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Humanities
2nd midterm
89
History
Undergraduate 1
03/14/2006

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Term
Dark Ages
Definition
1200-800 BC (or 700)
Term
First Olympics
Definition
776 BC
Term
Homeric Epics
Definition
750 BC
Term
Archaic Period
Definition
800-500 BC
Term
Persian Wars
Definition
490-479 BC
Term
Persian Wars
Definition
490-479 BC
Term
Hellenistic Era
Definition
323 (death of Alexander) to late 1st century BC
Term
When did Alexander the Great rule?
Definition
336-323 BC
(13 years)
Term
Hellenistic Era
Definition
323-31 BC
(death of Alexander)
Term
Describe the Greek (pre)culture
Definition
* Sea-oriented
* High standard of living
* depended on the sea for food
-fishing
Term
What was the climate like in Greece and what resulted from it?
Definition
* unpredictable
* supported olives and grapes
* necessitated need for trade of other
foods
Term
Where were the Cycladic Islands located?
Definition
In the Aegean Sea east of Greece
Term
Describe the Minoan culture.
Definition
* "Palace Culture"
* Peace and Prosperity
* emphasized the importance of the sea and
nature
* happiness
* opposite of the Myceneans
Term
Describe the "Palace Culture"
Definition
* citizens lived around the palace
* the palace served as a redistribution
center
-pay taxes, redistributed goods
* built on a slope
Term
Who was Arthur Evans and what is he famous for?
Definition
An archaeologist who excavated Crete and discovered the Palace at Knossos, brought them back to the Oxford Museum where he was curator
*uncovered the Minoan culture
Term
What did the Cycladic idols depict and represent?
Definition
* Cults of the goddesses as guides to the
underworld
* Musician figures-males, rituals
Term
Describe the Palace at Knossos
Definition
* unfortified
* labrynth-like rooms
* magazine storage for goods-redistribution
Term
Describe Minoan religion
Definition
* The Bull was their symbol of power and
virility
* Bull vaulting-a contest for the young
men as a sacrifice to the gods
* The snake was symbolic of rebirth,
regeneration, and rejuvenation
-Snake Goddess
Term
Describe the Minoan palace art
Definition
* frescoes-wet paint on plaster-depicted
young men and women
* "La Parisienne"-dolphins and sea lifed
* Pillars made of upside down tree trunks
with black, white, and OKUR being the
dominant colors
Term
Describe the Mycenean culture
Definition
* Opposite of the Minoans
* War and adversity
* valued and protected land
* think DEFENSE!
Term
Describe the structure of Mycenean cities
Definition
* Citadel-fortified palace
* 20' thick walls for DEFENSE
* Tiryns, cyclopian walls
Term
What is the "Treasury of Atreus"?
Definition
It contained mummified bodies with honey, it was filled with gold, goods, and funerary masks.
*Connection with Egypt*
Term
What is a hoplite? A phalanx?
Definition
They're soldiers, silly!
Term
What happened to the Myceneans?
Definition
The Dorians came and screwed them over!
They had iron which cut through those stupid Myceneans' bronze. And they thought they were so smart.
Term
Mycenean art vs. Minoan art. Examples?
Definition
Mycenean--"Warrior Vase"
Minoan--"Octupus Jar"-Harvester Vase
Term
What were some of the changes and characteristics in Greek life in the Archaic Age?
Definition
* Started traveling more
* birth of legends, stories (Homer)
* Arete-emphasized excellence, balance
* "Oikos"-family, household
* development of the polis (city)
Term
What was so important about Homer's Iliad and Odyssey?
Definition
They were the basis of Greek life-
-education
-entertainment
-society (definitive)
-law
Term
The Iliad
Definition
*Warrior Arete*
-being the perfect warrior
-overcome selfish pitfalls
Term
The Odyssey
Definition
*Domestic Arete*
-recognizes you have to go home, fulfill responsibility

Odysseus' wife Penelope had been waiting for him for 20 years-->ideal Greek wife, Telemucus would not take over until Odysseus turned over the kingdom himself-->ideal Greek son
Term
The Iliad
Definition
Story of the Trojan War, Aphrodite gave Helen, a Mycenean King's wife, to Paris, war broke loose to restore Helen to King Menelaus
Term
Dionysus
Definition
god of wine and revelry
died in the winter, born again in the spring--birth of theater
Term
What is the significance of the Archaic Age?
Definition
* Greece opened up to the world
* Philosophy and ideas from Asia
* Trade goods with surrounding countries
* Architecture from Egypt
* Art, sculptures from Africa
* Alphabet, language from Phoenicia
Term
What are the 2 parts of a polis?
Definition
Agora-formal meeting place for citizens (lower city)
Acropolis- (high city)
Term
What is the difference between Sparta (Pelopennesus) and Athens?
Definition
Sparta treated there women better, gave them more freedom, responsibility. They also more war-centered, emphasized the need to fight and conquer.
Athens was was a thinking city, focused on democracy and ideals. Women were to be out of sight, out of mind.
Term
Who was Herodotus?
Definition
The "Father of History"; combined history with jyth
Term
What was the significance of the Battle of Marathon?
Definition
It was a huge victory for the Greeks against the Persians.
Term
What is the Delian League?
Definition
Athens and allies joined forces for a mutual defense against a 3rd Persian invasion.
The Headquarters were on Delos island which wasd neutral, where they stored their treasury for tribute.
Term
Who was Pericles?
Definition
A leader in Athens, also an aristocrat, general, and leader of the Delian League. Moved the treasury from Delos to Athens and caused much controversy because he used it all to build a statue of Athena in Athens to protect them from invasion, but the rest of the league didn't agree. Killed off those who didn't. led to the Pelopennesian Wars.
Term
What was the cause of the Pelopennesian wars?
Definition
Sparta feared Athenian imperialism, attacked and Athens was never the great cultural center it was again.
Term
What does kaloi kagath mean?
Definition
The good and the beautiful
Term
What did Homer stress and what did this lead to?
Definition
Individualism, which led to free inquiry and the stress on human reason
Term
What was significant about the Greek religion that contributed to humanistic ideas?
Definition
There was no supreme being so the citizens looked to themselves, which allowed for free examination
Term
Oracle at Delphi
Definition
"Know Thyself"
Term
Pythagoras
Definition
proportion, mathematics
Term
Describe Socrates and his beliefs.
Definition
Not one of the "kaloi kagath", irritated the Greeks because he was always urging them to question what they knew and to find the source of truth.
*Socratic Method
Term
What was Plato known for?
Definition
Idealism-the Theory of Forms, Allegory of the Cave. "Reality lies in the realm of ideas", emphasized need for education
Term
Aristotle
Definition
Empiricism-using senses and reason to discover truth
Disagreed with Plato about idealism
*Realism(thisworldliness)
*Syllogisms
*Doctrine of the Mean
Term
What is the significance of the Temple of Athena Nike?
Definition
Celebrated the Greek victory over Persians
Term
What is the significance of the Erectheum?
Definition
It was the home of the first king, site of the contest between Athenda and Poseidon.
Term
What is the significance of the Erectheum?
Definition
It was the home of the first king, site of the contest between Athenda and Poseidon.
Term
What was the significance of the Parthenon?
Definition
It was dedicated to Athena, the goddess of war strategy
Term
What did the Parthenon represent?
Definition
Idealism
Rationalism
Harmonic Proportions
Humanism
Term
Significance of the Statue of Athena Promachus
Definition
made with bronze of the defeated Persians
Term
Dodson Yerkes
Definition
The law that states that performance is best under conditions of moderate arousal
Term
basal metabolism rate
Definition
The minimum amount of energy used by an individual in a resting state
Term
When were the pyramids at Giza constructed around?
Definition
2500 B.C.
Term
Who said "Egypt is the Gift of the Nile"?
Definition
Herodotus
Term
Politically, Mesopotamia was a: a)democracy ruled by the people b)republic led by a wealthy few c)unified empire under a king d)series of city-states
Definition
a series of city states
Term
The Second Intermediate Period was a time of: a)invasions from outside Egypt b)civil war and unrest c)experimentations with democracy d)great pyramid building
Definition
invasions from outside Egypt
Term
The Temple of Rameses II is built out of what
Definition
the living rock
Term
Which of the following did the Hyksos not introduce into Egypt? a)the wheel b)chariots c)horses d)writing
Definition
writing
Term
What is the Armana period noted for? a)monotheism b)democracy c)pyramid building d)empire building
Definition
monotheism
Term
During the Paleolithic era, the weather was typically
Definition
cold
Term
New Kingdom Egypt is also referred to as what?
Definition
Empire Period
Term
Where were Egyptian tombs always located
Definition
on the west side of the Nile
Term
The Summer Solstice marks which day of the year?
Definition
with the longest daylight
Term
How long did the Egyptian practice of embalming and mummification take?
Definition
40-70 days
Term
Approximately when was the Epic of Gilgamesh written down?
Definition
2700 B.C.
Term
The geography of Mesopotamia is noted for its: a)flat plains b)wide deserts c)high mountains d)deep lakes
Definition
flat plains
Term
Alexandria and Pergamum were 2 _________ cities. Persian, hellenic, Hellenistic or Etruscan
Definition
Hellenistic
Term
What did Heinrich Schliemann discover?
Definition
the city of Troy
Term
What are the wars between Sparta and Athens called?
Definition
The Pelopennesian Wars
Term
The first sculpture to show weight shift (contrapposto) was the: a)Kritios Boy b)Erectheum Caryatid c)Spearbearer d)Athena Nike
Definition
the Kritios Boy
Term
Unwanted baby girls were often raised by others to become: a)heterai b)slaves c)priestesses d)aretes
Definition
heterai
Term
What event is said to have begun the Hellenistic Era?
Definition
the death of Alexander
Term
The position of women in Etruscan society appears to have been similar to the position of women in which other society?
Definition
Minoan
Term
Who was responsible for facilitating the rebuilding of the Parthenon?
Definition
Pericles
Term
The Parthenon is said to reflect Athenian: a)tyranny b)timocracy c)monarchy d)democracy
Definition
democracy
Term
Greek theatre developed out of what
Definition
the worship of Dionysus
Term
Who did the Hellenistic artists and architects have a strong influence on?
Definition
Romans
Term
What is the Mycenean culture noted for?
Definition
its warrior aristocracy
Term
Which order of Greek column is associated with men and male proportion?
Definition
Doric
Term
Who said "Buildings live on long after man's deeds are forgotten"?
Definition
Pericles
Term
The highest level of military designation in Sparta is when a soldier earned the title of: a)Hoplite b)Phalanx c)Helot d)Equal
Definition
Equal
Term
In Greece, the time period between 1200-800 B.C. is known as the: a)Mycenean Era b)Archaic Period c)Classical Era d)Dark Ages
Definition
Dark Ages
Term
Zeus was the civic deity of which Greek polis? a)Corinth b)Thebes c)Sparta d)Olympia
Definition
Olympia
Term
How many years did an individual have to leave for when ostracized from Athens?
Definition
10
Term
Herodotus tells us that the Etruscans probably came from Lydia, which is located in: a)Greece b)Asia Minor c)Italy d)Persia
Definition
Asia Minor
Term
Who first wrote about the Persian Wars?
Definition
Herodotus
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