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IB 117 Medical Ethnobotany Final
IB 117 Medical Ethnobotany Final
106
Biology
Undergraduate 3
12/15/2010

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Cards

Term
European mistletoe
Definition

breast cancer tx

joint inflammation tx

Term
THC
Definition

nausea and vomiting tx

stimulates appetite

Term
acetylsalicylic/salicylic acid/salicin/saligenin
Definition
inhibits cyclooxygenase which inhibits prostaglandin synthesis
Term
aerial part extract
Definition

immunostimulant

viral infections tx

Term
aescin and horse chestnut seed extract
Definition

inhibits capillary permeability to protein

varicose veins tx

chronic venous insufficiency tx

Term
albuterol derived from ephedrine
Definition

selective adrenergic beta 2 receptor agonist to cause bronchodilation

asthma tx

Term
aloe
Definition
burn treatment
Term
arnica
Definition

skin inflammation tx

blunt injuries tx

Term
artemisinin/artemether/artesunate
Definition

anti-plasmodial

malaria tx

Term
bark
Definition
stimulant laxative
Term
bark extract
Definition

diarrhea tx

dysentery tx

antimicrobial

Entamoeba histolytica tx

cholera tx

Term
bark latex
Definition

diarrhea tx

antisecretory by inhibiting chloride ion secretion

Term
belladonna
Definition

diarrhea tx

antispasmodic

blocks muscarinic chloinergic receptors

Term
bergenin
Definition
cough tx
Term
bitter leaf
Definition

reduction of insulin resistance

anti-plasmodial

malaria tx

Term
bitter melon
Definition
reduction of insulin resistance
Term
black cohosh
Definition

premenstrual stress syndrome tx

menopausal hot flashes tx

Term
bromelain
Definition

protease enzyme debrides necrotic wound tissue

enhances digestion

Term
caffeine
Definition
apnea tx in premature infants
Term
caffeine + ergotamine
Definition
migraine headaches tx
Term
calendula
Definition

skin inflammation tx

skin infections tx

wound healing

Term
camphor
Definition

agonist at cold-activated ion channel pain pathway


Term
capsaicin
Definition

agonist at capsaicin receptor

heat-acitivated ion channel pain pathway

Term
cassava root, thiocyanate, cyanate
Definition

anti-plasmodial

malaria tx

Term
castor seed oil
Definition

osmotic laxative

 

Term
catechin
Definition
hemostatic
Term
chamomile tea
Definition
stomache discomfort tx
Term
chasteberry
Definition

premenstrual stress syndrome tx

reduces sexual desire by stimulating gonadotropic releasing hormone and LH

Term
cinnamon
Definition

nausea and stomache discomfort tx

reduction of insulin resistance

bark - antimicrobil against Helicobacter pylori

ulcers tx

Term
clove oil
Definition
agonist at cold-activated ion channel pain pathway
Term
cocaine and derivatives procaine, lidocain, tetracaine
Definition
local blockade of nerve impulses
Term
codein/noscapine/dextromethorphan
Definition
cough tx
Term
coffee
Definition

reduces development of liver cirrhosis and gall bladder disease

reduction of insulin resistance

Term
colchicum
Definition

disorganizes spindle mechanism at mitosis

tumors, gout tx


Term
coumadin derived from dicoumarol
Definition

antagonizes vitamin K

inhibit prothrombin in the liver

Term
crofelemer, bark
Definition
antiherpes
Term
cromolyn derived from visnagan
Definition

prevents degranualtion of pulmonary mast cells which prevents release of histamine

asthma tx

allergic rhinitis tx

allergic conjuctivitis tx

Term
dark chocolate and theobroma
Definition

smooth muscle relaxant to treat HTN

antioxidant

reduces LDL oxidation

Term
diosgenin as precursor to glucocorticoids
Definition

blocks cytokine production

inhibits phospholipids conversion to arachidonic acid which inhibits prostaglandin synthesis

anti-inflammatory

asthma tx

Term
disogenin as precurosr to progestorone, glucocorticoids, estrogens, and androgens
Definition

glucocorticoids = anit-inflammatory

progesterone = oral contraceptives by preventing estrogen surge

estrogen = prevent osteoporosis

Term
elderberry fruit and flower extracts
Definition
upper respiratory viruses tx
Term
ephedrine
Definition
adrenergic blocker at Beta 1 receptors to treat HTN
Term
eucalyptus
Definition

agonist at cold-activated ion channel pain pathway

lemon oil - insect repellent

oil - upper respiratory infection tx

asthma tx

Term
evening primrose
Definition

premenstrual stress syndrome tx

menopausal hot flashes tx

Term
fenugreek
Definition
galactogogue
Term
feverfew inflorecence
Definition
migraine headaches tx
Term
flavonoids in tea
Definition

antioxidant

reduces LDL oxidation

Term
fruit extracts
Definition
dilation of coronary arteries to treat angina pectoris
Term
garlic
Definition

lowers lipids

antimicrobial

Term
genistein isoflavone
Definition
reduce cardiovascular disease
Term
ginger
Definition

nausea tx

upper respiratory viruses tx

Term
ginseng
Definition

general tonic

improves metabolic functions

aphrodisiac

rhizome - upper respiratory viruses tx

Term
glaucine
Definition
cough tx
Term
gossypol
Definition
male contraceptive by inhibiting sperm formation
Term
guava tea
Definition
diarrhea tx
Term
harpagoside
Definition
anti-inflammatory to treat lower back pain, hip pain, and knee pain
Term
hawthorne berry
Definition

dilation of cornoary arteries

angina pectoris tx

 

Term
honey
Definition
cough tx
Term
hydrastine/rhizome
Definition

antiinfective

strengthens mucocsal membranes in upper respiratory tract

Term
hydroxychloroquine
Definition
anti-inflammatory to treat rheuatoid arthritis
Term
ipatropium derived from atropine
Definition

cholinergic receptor blocker

asthma tx

Term
isoflavones/genistein
Definition

reduces risk of developing cancer

binds weakly to type II estrogen blinding sites and outcompetes stronger estrogens resulting in a reduciton in receptor stimulation

Term
leaf tea
Definition
allergic rhinitis tx
Term
lignans in seed wall
Definition
reduces risk for breast cancer
Term
lycopene
Definition

antioxidant

reduces risk of developing prostate cancer

Term
lycopene from tomato past
Definition
antioxidant
Term
masoprocol from leaves
Definition
reduction of insulin resistance
Term
menthol
Definition
agonist at cold-activated ion channel pain pathway
Term
metformin (extracted from phenformine)
Definition
reduction of insulin resistance
Term
methyl salicylate
Definition
inhibits cyclooxygenase which inhibits prostglandin synthesis
Term
monounsaturated oils
Definition

sesame oil, almond oil

reduce cardiovascular disease

Term
neem extract
Definition
insect repellent
Term
noni/nono
Definition
reduction of insulin resistance
Term
nopale/prickly pear
Definition
reduces sugar absorption by intestine
Term
oats
Definition

anti-itch

blinds lipids in GI tract

reduces lipid absorption

Term
omega-3-fatty acids
Definition

flaxseed oil, walnut oil, hemp oil, salmon oil, olive oil, canola oil, peanut oil, avocado oil

polyunsaturated fats

anti-inflammatory

reduce cardiovascular disease

Term
opium
Definition

diarrhea tx

antispasmotic, decreases peristalic wave in LI, decreases secretions

Term
oregano leaf
Definition

upper respiratory infection tx

rhinitis tx

Term
papain/chymopapin
Definition

protease enzyme debrides necrotic wound tissue

enhances digestion

Term
papaverine
Definition

dilates blood vessels

impotence tx

Term
pentoxifylline derived from theobromine
Definition

smooth muscle relaxant

dilate blood vessels

peripheral vascular disease tx

Term
peppermint oil
Definition

antispasmotic

IBS tx

Term
plant extract
Definition

respiratory and GI infections tx

immunostimulant (increase leukocytes, stimulat phagocytosis, increase cytokines in peripheral blood macrophages)

Term
podophyllum
Definition

blocks G1 phase of mitosis

testicular cancer tx

Hodgkin's lymphomas tx

condylomata acuminata tx

binds microtubules causing miotic arrest in metaphase

Term
pseudoephedrine
Definition

agonist on alpha 1 and beta 2 adrendergic receptors

decongestant

nasal and upper respiratory congestion tx

Term
psyllium seeds and seed husks
Definition
bulk forming laxative
Term
pyrethrums/pyrethrines/permethrins
Definition
insect repellent
Term
quinine/quinidine/chloroquine/mefloquine
Definition

anti-plasmodial

malaria tx

Term
reserpine/deserpidine
Definition
reduces norepinephrine levels in synapse by damaging storage vesicles in nerve terminus
Term
rice
Definition

diarrhea tx

antisecretory

Term
root extract
Definition

prevents/slows progressive telomere shortening of immune cells which enables cells to function longer

being developed as HIV and AIDS tx

Term
rubber latex
Definition

condoms to prevent pregnancy and STI's

rubber gloves to prevent transmission of blood born infections

Term
saw palmetto
Definition

benign prostatic hypertrophy tx

inhibits 5-alpha reductase enzyme which results in less dihydrotestosterone

Term
sennosides A&B, danthron
Definition

stimulant laxative

leaf extract - antifungal

Term
silymarin
Definition

protects liver against toxicity, hepatitis

antedote against Amanita liver poisoning

Term
sitostanol (benecol)
Definition
lowers cholesterol
Term
soapwort
Definition
galactogogue
Term
tamiflu
Definition
avian influenza tx
Term
taxol
Definition

metastatic ovarian cancer tx

breast cancer tx

antimicrotubule

antimiotic

Term
theobromine
Definition

dilation of coronary arteries

angina pectoris tx

Term
theophylline
Definition
asthma tx
Term
thymol
Definition

antibacterial

antifungal

Term
verapamil derived from papverine
Definition
block cardiac Ca+ channels to slow conduction and treat HTN
Term
vincristine
Definition

acute childhood leukemia tx

Hodgkin's lymphomas tx

binds protein tubulin causing mitotic arrest in metaphase

Term
witch hazel ointment
Definition

hemorrhoids tx

varicose veins tx

Term
yohimbine
Definition

adrendergic blocker at alpha 1 receptors

impotence tx

aphrodisiac

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