Term
|
Definition
|
Tanacetum parthenium *Mediterranean- Europe *Dried ariel parts used to treat MIGRAINES, ARTHRITIS, RHEUMATIC DISEASES, and allergies
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Taraxacum officinale (Asteraceae) * Mediterranean- Eurasia * all fresh and dried plant parts treat URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS, TYPE II DIABETES, kidney and bladder stones, ENHANCE BILE FLOW, DIURETIC, APPETITE STILANT
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Calendula officinalis (Asteraceae) *Mediterraean- Eurasia * all plant parts applied topically to treat SKIN WOUNDS, BURNS, ECZEMA, skin inflammations, and oral/pharygnal inflammations
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Cynara scolymus (Asteraceae) * Mediterranean-Southern Europe * dried or fresh leaves/stems used as CHOLERETIC (INC BILE FLOW), GALL STONES, and as a TONIC FOR CONVALESCENCE
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Achillea millefolium (Asteraceae) * Mediterranean- Europe, western Asia * dried info and aerial parts used to treat DYSPEPTIC DISCOMFORT, loss of appetite, LIVE AND GALL BLADDER PROBLEMS. Applied topically to skin to reduce bleeding by enhancing blood clotting.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Artemisia absinthium (Asteraceae) *Mediterranean * dried aerial parts used to treat dyspeptic discomfort, loss of appetite, live and gall bladder problems, and INTESTINAL WORMS. Also consumed as a STIMULANT. ABSINTHE make from this sp.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Artemisia dracunculus (Asteraceae) * Mediterranean- Europe * Aerial parts used as an appetite stiumulant
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Artemisia vulgaris (Asteraceae) * Mediterranean- Europe * Dried roots and aerial parts used to treat dyspeptic discomfort, INSTESTINAL WORMS, MUSCLE WEAKNESS, EPILEPSY, INSOMNIA, and anxiety
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Chichorium intybus (Asteraceae) *Mediterranean- Europe * Roots used to treat DYSPEPTIC DISCOMFORT, INTESTINAL WORMS, Type Ii diabetes, loss of appetite, liver and gallbladder problems, and as a laxative for children
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Dacus carota (Apiaceae) * ? * Root used to treat DIGESTIVE PROBLEMS, INTESTINAL PARASITES, and tonsilitis
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Petroselinum crispum (Apiaceae) * Europe- western Asia * leaf extracts used to treat URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS AND KIDNEY/BLADDER STOES, AND HALITOSIS
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Apium graveolens (Apiaceae) * ? * Fruit and aerial parts and roots used to treat MILD ANXIETY/AGITATION, LOSS OF APPETITE, FATIGUE, COUGH AND INTESTINAL WORMS
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Levisticum officinale (Apiaceae) * Europe * All plant parts used to treat URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS, KINDEY AND BLADDER STONES, indigestion, and esophagitis ("heartburn")
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Anthemus nobilis (Asteraceae) * Europe, Mediterranean, North Africa * Fresh and dried aerial and inflo parts used to treat NERVOUSNESS, HYSTERIA, GENERAL DEBILITY, applied topically to treat HEADACHE, EARACHE, TOOTHACE, and inflammation of the mouth, nose, and throat
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Sambucus nigra (Adoxaceae) * Eurasia, Mediterranean * Stembark, leaves, flowers, fruits, and root extacts are used to treat BRONCHITIS, COUGH, UPPER RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS, AND FEVER
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Allium cepa (Alliaceae) * Near East * Onion bulb used to treat UPPER RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS, INFLAMMATION OF MOUTH AND PHARYNX, COUGH, BRONCHITIS, LOSS OF APPETITE, ARTERIOSCELEROSIS, AND HYPERTENSION
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Nerium oleander (Apocynacae) * Mediterranean * Leaf extact used to treat CONGESTIVE HEART DISEASE and applied topically to treat SKIN DISORDERS
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Vinca minor (Apocynaceae) * Central and Southern Europe, Mediterranean * Leaves and aerial parts used to ENHANCE BLOOD CIRCULATION (esp to brain), ENHANCE METABOLISM IN BRAIN, treat cardiovascular disorders
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Hedera helix (Araliaceae) * Europe and Southwest Asia * Leaves and berries used as an expectorant to treat COUGHS and BRONCHITIS
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Asparagus officinalis (Asparagaceae) * Europe, North Africa * Rhizome and root used to treat URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS and KIDNEY AND BLADDER STONES
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Punica granatum (Lythracaeae) * Southeast Europe, Near East to Himalayas * Husk of fruit used to treat DYSENTARY, PARALYSIS, AND INTESTINAL WORMS
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Pulmonaria officinalis (Boraginaceae) * Europe * Dried and fresh aerial parts of flowering plant used to treat LUNG INFECTIONS, cough, AILMENTS OF KIDNEY, URINARY TRACT AND GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT and as a diuretic
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Capsella bursa-pastoris (Brassicaceae) * ariel parts used to treat HYPERTENSION, CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA, AND PMS and topically to treat nosebleeds and skin wounds
|
|
|
Term
|
Humulus lupulus (Cannabaceae) * temperate Northern hemisphere * Pistillate inflo and fruits used to treat INSOMNIA, NERVOUSNESS, and as a SEDATIVE
| |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Juniperus communis (Cupressaceae) * Northern Hemisphere * Cones used to treat URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS, DYSPEPTIC DISCOMFORT, LOSS OF APPETITE and bladder/kidney stones
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Calluna vulgaris (Ericaceae) * Scotland, Europe, Esia minor * Aerial parts used to treat ENLARGED PROSTATE GLANDS, GOUT, DIARRHEA, gallbladder diseases, UTIs, and as a DIURETIC. Also for heather ale and yellow dye for wool.s
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Glycyrrhiza glabra (Fabaceae) * Mediterranean to Central Asia * rhizome and roots used to treat ELEVATED CHOLESTOROL LEVELS AND SORE THROAT, and as a SWEETENER.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Trifolium pratense (Fabaceae) * Europe to Afghanistan * Extract of flower heads taken orally to treat COUGH AND RESPIRATORY INFECTION; applied topically to treat psoriasis and eczema
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Mentha spicata (Lamiaceae) * Central and Southern Europe * Leaves and aerial parts used to treat DIGESTIVE PROBLEMS AND FLATULENCE (carminative)
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Mentha x piperita (Lamiaceae) * Central and Southern Europe * Leaves and oil from aerial parts used to treat DIGESTIVE PROBLEMS, INTESTINAL SPASMS, IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME, upper respiratory infections and cough, bronchitis, and inflammation of mouth and throat. Applied topically to treat RHEUMATISM and a sa RUBEFACIENT (
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Melissa officinalis (Lamiaceae) * Southern Europe * Leaves, whole plant, or oil extracted from leaves taken to treat INSOMNIA, NERVOUSNESS, and ANXIETY
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Marribum vulgare (Lamiaceae) * Eurasia, North Africa * dried inflo, fresh aerial parts of flowering plants, or whole plant used to treat COUGH, BRONCHITIS, live and gallbladder ailments, and loss of appetite
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Hypericum perforatum (Hyperaceae) * Europe and Mediterranean to Central China * inflo and aerial parts taken orally to treat DEPRESSION, ANXIETY, and TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS and topically to heal WOUNDS
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Rosmarinus officinalis (Lamiaceae) * Europe, Mediterranean * Leaves used to treat HYPERTENSIONS, RHEUMATISM, liver ailments, and gallbladder ailments
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Salvia officinalis (Lamiaceae) * Southern Europe, Mediterranean * Leaves and aerial parts used to treat EXCESS PERSPIRATION, INFLAMMATION OF THE MOUTH AND PHARYNX, BLEEDIN GUMS and loss of appetite
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Satureja montana (Lamiaceae) * Southern Europe, Mediterranean * Aerial parts of flowering plant used to treat ACUTE ENTERITIS (INTESTINAL INFLAMMATION)
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Thymus vulgaris (Lamiaceae) * West Mediterranean, South East Italy * Leaves, aerial parts, and thyme oil used to treat BRONCHITIS, BRONCHIOSPASMS, cough, lung infections, and as an EXPECTORANT
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Origanum vulgare (Lamiaceae) * Europe to Central Asia *
Leaves and aerial parts used to treat RHINITIS AND UPPER RESPIRATORY INFECTION IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN, MIGRAINE HEADACHES, depression, dizziness, and as a diuretic
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Laurus nobilis (Lauraceae) * Western Mediterranean to SE Italy * Leaves, fruit, and oil applied topically to treat RHEUMATISM, and as a RUBEFACIENT (skin stimulant)
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Althea officinalis (Malvaceae) * Europe * Flower, leaves, and roots used to treat BRONCHITIS, THROAT AND MOUTH IRRITATION, AND GASTRITIS
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Myrtus communis (Myrtaceae) * Europe, Mediterranean * Leaves and branches used to treat TUBERCULOSIS, WHOOPING COUGH, INSTESTINAL WORMS, and DIARRHEA
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Arbutus unedo (Ericaceae) * Southern Europe * Leaes, bark contain ethyl gallate and tannins; diuretic, antispetic, astringent actions. Used for URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS and for relieving diarrhea.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Avena sativa (Poaceae) * Mediterranaean * Grain used topically to treat PURITIS OF SKIN (itching), ECZEMA; oat bran taken orally to LOWER CHOLESTEROL
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Rumex acetosa (Polygonaceae) * Europe to India * Fresh leaves and whole plant used to treat NASAL MUCOSA INFLAMMATION (rhinitis)
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Aquilegia vulgaris (Ranunculaceae) * Europe *Aerial parts ENHANCE GALL BLADDER FUNCTION and have TRANQUILIZING EFFECT used to treat AGITATION
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Rhamnus spp. (Rhamnaceae) * Northern Hemisphere * used to treat CONSTIPATION
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Agrimonia eupatoria (Rosacae) * Europe * Aerial parts used to treat DIARRHEA, INFLAMMATION OF MOUTH AND PHARYNX, INSTESTINAL HELMINTHIC INFECTIONS, lower cholestoral, and as yellow dye
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Alchemilla vulgaris (Rosaceae) * Europe * Aerial parts used to treat DIARRHEA, MOUTH AND THROAT INFLAMMATION, ECZEMA
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Crataegus spp. (Rosaceae) * Great Britain/Europe * Fruits used to treat CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE, ANGINA, CIRCULATORY DISORDERS
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Filipendula ulmaria (Rosaceae) * Eurasia * Flower extract taken orally to treat ARTHRITIS, PAIN, fever, upper respiratory infections
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Fragaria vesca (Rosaceae) *Northern Hemisphere * Leaves and rhizome used to treat DIARRHEA and nervous tension and as DIURETIC
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Galium odoratum (Rubiaceae) * Europe, Western Asia, Northern Africa * Aerial parts used to treat NERVOUS AGITATION, HYSTERIA, INSOMNIA, MENSTRUAL DISORDERS, and diuretic to treat edema
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Ruta graveolens (Rutaceae) * southern Europe * Aerial parts used to treat MENSTRUAL DISORDERS, diarrhea, and instestinal worms, and as a FEMALE CONTRACEPTIVE AND ABORTIVE AGENT
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Salix spp. (Salicaceae) * Northern Hemisphere * Bark used as ANALGESIC, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, ANTIPYRETIC (treats fever), and to treat HEADACHE
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Verbascum thapsus (Scrophulariaceae) * Eurasia * Leaves used to treat COUGH AND BRONCHITIS
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Vitus vinifera (Vitaceae) * Europe * Seed taken as an ANTIOXIDANT; wine and grape juice REDUCE DEVELOPMENT OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Valeriana officinalis (Valerianaceae) * Eurasia * Roots used as sedatives to treat INSOMNIA and nervousness
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Urtica dioica (Urticaceae) * Eurasia * Root taken orally as DIURETIC and to treat SWOLLEN PROSTATE (BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY) and ARTHRITIS
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Plantago afra (Plantaginaceae) * Mediterranean to India * Whole seed and husk use as a LAXATIVE TO TREAT CONSTIPATION
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Aralia californica (Araliaceae) * root/leaf tea or tincture taken orally to treat COUGH, PHARYNGITIS, BRONCHITIS, and EMPHYSEMA; root or tea tinture applied topically to treat SHINGLES, HERPES, CONTACT DERMITIS, ECZEMA, and inflammation
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Asarum caudatum (Aristolochiaceae) * California * Root or tea tincture taken orally to INDUCE SWEATING to treat fevers; also stimulates respiratory secretions to treat "dry" respiratory infections; a few drops of tincture taken orally to treat COLIC IN INFANTS
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Artemisia californica (Asteraceae) * California * Leaves taken orally to treat RHEUMATISM, COLD, COUGH, AND ASTHMA; leaf juice applied topically to treat pain and rheumatism
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Grindelia spp. (Asteraceae) * California * Dried root applied topically to treat LICE, DANDRUFF, AND POISON OAK/IVY
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Betula spp. (Betulaceae) * California * Leaf and bark decoction taken orally for INFLAMMATION AND PAIN
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Ephedra spp. (Ephedraceae) * California * Stem tea taken orally to treat ASTHMA, ALLERGIC RHINITIS, ALLERGIC SINITUS, HAY FEVER, and diarrhea; also us as DECONGESTANT and mild DIURETIC
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Equisetum spp. (Equisetaceae) * California * tea made of whole plant taken orally as a DIURETIC, KIDNEY AND LIVER TONIC
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Vaccinium spp. (Ericaceae) * California * leaves and tea of small wtigs taken orally to treat URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS; fruit a rich source of ANTIOXIDANTS and are eaten to REDUCE DEVELOPMENT OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Arcostaphylos spp. (Ericaceae) * California * CYSTITIS, URETHRITIS, PAINFUL URINATION, LEUKORRHEA, DIABETES, URINARY CALCULI, UTERINE CONTRACTIONS, CONTUSIONS, BURNS, ABRASIONS
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Gaultheria shallon (Ericaceae) * California * Leaf powder or tea taken orally to treat COLDS, SINUSITIS, REPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS, ALLERGIC RHINITIS, GASTRITIS, DIARRHEA, intestinal cramps, and cystitis; applied topically as a PAIN RELIEVER, HEMOSTATIC TO TREAT INSECT BITES, BURNS, ADN ABRASIONS
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Garrya elliptica (Garryaceae) * California * Leaf tincture and ta reported to RELAX SMOOTH MUSCLE and is used to treat STOMACH CRAMPS, DIARRHEA, GALLBLADDER SPASMS, and MENSTRUAL CRAMPS
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Eriodictyon californicum (Hydrophyllaceae/Boraginaceae) * California * Leaf extracts used to treat ASTHMA, as a DECONGESTANT TO TREAT UPPER RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS AND ALLERGIC RHINITIS (HAY FEVER)
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Salvia apiana (Lamiaceae) * California * Dried leaf or aerial part decoction or tincture taken orally to treat CHEST COLDS; as a bath to treat abrasions and as a DOUCHE TO TREAT CANDIDIA VAGINITIS; dried leaves bound together and burned for use in rituals and purification
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Salvia mellifera (Lamiaceae) * California * Dried leaves decoction taken orally to treat SORE THROAT and EAR ACHE and as a bath to treat PARALYSIS, HEART DISORDERS, and gas pain
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Umbellaria californica (Lauraceae) * California * fresh leaf crushed and inhaled to treat FRONTAL HEADACHES, MIGRAINE HEADACHES, and as a STIMULANT FOR PEOPLE WHO ARE FAINT OR DIZZY; leaf or tea tincture used orally to treat headaches, neuralgias, intestinal cramps, diarrhea, and topically to treat FUNGAL INFECTIONS OF CROTCH, ATHLETE'S FOOT, ARTHRALGIAS, ARTHRITIS; leaves also used in cooking as flavoring
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Oenothera elata var hookeri (Onagraceae) * California * used to treat PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME AND MENOPAUSAL HOTFLASHES
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Polypodium glycyrrhiza (Polypodiaceae) * California * Rhizome decoction used to treat ALLERGI REACTIONS TO FOOD, DRUGS, OR ENVIRONMENTAL ALLERGINS that result in skin urticaria, mucosal surface inflammation and pharyngeal swelling; said to have EFFECTS SIMILAR TO ANTIHISTAMINES
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Rubus parviflora (Rosaceae) * Leaf infusion taken orally for COLDS, FLU, AND TO INDUCE SLEEP IN ADULTS
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Acer macrophyllum (Sapindaceae) * California * bark decotion taken orally to treat TUBERCULOSIS, KIDNEY DISEAS, LIVE DISEASE, ulcers, and intestinal tract disease
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Aesculus californica (Sapindaceae)
* California
* Leaf slave applied topically to VARICOSE VEINS; dried fruit tincture (small dose) taken orally to treat HEMORRHOIDS and varicose veins
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Heuchera micrantha (Saxifragaceae) * California * Root extact or tea used as a mouth wash with astringent qualities for SORE GUMS and SORE THROAT; taken orally for stomach ache, ulcers, and diarrhea; used as a DOUCH FOR VAGINAL CANDIDIASIS AND BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS; root or leaf powder applied topically to treat skin chafing, blistering, or shaving nicks
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Taxus spp. (Taxaceae) * California * Bark decoction taken orally to treat TUBERCULOSIS, kidney diseases, liver diseases, ulcers, and as an EMMENAGOGUE; applied topically to treat SKIN CANCER
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Serenoa repens (Arecaceae) * Florida * Fruit taken orally to treat BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY (swollen prostate glands) and IRRITABLE BLADDER
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Aristolochia californica (Aristolochiaceae) * California * Root and stem tea and tincture taken orally to STIMULATE LIVER METABOLISM and to BOOST IMMUNE SYSTEM to flight infection
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Baccharis pilularis (Asteraceae) * California * Teach and aerial parts taken orally as a TONIC TO ENHANCE GENERAL HEALTH
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Echinacea spp. (Asteraceae) * Midwestern and Plains States (USA) * All parts used to STIMULATE IMMUNE SYSTEM TO TREAT UPPER RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Dioscorea villosa (Dioscoreaceae) * North and Southeast North America * Rhizome used to treat COLIC, UTERINE AND INTESTINAL CRAMPS
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Hamamelis virginiana (Hamamelidaceae) * Eastern North America * Barka nd other plant parts extracted to make liquid distillate with an ASTRINGENT EFFECT that is applied topically to treat HEMORRHOIDS, VARICOSE VEINS, SKIN INFLAMMATION, AND ORAL/THROAT MUCOSAL INFLAMMATION
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Iris spp. (Iridaceae) * California * Rhizome tincture and tea teaken orally to ENHANCE DIGESTION BY STIMULATING SECRETION OF THE GI TRACT; GALL BLADDER AND PANCREAS
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Satureja douglasii (Lamiaceae) * California * leaf and stem tea taken orally to treat FEVER and applied topically to treat SKIN URTICARIA ("prickly heat" rashes)
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Eschschzolia californica (Papaveraceae) * California * Dried and fresh whole plant tincture taken orally to treat STOMACH CRAMPS, BRUISED MUSCLES, AND TOOTHACHES, and as a SEDATIVE TO TREAT ANXIETY
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Passiflora spp. (Passifloraceae) * aerial parts taken to treat NERVOUSNESS, INSOMNIA, AND GI IRRITABILITY ASSOCIATED WITH NERVOUSNESS
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Clematis spp. (Ranunculaceae) * C. lasiantha: whole plant hot water extraction taken orally to treat RHEUMATISM AND MIGRAINES; fresh plant poultice may be applied topically * C. ligusticfolia :whole plant hot water erraction taken orally as a tonic and applied externally to treat ECZEMA; leaf compress applid topically for CHEST PAIN, SORES, AND BOILS
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Rhamnus californica (Rhamnaceae) * California * Leaf applied topically to treat POISON OAK and rheumatism; dried bark decoction taken orally as a LAXATIVE AND PURGATIVE
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Smilax californica (Smilaceae) * California * Root tincture or tea taken orally to TREAT BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY and to ENHANCE STRENGTH
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Datura spp. (Solanaceae) * California * Whole plant hot water extraction taken orally to treat HEPATITIS, STOMACH COMPLAINTS, PAINFUL JOINTS, animal bites, pain and as a wound healer and to increase enrgy; dried flowers smoked to treat astigma; lead docotion taken orally as a diuretic, hallucinogen and to treat ASTHMA, NEURALGIA, WHOOPING COUGH, and bronchitis; leaf tincture applied topicaly to treat NECK PAIN, ARTHRITIS, HEADACHE, and ringworm; seeds taken orally to treat cheast pain, tooth aches, and asthma
|
|
|
