Term
| characteristics of keys used for species identification |
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Definition
- the key consists of a series of numbered stages
- each stage consists of a pair of alternative characteristics
- some alternatives give the next stage of the key to go to
- some alternatives give the identification |
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Term
| four genera of the common aquatic plants found in aquariums |
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Definition
- Cabomba
- Ceretophyllum
- Elodea
- Myriophyllum |
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Term
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Definition
| the naming of species is called nomneclature and the binomial system incorporates two names to refer to each species |
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Term
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Definition
| a species is a group of organisms with similar characteristics, which can interbreed and produce fertile offspring |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of organisms, such as a species or a genus |
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Term
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Definition
| species are classified into a series of taxa, each of which includes a wider range of species than the previous one |
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Term
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Definition
i.e. mosses
Bryophytes have no roots, only structures similar to root hairs called rhizoids
mosses have simple leaves and stems
Liverworts consist of a flattened thallus
0.5m = maximum height
spores are produced in a capsule. The capsule develops at the end of a stalk |
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Term
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Definition
i.e. ferns
ferns have roots, leaves and short non-woody stems. The leaves are usually curled up in bud and are often pinnate (divided into pairs of leaflets=pinnate)
15m = maximum height
Spores are produced in sporangia, usually on the underside of the leaves |
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Term
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Definition
i.e. conifers
Conifers are shrubs or trees with roots, leaves and woody stems. The leaves are often narrow with a thick waxy cuticle
100m = maximum height
Seeds are produced. The seeds develop from ovules on the surface of the scales of female cones. Male cones produce pollen |
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Term
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Definition
flowering plants
very variable, but usually have roots, leaves and stems. The stems of flowering plants that develop into shrub and trees are woody
100m = maximum height
seeds are produced. The seeds develop from ovules inside ovaries. The ovaries are part of flowers. Fruits develop from the ovaries, to disperse the seed |
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Term
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Definition
- no clear symmetry
- attached to a surface
- pores through body
- no mouth or anus
e.g. sponges |
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Term
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Definition
- bilaterally symmetric
- flat bodies
- unsegmented
- mouth but no anus
e.g. Planaria, tapeworms, liverflukes |
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Term
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Definition
- muscular foot and mantle
- shell usually present
- segmentation not visible
- mouth and anus
e.g. slugs, snails, clams, squids |
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Term
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Definition
- radially symmetric
- tentacles
- stinging cells
- mouth but no anus
e.g. jellyfish, corals, sea anemones |
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Term
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Definition
- bilaterally symmetric
- bristles often present
- segmented
- mouth and anus
e.g. earthworms, leeches, ragworms |
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Term
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Definition
- bilaterally symmetric
- exoskeleton
- segmented
- jointed appendages
e.g. insects, spiders, crabs, millipedes |
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Term
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Definition
| the population increases exponentially because the natality rate is higher than the mortality rate. The resources needed by the population such as food are abundant, and diseases and predators are rare |
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Term
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Definition
| The antality rate starts to fall and/or the mortality rate starts to rise. Natality is still higher than mortality so the population still rises, but less and less rapidly |
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Term
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Definition
Natality and mortality are equal so the population size is constant. Something has limited the population,
e.g. shortage of resources (food), more predators, more disease or parasites
All of these factors limit population increase because they become more intensense as the population rises and becomes more crowded. They either reduce the natality rate or increase the mortality rate. If the population is limited by a shortage of resouces, it has reached the carrying capacity of the environment
(max population size that can be supported by the environment) |
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Term
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Definition
| the cumulative change in the heritable characteristics of a population |
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Term
| homologous anatomical structures |
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Definition
| the same body structures in different organisms |
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Term
| explanation for homologous anatomical structures |
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Definition
| the organisms have evolved from a common ancestor. Structures that have developed from the same part of the common ancestor are called homologous structures |
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Term
| evidence that species can evolve rapidly |
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Definition
| selecting individual birds (fowls) with desirable traits for domesticated animals, and breeding for them. The striking difference between the resulting domesticated breeds reveals evidence that evolution of species can evolve rapidly |
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Term
Darwin's Theory of Evolution Observations and Deductions
(first observation) |
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Definition
Observation- Populations of living organisms tend to increase exponentially. Yet, generally, the numver of individuals in populations remains nearly constant
Deduction - More offspring are produced than the environment can support. There is a struggle for existence in which some individuals survive and some die |
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Term
Darwin's Theory of Evolution Observations and Deductions
(second observation)
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Definition
Observation - Living organisms vary. The members of a species are different from each other in many ways. Some individuals have characteristics that make them well adapted to their environment
Deduction - The better adapted individuals tend to survive and reproduce more than the less well-adapted individuals
(Natural Selection) |
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Term
Darwin's Theory of Evolution Observations and Deductions
(third observation)
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Definition
Observation - Much variation is heritable
(it can be passed on to the offspring)
Deduction - The better-adapteed individuals pass on their characteristics to more offspring than the less well-adapted individuals. The results of Natural Selection accumulate
As one generation follows another, the characteristics of the species gradually change - the species evolves |
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