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Definition
| the assumption underlying alphabetic writing systems that each speech sound or phoneme of language should have its own distinctive graphic representation. |
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| a bound (nonword) morpheme that changes the meaning or function of a root or stem to which it is attached, as the prefix -ad and the suffix -ing in adjoining. |
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| fluent processing of information that requires little effort or attention, as sight-word recognition. |
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| definition found under print awareness which in emergent literacy is a learner's growing recognition of conventions and characteristics of a written language. Or print awareness includes such features as the recognition of directionality in reading text (left to right, top to bottom), that print in the form of words corresponds to speech, that white space marks the boundaries of printed words, etc. |
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Definition
| 1. a speech sound made by partial or complete closure of part of the vocal tract, which obstructs air flow and causes audible friciton in varying amounts. 2. an alphabet letter used in representing any of these sounds. |
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Definition
| In a syllable, a sequence of two or more distinguishable consonant sounds before or after a vowel sound, as /skr/ in screams or /nd/ in bend. The term refers only to sounds, not to letters representing sounds. |
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Definition
| a combination of two consonant letters representing a single speech sound. |
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| consonant-vowel-consonant pattern which produces a short vowel sound or a closed syllable. |
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| consonant-vowel pattern which produces a long vowel sound or an open syllable. |
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| consonant-double vowel-consonant pattern which produces a long sound of the first vowel. |
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Definition
| to analyze spoken or graphic symbols of a familiar language to ascertain their intended meaning. |
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Definition
| a vowel sound produced when the tongue moves or glides from one vowel sound toward another vowel or semivowel sound in the same syllable, as /oi/ in oil, /oy/ in boy, or /ou/ in round, and /ow/ in brown. |
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Term
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Definition
| providing phonics instruction while using whole text or passages. Children begin with the use of whole texts involving shared literacy activities with an adult and move to the identification of phrases and words and the examination of word parts. Emphasis on meaning is maintained even as children examine word parts, because the purpose is to help them see the patterns in the language so they can apply the knowledge to new situations. |
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Term
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Definition
| development of the association of print with meaning that begins early in a child's life and continues until the child reaches the stage of conventional reading and writing. |
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Term
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Definition
| to change an oral message into symbols of print. |
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Term
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Definition
| carefully organized systematic instruction. Step by step instruction given in small increments with detailed explanation of concepts or skills. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. the clear, easy, written or spoken expression of ideas. 2. freedom from word-identification problems that might hinder comprehension in silent reading or the expression of ideas in oral reading; Automaticity. 3. the ability to produce words or larger language units in a limited time interval. |
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Term
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Definition
| a written or printed representation of a phoneme (sound), as b for /b/ (one), and oy for /oy/ (two) in boy (there are two found in the word boy). |
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Term
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Definition
| a word that appears many more times than most other words in spoken or written language. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. a word with the same spelling as another word, whether or not pronounced alike, as pen (a writing instrument) or pen (a baby's pen), or bow (hunting instrument) or bow (part of the ship). 2. a word with the same sound as another words as to, too, two, or there, their, they're. |
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Term
| Language Experience Approach (LEA) |
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Definition
| 1. an approach to language learning in which students'oral compositions are transcribed and used as materials of instruction for reading, writing, speaking, and listening; experience approach. 2. a curriculum that emphasizes the interrelationship of such modes of language experience. |
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Term
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Definition
| meaningful linguistic unit that cannot be divided into smaller meaningful elements, as the word book, or that is a component of a word, as s in books. |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of structure and forms of words including derivation, inflection, and compounding. |
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Term
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Definition
| the consonants preceding the vowel of a syllable, as str in strip. |
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Term
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Definition
| instruction that guides the student to formulate generalizations without direct instruction. |
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Definition
| a conventional writing system in a given language, or the study of the nature and use of symbols in a writing system. |
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Definition
| a syllable ending in a vowel sound rather than a consonant sound, as /ba/ and /be/ in baby. |
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Term
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Definition
| a minimal sound unit of speech that, when contrasted with another phoneme, affects the meaning of words in a language, as /b/ in book contrasts with /t/ in took, /k/ in cook, /h/ in hook. |
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Definition
| the awareness of sounds that make up spoken words. Such awareness does not appear when young children learn to talk; the ability is not necessary for speaking and understanding spoken language. |
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Definition
| a way of teaching reading and spelling that stresses symbol-sound relationships, used especially in beginning instruction. |
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Definition
| awareness of the constituent sounds of words in learning to read and spell. |
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| in linguistics, the study of the choices of language persons make in social interaction and of the effects of these choices on others. |
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Definition
| an affix attached before a base word or root, as re- in reprint. |
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Term
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Definition
| to change information from one code into another, as writing into speech. |
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Definition
| a method to increase reading fluency where students reread familiar passages repeatedly. This can be done with a partner or even with a tape recorder. |
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Definition
| the modified sound of a vowel immediately preceding /r/ in the same syllable, as in care, never, sir, or, curse, etc. |
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Definition
| a vowel and any following consonants of a syllable, as /ook/ in book or brook, /ik/ in strike, and /a/ in play. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. the basic part of a word that usually carries the main component of meaning and that cannot be further analyzed without loss of identity. 2. in a complex word, the meaningful base form after all affixes are removed. |
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Term
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Definition
| in English, the midcentral vowel in an unaccented or unstressed syllable; as the first vowel sound in alone. |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of meaning in language, as the analysis of the meanings of words, phrases, sentences, discourse, and whole texts. |
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Term
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Definition
| an early childhood instructional strategy in which the teacher involves a group of young children in the reading of a particular big book in order to help them learn aspects of beginning literacy, as print conventions and the concept of word, and develop reading strategies, as in decoding or the use of prediction. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. a word that is immediately recognized as a whole and does not require word analysis for identification. 2. a word taught as a whole. |
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Term
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Definition
| the identification of word-meaning elements, as re and read in reread, to help understand the meaning of a word as a whole. Commonly involves the identification of roots, affixes, compounds, hyphenated forms, inflected and derived endings, contractions, and, in some cases, syllabication. Is sometimes used as an aid to pronunciation or in combination with phonic analysis. |
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Term
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Definition
| an affix attached to the end of a base, root, or stem that changes meaning or grammatical function of the word, as en added to ox to form oxen. |
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Term
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Definition
| in phonology, a minimal unit of sequential speech sounds comprised of a vowel sound or vowel-consonant combination, as /a/, /ba/, /ab/, /bab/, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. the study of how sentences are formed and of the grammatical rules that govern their formation. 2. the pattern or structure of word order in sentences, clauses, and phrases. |
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Term
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Definition
| a part-to-whole phonics approach to reading instruction in which the student learns the sounds represented by letters and letter combinations, blends these sounds to pronounce words, and finally identifies which phonic generalizations apply; inductive phonics. |
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Term
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Definition
| a technique for learning to identify printed words, because it involves looking at a word, while saying it, and tracing it. |
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Term
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Definition
| a voiced speech sound made without stoppage or friction of the air flow as it passes through the vocal tract. |
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Definition
| a spelling pattern in which two or more adjoining letters represent a single long vowel sound, as eigh for /a/ in sleigh. |
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Term
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Definition
| a vocabulary-development and word-study activity in which words on cards are grouped according to designated categories, as by spelling patterns, vowel sounds, shared meanings, etc. |
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