fps Definition frame rate for film Term dedo Definition beam of light Term molette Definition work lights, replace light bulbs Term open face Definition a lot of light, efficient, not controllable Term fluorescent Definition direct soft source, difficult to control Term ellipsoidal Definition double lens, extremely controllable Term soft light Definition indirect reflector, very soft, difficult to control Term fresnel Definition lensed lighting instrument, lens has concentric rings that help direct light Term back light Definition seperates talent from background, adds dimension, placed above and behind talent Term fill light Definition creates a desirable ratio of light on subject, may need multiple fill lights, beware of multiple shadows Term key light Definition main source of light, establishes direction and motivation, may need multiple key lights Term gaffer Definition chief electrician Term key grip Definition head of grip dept. Term grip Definition general labor Term director of photography Definition aka cinematographer Term PAR Definition parabolic alluminized reflector Term gels Definition medium to produce color Term yoke/head style and mirror Definition 2 types of moving lights Term gobos Definition used to create shapes laser-like look Term DMX Definition programming standard for lighting, allows for 512 data channels Term dimmer Definition device that controls the voltage traveleing to lights, allowing for remote control Term front of house speaker cabinets Definition high frequency driver, mid range speaker, subwoofer Term cobranet Definition networking technology for multiple digital audio channels Term snake cables Definition carries multiple audio signals Term input list Definition documentation of microphone connections to console inputs Term 4 phases of production Definition 1. load in/set up 2. technical checks 3. performance 4. load out Term system engineers Definition engineer:desing and implement the audio systems Term instrument/back-line tech Definition preps instruments for performers Term acoustic analysis engineer Definition engineer: maximizes sound based on room characteristics Term cue system Definition allows for headphone mix of recorded or live sound for the artist Term auxiliary system Definition allows for the adding of effects to recorded sounds Term condensor microphone Definition mic: has two oppositely charged plates, capacitance changes between plates, requires phantom power, 48 volts DC, wider frequency range than dynamics, often more expensive and fragile than dynamics Term dynamic microphone Definition mic: contains a coil suspended in a magnetic field, often inexpensive, durable, can handle high SPLs Term transducer Definition converts one form of energy to another Term recording Definition electricity to magnetic energy Term playback Definition magnetic to electricity Term tracking Definition recording core elements Term overdubbing Definition recording new material to go along with previously recorded tracks Term mixing Definition process of blending all of the individual sounds together Term studio manager Definition manager: responsible for the sales and scheduling of the studio, schedules equiment, facilities, and personnel Term assistant enginner Definition engineer: also known as the second engineer, makes sure everything runs smoothly in the studio Term storyboard Definition helps determine camera angles, lighting, what to construct, special effects Term flowcharts Definition maps of the paths a user can take in an interactive experience (memento DVD) Term act 1 Definition hook, exposition, plot point one Term act 2 Definition midpoint, climax Term act 3 Definition resolutions Term bridge Definition contrasts in rythm or mood to rest of song, breaks up repetition Term TV signal Definition 4 parts: luminance, chrominance, timing & blanking pulses, audio Term foley Definition added real time to the picture, recorded on a ____ stage or in a ____ pit. Term lumen Definition light measurement: direct light Term lux and foot candle Definition light measurements: reflected light Term altair Definition computers: 1975, first personal computer Term apple II Definition comps: first plug and play device, closed architecture Term UNIVAC Definition comps: 1951 first commercially available computer Term EDSAC Definition comps: 1949 first stored program computer, stored 560 bits Term differential analyzer Definition comps: 1930, vannevar bush builds this, used to create ballistic tables Term difference engine and analytical engine Definition comps: 1820s charles babbage designs these engines