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I-O Psychology
Midterm Review
141
Psychology
Undergraduate 4
10/08/2008

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

I-O Psychology

Chapter 1

 

Psychology:

1. Def

2. Trends

3. Areas of Speciality

Definition

1. The study of behavior and mental processes.

 

2. Psychologists use systematic scientific methods in an effort to understand more about the hows and whys of human behavior and human thought processes.

 

3. Specialty areas each focus on a different aspect of behavior- e.g. developmental, cognitive/cognition, social psychology.

Term

I-O Psychology

Chapter 1

 

I-O

Definition

History

Definition

1. The branch of psychology that is concerned with the study of behavior in work settings and the application of psychology principles to change work behavior.

 

2. Early psychologists include Hugo Munsterberg (1913-personnel selection) and Walter Dill Scott (1970-psychology in advertising).

 

Frederick W. Taylor (founder of the scientific management movement) along with Frank & Lillian Gilbreth implementeed the principles of scientific management and revolutionized several physical labor jobs by making the accepted work procedures more efficient and productive.

Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 1

 

Time-&-Motion Studies

1. Def

Definition

1. Procedures in which work tasks are broken down into simple componenet movements and the movement's times to develop a more efficient method for performing the task.

Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 1

 

Scientific Management

1. Who

2. What

3. When

*1930's?

Definition

1. Frederick Taylor

2. A method using scientific principles to improve the efficiency and productivity of jobs.

3. WW-I Robert Yerkes worked with the U.S. Army to create intelligence tests for the placement of Army Recruits.

* 1930's Elton Mayo- Famous studies on effects of lighting and worker productivity.

Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 1

 

Hawthorne Effect:

1. Def

Definition

1. Changes in behavior occurring as a function of the participants' knowledge that they are being observed and their expectations concerning their role as a a research participant.

 

 

Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 1

 

Human Relations Movement:

1. Def

Definition

1. A movement based on the studies of Elton Mayo that emphasizes the importance of social factors in influencing the work place.

Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 1

 

The 4 Trends of I/O ψ 

1.

2.

3.

4.

 

Definition

1st Trend: The changing nature of work. Many jobs are becoming increasingly complex due to technological advancements, and they are more demanding, requiring workers to process more and more information and to make more decisions.

 

2nd Trend: Expanding focus on human resources- Organizations have become more and more concerned about and responsive to the needs of the workers.

 

3rd Trend: Increasing diversity of the workforce. Although diversity has benefits, demographic and cultural differences can-if not carefully managed- create great difficulties in the functioning of work teams (i.e. increasing conflict and decreasing performance and cooperation)

 

4th Trend: Increasing Globalization of Business- As more and more organizations go international, there is an increasing need for workers to be trained for working in or with organizations located in other/different countries.

Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 1

 

Organizational Downsizing:

1. Def

2. origin

Definition

1. A strategy of reducing an organization's workforce to improve organizational efficiency and/or competitiveness.

 

2. Came from the 1st Trend in I/O Psych- The changing nature of work.

Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 2

 

4 Goals of Research Methods

 

4 goals & descriptions/examples

 

Definition

1. To Describe- i.e. to paint an accurate picture of workplace phenomenon

2. To Explain- i.e. to discover why certain work behaviors occurr.

3. To Predict- i.e. such as using a test to predict the best employee for a job.

4. To control/alter behavior to obtain desired outcomes- i.e. Raising feelings of job satisfaction by involving the employee and making them feel of use.

Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 2

 

Six Steps in Research Process:

List

Definition

1. Formulation of the problem or issue.

2. Generation of Hypotheses.

3. Selecting the research design- type of research method.

4. Collection of Data.

5. (Statistical) Analyses of research data

6. Interpretation of research results and drawing of conclusions.

 

Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 2

 

Variables

Definition

The elements measured in research investigations

 

Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 2

 

Hypotheses

Definition

Statements about the supposed relationships between or among variables.

Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 2

 

Theory/Model

Definition
The organization of beliefs into representation of the factors that affect behavior-- Models are representations of the factors that affect work behavior.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 2

 

Sampling

Definition
The selection of a representative group from a larger population for study
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 2

 

Random Sampling

Definition
The selection of research participants from a population so that each individual has an equal probability of being chosen.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 2

 

Stratified Sampling

Definition
The selection of research participants based on categories that represent important distinguishing characteristics of a population.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 2

 

Objectivity

Definition
The unbiased approach to observation and interpretations of behavior.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 2

Major Research Designs

 

Experimental Method

1. Def

2. Includes: 6 important things

Definition

1. A research design characterized by a high degree of control over the research setting to allow for the determination of cause-&-effect relationships among variables.

 

2. Includes:

-Independent Variable

-Dependent Variable

-Treatment Group

-Control Group

-Extraneous Variables

-Random Assignment

Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 2

Major Research Designs

 

Quasi-Experiment

Definition
Follows the experimental design but lacks random assignment and/or manipulation of variables.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 2

Major Research Designs

 

The Correlational Method

Definition

A research design that examines the relationship among or between variables as they naturally occurr, but it does not prove causation.

[*Positive (+) & *Negative (-) Correlations]
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 2

Major Research Designs

 

 

Meta-Analysis

& effect size

Definition

A technique that allows results from several different research studies to be combined and summarized.

 

Effect Size: An estimate of the magnitude of a relationship or the effect found in a research investigation.

Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 2

Major Research Designs

 

 

The Case Study Method

Definition
A research investigation involving a one-time assessment of behavior.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 2

Major Research Designs

 

List All 5

Definition

1. Experimental Method

2. Quasi-Method

3. The Correlational Method

4. Meta-Analysis

5. The Case-Study Method

Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 2

Major Research Designs

 

Independent Variable

Definition
In teh experimental method, the variable that is manipulated by the researcher.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 2

Major Research Designs

 

Dependent Variable

Definition
In the experimental method, the variable that is acted on by the independent variable; the outcome variable.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 2

Major Research Designs

 

Treatment Group

Definition
The4 group in the experimental investigation that is subjected to the change in the independent variable.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 2

Major Research Designs

 

Control Group

Definition

A comparison group in an experimental investigation that receives no treatment.

 

Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 2

Major Research Designs

 

Extraneous Variables

Definition

Variables other than the independent variable that may influence the dependent variable.

Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 2

Major Research Designs

 

Random Assignment

Definition

A method of assigning subjects to groups by chance to control for the effects of extraneous variables.

e.g. Of experimental method-

 A Laboratory & A Field Experiment.

Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 2

Measurment of Variables

Operationalized

Definition
Clearly Defining a research variable →so that it can be measured.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 2

Measurment of Variables

 

Obtrusive Observation:

Definition
Research observation in which the presence of the observer is known to the participants.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 2

Measurment of Variables

 

Unobtrusive Observation

Definition
Research observation in which the presence of the researcher is not known to the participants.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 2

Measurment of Variables

 

Self-Report Techniques

 

Definition
Measurement methods reyling on research participants' reports of their own behavior or attitudes.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 2

Measurment of Variables

 

Surveys

Definition
A common self-report measure in which participants are asked to report on their attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors. (the answers may then be used for statistcal analysis or correlation)
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 2

Interpreting Research Results

 

Internal Validity

Definition

The extent to which extraneous or confounding variables are removed

 

Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 2

Interpreting Research Results

External Validity

Definition
Whether research results obtained in one setting will apply to another setting
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 2

Interpreting Research Results

Informed Consent: Ethical Issues

Definition
A research participant is fully informed of the nature of the experiment and has the right not to participate.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 2

Interpreting Research Results

 

Quantitative Data

(Measurment)

Definition

Can be measured!

Data that measure some numerical quantity.

e.g. test scores

Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 2

Interpreting Research Results

 

 

Qualitative Data

(Categorical or Frequency)

Definition

Can not be measured :(

 

Datat that measure some category or measurement quality.

e.g. number of times a person exhibits a behavior.

Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 2

Interpreting Research Results

Descriptive Statistics

Definition
Arithmetical formulas for summarizing and describing data
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 2

Interpreting Research Results

Frequency Distribution

Definition
A descriptive statistical technique that arranges scores by category
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 2

Interpreting Research Results

Measures of Central Tendency

Definition
Present the center point in a distribution scale. (of scores)
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 2

Interpreting Research Results

 

Variablitiy

Definition

Estimate the distribution of scores around the middle or average score.

Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 2

Interpreting Research Results

 

Mean

Definition
A measure of central tendency, aka the average
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 2

Interpreting Research Results

 

Median

Definition
A measure of central tendency, the midpoint of distribution of the scores.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 2

Interpreting Research Results

 

Standard Deviation

Definition
A measure of variablitiy of scores in a frequency distribution.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 2

Interpreting Research Results

 

Inferential Statistics

Definition
Statisical Techniques used for analysing data to test hypotheses.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 2

Interpreting Research Results

 

Statistical Significance

Definition

The probability of a particular result occurring by chance, used to determine the meaning of research outcomes.

 

If the probability of occurrence by chance is less than .05 (P < .05) then the research is said to be statistically significant.

Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 2

Interpreting Research Results

 

T-Test

Definition
A statistical test for examining the difference between the means of two groups
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 2

Interpreting Research Results

 

Normal Distribution

Definition

(bell shaped curve)

A distribution of scores alongt a continuum with known properties.

Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 2

Interpreting Research Results

 

Correlation Coefficiant

Definition

A statistical technique used to determine the strength of a relationship between two variables

(+1.00 or -1.00)

(Shows the presence of a relationship NOT cause)

Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 3

Job Analysis

 

 

Personnel Psychology

Definition
The specialty area of I/O Psychology focusing on an organization's human resources
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 3

Job Analysis

 

 

Duties for Personnel Psychology

(8)

 

Definition

1. Recruitment

2. Selection

3. Placement

4. Appraisal (job performance evaluation)

5. Training

6. Job Design- job fits the individual

7. Safety- prevention

8. Personnel decisions-

    e.g. promotion, compensation, firing, transfer

 

Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 3

Job Analysis

 

 

Anastasi 4 Steps

Definition

1. Set Criteria: define each job separately- job analysis

 

2. Guess Predictors: how a person should perform- assessment

 

3. Validation (r): Correlate job performance with original test scores

 

4. Set Decision Strategy:

    a- eliminate invalid predictors/keep valid ones

    b- decide the optimal way to use good decisions and eliminate bad ones.

Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 3

Job Analysis

 

 

Job Analysis

1. Def

2. Elements?

3. FJA?

Definition

1. The systematic study of the tasks, duties, and responsibilities of a job and the qualities needed to perform it.

 

2. Job Elements- i.e. what it takes to do a job

 

3. FJA: Functional Job Analysis- knowledge, skills, & abilities

Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 3

Job Analysis

 

 

Job Description

 

Definition

A detailed description of job tasks, procedures, and responsibilities; the tools and equipment uses; and the end product or service.

 

Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 3

Job Analysis

 

Job Specification

Definition
A statement of the human characteristics required to perform a job
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 3

Job Analysis

 

Job Evaluation

 

Definition

An assessment of the relative value of a job to determine appropriate compensation.

Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 3

Job Analysis

 

Job Analysis Methods

(& descriptions)

(5)

Definition

1. Observations- observing and taking notes on work behaviors

 

2. Participation- job analyst actually doing a job to get a first hand understanding of how the job is performed

 

3. Existing Data- records of analysis

 

4. Interviews

 

5. Surveys- Administration of questionnaires.

Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 3

Job Analysis

 

Subject Matter Expert

(SME)

job diaries?

Definition

An individual who has detailed knowledge about a particular job.

 

Job Diaries: Having incumbents record their daily activities.

 

Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 3

Job Analysis

 

Uses of Job Analysis

(6)

Definition

1. Apraise the performance of individuals

2. Group performance appraisal

    i.e. rating a units output

3. Training

4. Improved Procedures

5. Safety- reduce accidents

6. Equipment Design

 

Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 3

Specific Job Analysis Techniques

 

Job Element Method

Definition
A job analysis method that analyzes jobs in terms of the knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics required to perform the jobs.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 3

Specific Job Analysis Techniques

 

Functional Job Analysis

 

DOT

SOC

O*NET

Definition

Structured Job Analysis technique that examines the sequence of tasks in a job and the processes by which they are completed.

 

DOT:

Dictionary of Occupational Titles- a reference guide that classifies and describes over 40,000 jobs.

 

SOC:

Standard Occupational Classification- a 9 digit code representing a job category and the level of functioning of a job.

 

O*NET:

The U.S. Departmetn of Labor's web site that provides comprehensive information about jobs & careers.

 

Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 3

Specific Job Analysis Techniques

 

DOT

Definition
Dictionary of Occuopational Titles- A reference guide that classifies and describes over 40,000 jobs
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 3

Specific Job Analysis Techniques

 

SOC

Definition

Standard Occupational Classification- a 9 digit code representing a job category and the level of functioning for a job

 

Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 3

Specific Job Analysis Techniques

 

O*NET

Definition
The U.S. Department of Labor's web site that provides information about jobs and careers.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 3

Specific Job Analysis Techniques

 

PAQ

Definition
Position Analysis Questionnaire- A job analysis technique that uses a structured questionnaire to analyze jobs according to 187 job statements, grouped into 6 categories.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 3

Specific Job Analysis Techniques

 

Critical Incidents Technique

 

Definition

A job analysis technique that relies on instances of especially successful or unsuccessful job performance.

 

Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 3

Specific Job Analysis Techniques

 

Compensable Factors

Definition

The job elements that are used to determine appropriate compensation for a job.

 

e.g. the physical demands of a job, amount of training or experience required, working conditions, and any responsibility that the job carries.

Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 3

Specific Job Analysis Techniques

 

Comparable Worth

Definition

The notion that jobs that require equivalent KSAO's (knowledge, skills, abililities, and other attributes) should be compensated equally

 

Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 3

Specific Job Analysis Techniques

 

Exceptioning

Definition
The practice of ignoring pay discrepancies between particular jobs processing equivalent duties and responsibilities.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 3

Specific Job Analysis Techniques

 

Glass Ceiling

Definition
Limitations placed on women and minoritites preventing them from advancing into top-level positions in organizations.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 5

Evaluating Employee Performance

 

Performance Appraisals

Definition
The formalized means of assessing worker performance in comparison to certain established organizational standards.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 5

Evaluating Employee Performance

 

Performance Criteria

Definition
Measures used to determine successful job performance.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 5

Evaluating Employee Performance

 

Objective Performance Criteria

Definition
Measures of a job performance that are easily quantified

e.g. a number # of units produced, dollar amount $ of sales, time needed to process, etc.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 5

Evaluating Employee Performance

 

Subjective Performance Criteria

Definition
Measures of a job performance that typically consist of ratings or judgments of performance.

e.g. ratings made by a supervisor or a coworker
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 5

Evaluating Employee Performance

 

Criterion Relevance

Definition
The extent to which the means of appraising performance is pertinent to job success.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 5

Evaluating Employee Performance

 

Criterion Contamination

Definition
The extent to which performance appraisals contain elements that distract from the accurate assessment of job effectiveness.

e.g. a supervisor may give an employee an overly positive performance appraisal because the employee has a good reputation of past work success.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 5

Evaluating Employee Performance

 

Criterion Deficiency

Definition
The degree to which a criterion falls short of measuring a job.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 5

Evaluating Employee Performance

 

Criterion Usefulness

Definition
The extent to which a performance criterion is usable in appraising a particular job.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 5

Evaluating Employee Performance

 

Sources of Performance Ratings

(6)
Definition
1. Supervisor appraisals 2. Self appraisals 3. Peer Appraisals 4. Subordinate Appraisal 5. Customer Appraisals 6. 360 Feedback
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 5

Evaluating Employee Performance

 

360 Degree Feedback 
Definition
A method of gathering performance appraisals from a worker's supervisor, subordinates, peers, customers, and other relevant parties.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 5

Methods of Rating Performance

 

Comparative Methods
Definition
Performance appraisal methods involving comparisons of one workers performance against that of another.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 5

Methods of Rating Performance

 

Comparative Methods 
Definition
Performance appraisal mehthods involving comparisons of one worker's performance against that of another.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 5

Methods of Rating Performance

 

Rankings   
Definition
Performance appraisal methods involving the ranking of supervisees from best to worst.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 5

Methods of Rating Performance

 

Paired Comparison  
Definition
Performance Appraisal method n which the rater compares each worker with each other worker in the group.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 5

Methods of Rating Performance

 

Forced Distributions 
Definition
Assigning workers to establushed categories of poor to good performance with fixed limitations on how many employees can be assigned to each category.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 5

Individual Methods

 

Individual Methods
Definition
Performance appraisal methods that evaluate an employee by himself/herself, without explicit reference to other workers.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 5

Individual Methods

 

Graphic Rating Scales
Definition

Performance appraisal methods using a predetermined scale to rate the worker on important job dimensions.

 

e.g. quality of work, dependability, and the ability to get along with other workers.  

Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 5

Individual Methods

 

Behaviorally Anchore Rating Scales 

BARS 

Definition
BARS: Performance appraisal techniwue using rating scales with labels refelcting examples of poor, average, and good behavioral incidents.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 5

Individual Methods

 

Behavioral Ovservational Scales

BOS 

Definition
Performance appraisal methods that require appraisers to recall how often a worker has been  observed performing key work behaviors.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 5

Individual Methods

 

Checklist
Definition
Performance appraisal methods using a series of statements about job performance.

The raters task is to check off the statements that apply to the workers behaviors.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 5

Individual Methods

 

Narratives
Definition
Open ended written accounts of a workers performance used in performance appraisals.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 5

Individual Methods

 

Leniency Error
Definition
The tendency to give all workers very positive performance appraisals.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 5

Individual Methods

 

Severity Error
Definition
The tendnecy to give all workers very negative performance appraisals.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 5

Individual Methods

 

Central Tendency Error
Definition
The tendency to give all workers the midpoint rating in performance appraisals.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 5

Individual Methods

 

Halo Effect
Definition
An overall positive evaluation of a worker based on one known positive characteristic or action.

e.g. they graduated from Harvard.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 5

Individual Methods

 

Recency Effect
Definition
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 5

Individual Methods

 

Causal Attribution

1.Def

2. Types (2) 

Definition

Def: The process by which people assign cause to events or behaviors.

 

Types:

1. The first type is the tendency to give more extreme appraisals if it is believed that the cause of a worker's performance is rooted in effort rather than ability.

2. The second type is called actor observer bias 

 

Actor Observer Bias: the tendency for observers to overattribute cause to characteristics of the actor (i.e. ability effort and personality) and the tendency for the actor to overattribute cause to situational characteristics (i.e. task difficulty, luck, work environment)   

 

 

Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 5

Individual Methods

 

Performance Feedback 
Definition
The process of giving information to a worker about performance level with suggestions for future improvement.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 5

Individual Methods

 

Human Factors

 

Definition
A specialty area of I/O ψ concerned with designing tools or devices used to perform a task.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 5

Individual Methods

 

Operator Machine System

Definition
The interaction between workers and tools or devices used to perform a task.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 5

Individual Methods

 

Ergonomics

Definition
Optimizing human well being and overall system performance.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 5

Individual Methods

 

Time Motion Studies
Definition
Procedures in which work tasks are broken down into simple component movements and the movements timed to develop a more efficient method for performing the tasks.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 9

Stress & Burnout

 

Health Psychology ψ
Definition
Deals with the physical effects of stress.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 9

Stress & Burnout

 

Stress
Definition
Heightened arousal
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 9

Stress & Burnout

 

Selye 1956 

huh? 

Definition

Defines stress as GAS

or

General Adaptation Syndrome.  

Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 9

Stress & Burnout

 

Eustress
Definition

Good stress associated with peak performance

 

e.g. exercise  

Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 9

Stress & Burnout

 

Distress
Definition
Bad Stress that interferes with performance.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 9

Stress & Burnout

 

Stressor
Definition
An environmental event that is perceived by an individual to be threatening.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 9

Stress & Burnout

 

Work Stress
Definition
The physiological and/or psychological reactions to events that are perceived to be threatening or taxing.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 9

Stress & Burnout

 

Situational Stress 
Definition
Stress arising from certain conditions that exist in the work environment, or in the worker's personal life.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 9

Stress & Burnout

 

Dispositional Stress 
Definition
Stress arising from innate conditions of the individual such as outlook or attitude.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 9

Stress & Burnout

 

Work Overload 
Definition
A common source of stress resulting when a job requires excessive speed, output, or concentration.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 9

Stress & Burnout

 

Underutilization 
Definition
A source of stress resulting from workers feeling that their knowledge, skills, or energy are not being fully used.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 9

Stress & Burnout

 

Job Ambiguity 
Definition
A source of stress resulting from a lack of clearly defined jobs and/or work tasks.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 9

Stress & Burnout

 

Lack of Control
Definition

A feeling of having little input or effect on the job and/or work environment.

 

Typically owns results in stress.  

Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 9

Stress & Burnout

 

Interpersonal Stress
Definition
Stress arising from difficulties with others in the workplace
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 9

Stress & Burnout

 

Emotional Labor
Definition
The demands of regulating and controlling emotions in the workplace.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 9

Stress & Burnout

 

Work Family Conflict 
Definition
Cumulative Stress that results from duties of work and family roles.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 9

Stress & Burnout

 

Physical Stress
Definition

Conditions of the workplace

 

i.e. too hot or too cold.

Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 9

Stress & Burnout

 

Technostress

&
Disposisional Stressors relate to?

Definition

Technology changing individual sources of work stress.

 

(Always ahead of people)

 

Dispositional Stressors relate to → Attitude

 

Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 9

Stress & Burnout

 

Type A Behavior Pattern
Definition
A personality characterized by excessive drive, competitiveness, impatiance, and hostility that has been linked to greater incidence or coronary heart disease.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 9

Stress & Burnout

 

Hardiness
Definition
The notion that some people may be more resistant to the health damaging effects of stress than others.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 9

Stress & Burnout

 

Type B Behavior Pattern 
Definition
People who are not stressed and don't seek out stress.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 9

Stress & Burnout

 

Susceptibility
Definition
Someone easily disturbed by stress.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 9

Stress & Burnout

 

Self Efficacy 
Definition
An individual's beliefs in his or her abilities to engae in courses of action that will lead to desired outcomes.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 9

Measures of Worker Stress

 

Physiological Measures of Stress
Definition

Measures the bodily functions and responses

 

i.e.  heart rate, sweat, breathing, etc.

Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 9

Measures of Worker Stress

 

Self Report
Definition
Asking people directly to report on their own perceived stress through various rating scales.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 9

Measures of Worker Stress

 

SLE

Stressful Life Events 

Definition

Categorize stressful life events from 1 to 100

 

e.g. loss of spouse is 100 on the scale  

Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 9

Measures of Worker Stress

 

Person Environment Fit

(P E) 

Definition

Not the job or the work environment or the individual, but a combination of these factors in an inefficient way.

 

E.g. a fast working individual put in a slow paced work environment.  

Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 9

Measures of Worker Stress

 

List the 4 Measures of Worker Stress
Definition

1. Physiological Measures of Stress

2. Self Report

3. SLE Stressful Life Events

4. Person Environment (PE) Fit

 

Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 9

Frankenburger 1954 Burnout

 

Burnout
Definition
A syndrome resulting from prolonged exposure to work stress that leads to withdrawal from an organization.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 9

Frankenburger 1954 Burnout

 

Burnout 

3 Components 

Definition
1. Emotional Exhaustion
 
2. Depersonalization
e.g. cynicism: seeing individuals as impersonal objects
 
3. Personal Achievement
i.e. trying harder and getting less done.  
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 9

Frankenburger 1954 Burnout

 

MBI

Maslach Burnout Inventory 

Definition
To discover how various persons in the human services or helping professions view their jobs and the people with whom they work closely.
Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 9

Frankenburger 1954 Burnout

 

Individual Coping Strategies
Definition

Techniques that can be used to deal with work stress.

 

e.g.  exercise, meditiation, or cognitive restructuring

Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 9

Frankenburger 1954 Burnout

 

Organizational Coping Strategies

Def & 7 Examples 

Definition

Techniques that organizations can use to reduce stress for all or most employees

 

e.g.

1. improving the person/job fit

2. improving employees training and orientation programs

3. increasing employees sense of control

4. eliminate punitive management

5. remove hazardous or dangerous work conditions 6. provide a supportive, team oriented work environment

7. improve communication.

Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 9

Frankenburger 1954 Burnout

 

Counterproductive Work Behaviors

(CWB's) 

Definition

Deviant, negative behaviors that are harmful to an organization and its workers.

 

e.g. stealing, vandalism, sabotage, harassment, drugs, etc.   

Term

I-O Psychology ψ 

Chapter 9

Frankenburger 1954 Burnout

 

Employee Assistance Program's

(EAP's) 

Definition
Counseling provided for a variety of worker problems, particularily drug and alcohol abuse.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!