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10,000 - 3500 BC
transition from farming to metal tools |
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Old stone age: distant past around 10,000-Agriculure Revoltution
People start moving from hunting and gathering to crops |
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| belived if you mixed copper & tin it would turn into Bronze |
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| What makes a Civilization |
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Cities: Urban culture
Religion
Government: King (leader)
Political Order
Social Hierarchy
Surplus (water,crops)
Workers
Education
Scribes: Writing |
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has two major rivers (Tigress & Euphrates) cause surplus of food. Temperature climate down the coast. Its really dry desert like. Both rivers flood once a year & distributes minerals in area. Semitic people grow crops.
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| included Sumeria and the Akkadian, Babylonian andAssyrian empires, all native to the territory of modern-day Iraq. |
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People from modern day Turkey (from the north)
Polytheism: they worship many gods (4 main gods)
Their gods are anthropomophism |
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taking on the form of humans or
human-like |
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Sumerian City State
Gilgamesh was king of Uruk |
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| Large religious structures (Steps with a room on top with a diety) dominating a city |
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| wedge shaped writing (artists living in cities realized how to make these wedge shaped lines and used the medium to preserve ideas. As they hardened it made them last over 5,000 years) |
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| popular- one picture to define one word |
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"Creation Acount" how they envisioned the creation of man
Gods were tired of their labor so they made man to work for them |
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Dominant during the Akkadian Empire: he
formed supper groups that formed empires |
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- great ruler of ancient world
- 1st king to write laws down for everyone to read(some of them are terrifying orther sound familiar)
- "Semitic Civilization build on a Sumerian foundation"
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| dry paper that helped preserve documents |
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| left a law code for the old Babylonian Empire |
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| They are the first to use iron. Transition from bronze to iron introduced weapons of war, tools for building, iron chariots for transportation. |
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| Massive empire of hittites for the course of 200 years |
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first major group from the north speaking Indo-European language (German, Latin, Greek)
No literary evidence only proof is the Bible |
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created by the sistem collapse : famous capitals are Tyre and Sidon
Localization and "Breathing Room" |
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| means "city" and "diety" was a city found by Assyrians |
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A second capital of Assyria
Book of Jonah
Rebuilt by Sennacherib
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located in Nineveh
collection of thousands of clay tablets
where the Epic of Gilgamesh was found |
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- lasted only a century
- Associated most from scripture (King Nebuchadnezzar II character in the book of Daniel) expands Babylonian empire & establishes massive 8 mile wall around the city.
- Captivity of Israel
- Fall of Babylon (the Persians) befan to threaten Greek city states
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Medes and Persians actually came together as a single state to defeat Babylon
Satrap is a providence created by the Persians |
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- Indo-European Expansion
- Medes & Persians divided into two groups
- Expansion
- Cyrus the Great: defeats Babylon with Medes & Persians
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- Small Nation, Big Ideas
- Monotheism: Hebrews served one God
- Creation of Humanity
- Convenant: Blessing & Curses
- Hebrews give honest and sophisticated account of why we suffer
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| Not only is there one God but that God is good |
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| Mycenaean : Bronze Age Greece |
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Heinrich Schliemann discovered this place that was talked about in the literature of Homer
First to find Shaft Graves with gold death mask "the mask of Agamemnon"
- Walled cities
- Bronze Age Tools
Tomb of Atreus : Agamenmnon's father
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Discovery & Myth by Author Evans
Palace Complex: other cities were found also know as palaces
No walls around the city rulled by women
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| a gold statue discovered by Author Evans apart of the Minoan Culture |
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| a city with no walls ruled by women in which people sit around undressed having fun dancing in meadows |
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