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Ideologies and Upheavals
terms
33
History
Not Applicable
08/30/2005

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Term
dual revolution
Definition
interrelated political and economic revolution
Term
Congress of Vienna
Definition
Assembly of delegates from Austria, Great Britain, Prussia, Russia, and France. They determined the boundaries of Europe following the Napoleonic wars and also imposed penalties on France. Their main goal was to preserve absolutist regimes in Europe.
Term
Quadruple Alliance
Definition
Alliance of Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia designed to oppose France in case they ever revolted or started a war again.
Term
Metternich
Definition
Delegate from Austria to the Congress of Vienna. He was the main proponent of absolutist regimes in an attempt to protect his class, the aristocracy.
Term
German Confederation
Definition
A confederation of 38 German states who were repressed by Austria and Prussia.
Term
Carlsbad Decrees
Definition
Decrees that required the German Confederation to root out subversive ideas in their society. There were also spies deployed to the German Confederation in order to make sure these decrees were carried out.
Term
Adam Smith
Definition
Leading economist who believed in the idea of free enterprise, where economics should be competitive, to increase profits.
Term
David Ricardo
Definition
Developed the iron law of wages which stated that wages would always sink to subsistence level
Term
Charles Fourier
Definition
Mathematician who developed a socialist utopia and envisioned people living in large communities of 1,620 people.
Term
Louis Blanc
Definition
Journalist who urged workers to agitate for universal voting rights and to take control of the state peacefully.
Term
Proudhon
Definition
Printer who wrote a pamphlet that concluded that all property was theft.
Term
Marx
Definition
One of the writers of the Communist Manifesto, the guideline to Communism. He was a socialist who believed that history was just the history of class struggles, mainly between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat.
Term
Communist Manifesto
Definition
Book which clearly outlined Marx’s policies and urged the working class to revolt.
Term
Proletariat
Definition
The working class as described by Karl Marx.
Term
Hegel
Definition
believed that history is “ideas set in motion” mainly that ideas define an age and these ideas produce opposing ones and eventually a new synthesis.
Term
Wordsworth
Definition
A leader of English romanticism who traveled in France. He wrote many poems, including his famous “Daffodils”
Term
Hugo
Definition
Son of a Napoleonic general who achieved an amazing variety of rhythm, language, and image in his poetry. He also wrote “The Hunchback of Notre Dame.”
Term
George Sand
Definition
Her real name was Amandine Aurore Lucie Dupin (a female). She wrote over eighty novels on many different romantic and social themes. She also had affairs with many famous artists including de Musset and Chopin.
Term
Delacroix
Definition
Famous painter who was a master of dramatic, colorful scenes.
Term
Liszt
Definition
Piano composer who was called the greatest pianist of his age.
Term
Beethoven
Definition
Deaf composer whose music inspired fear, awe, horror, suffering, and infinite longing. He is widely considered one of the greatest composers of all time.
Term
Corn Laws
Definition
Laws that prohibited the importation of Corn from other countries.
Term
Six Acts
Definition
Placed controls on a heavily taxed press and eliminated all mass meetings.
Term
Battle Peterloo
Definition
Mass meeting on Saint Peter’s Fields which was broken up by the government cavalry.
Term
Chartists
Definition
Demanding equal voting rights for all men.
Term
Great Famine
Definition
Shortage of the potato crop which resulted in a mass emigration from Ireland to America.
Term
Charles X
Definition
Reactionary King of France following Louis XVIII. He was deposed by the upper middle class. Replaced with Louis Philippe.
Term
Constitutional Charter
Definition
Constitution of France which Louis Philippe agreed to. It stated that the red, white, and blue of the revolution would be the flag of France. Also made the king of France the head of state, but not the head of the government.
Term
Louis Philippe
Definition
King of France following Charles X. He accepted the constitutional charter, but he was later overthrown.
French 2nd Republic-Republic that was attempted right after the overthrow of Louis Philippe. However, it failed utterly.
Term
Workshops
Definition
Public works in France’s 2nd republic which was designed to create jobs.
Term
June Days
Definition
Series of days in which 10,000 people died or were injured as a result of the conflict between socialism and liberal capitalism.
Term
Louis Napoleon
Definition
Nephew of Napoleon who was elected following the end of the French 2nd Republic.
Term
Romanticism
Definition
A artistic movement characterized by a belief in emotional exuberance, unrestrained imagination, and spontaneity in both art and personal life.
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