Term
| Control of blood production or cell growth |
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Definition
- enromous reserve capacity
- tight quantitative control
- tight qualitative control
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Term
| Describe the characteristics of cancer cells |
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Definition
- grow independently without regulation (GF, hormones)
- grow in disorganized fashion
- do not undergo programmed cell death
- can create their own blood supply
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Term
| Genetic mutation that facilitate transformation to cancer |
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Definition
- oncogenes
- defective tumor suppressor genes
- interference with apoptosis
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Term
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Definition
| proto-oncogene that drives cell from G0 phase to S1 |
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Term
| tumor suppressor gene mutations and their role in cancer development. give an example |
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Definition
- specific mutations that allow neoplastic transformation
- p53 gene mutation associated with multiple cancers
- most common cause of hereditary cancers
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Term
| Role of genetic mutation of BRCA1,2 |
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Definition
- tumor supressor genes that increas susceptibility to cancer (allow for other genetic defects)
- 80% of all hereditary breast cancers (but only a fraction of all breast cancers)
- BRCA1- chromosome 17q
- 85% cancer risk by age 70
- ovarian cancer risk of 15%
- BRCA2- chromosome 13q
- associated with female and male breast CA (85% lifetime risk)
- more frequent in Iceland
- also associated with prostate, ovarian, and panceratic cancer
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Term
| phenotype characteristics of cancer |
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Definition
- loss of differentiation
- uncontrolled growth
- loss of contact inhibition in vitro
- invasive capacity
- reduced apoptosis
- induction of angiogenesis
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Term
| Hereditary syndromes for which genetic testing available. What is the px measure? |
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Definition
- BRCA1,2- prophylactic mastectomy
- BRCA1 (ovarian CA)- prophylactic oophorectomy, oral contraception
- APC (colon CA)- prophylactic colectomy
- familial adenomatous polyposis- NSAIDS
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Term
| Potential etiologies of transformation to cancer |
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Definition
- chemicals
- immunosuppression
- infectious cause
- diet
- age (increase risk of cancer with increase age)
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Term
| Cancer etiology: different chemicals |
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Definition
- tobacco
- benzene
- radiation
- alcohol
- asbestos
- alkylating agents
- hormones (estrogen)
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Term
| Cancer etiology: immunosuppresion causes |
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Definition
- inherited disorder
- autoimmune disease
- transplants of:
- bone marrow
- kidney
- liver
- pancreas
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Term
| Cancer etiology: infectious causes |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- prevention
- adjuvant therapy
- tx of advanced or metastatic disease
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Term
| primary cancer prevention |
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Definition
- avoidance of causative agent
- cigarrete smoke
- use of sunscreen
- chemoprevention (ex: Tamoxifen)
- vaccine against HPV
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Term
| secondary cancer prevention |
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Definition
- screening tests to find early disease
- mammography
- pap smear
- screening colonoscopy
- test must make a difference in mortality tx of earlier stage disease
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Term
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Definition
- surgery
- chemotx
- radiation
- hormonal therapy
- targeted thearpy
- rituxamab
- imatinib
- trastuzumab
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Term
| Stages of cancer: importance, what based on |
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Definition
- prognostic importance
- defines therapy
- based on surgical findings and imaging studies
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