Term
| Identify the artist of The Old Guitar Player (1905). __________ [image] |
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Definition
| Pablo Picasso. One of the first to use cubism, Picasso (1881-1973) created The Old Guitar Player during his “blue period” from 1901-1904, a time when his works were predominantly painted in blue tones. |
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Term
| Identify the artist of Dusk (1908). ___________ [image] |
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Definition
| Claude Monet. A French landscape painter, Monet (1840-1926) is credited with helping found impressionism. He created Dusk just as his eyesight began to deteriorate from cataracts, although many consider his later works to be among his best. His specialty was breaking down light and allowing it to dissolve his subjects. |
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Term
Identify the artist of The Starry Night (1889). ___________ [image] |
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Definition
| Vincent van Gogh. A postimpressionist, van Gogh (1853-1890) only sold one painting during his lifetime. Mentally ill for most of his short life, he cut off his ear during a fit of dementia, and painted some of his best works (including Sunflowers and Night Café) during these episodes. He shot himself after spending three months in a mental institution, too full of despair to go on. |
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Term
Identify the artist of Clock Explosion. ___________ [image] |
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Definition
| Salvador Dali. A leader in surrealism, Dali (1904-1989) painted very precise, nightmarish images. His other works include Persistence of Memory, The Elephants, and The Meditative Rose. |
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Term
Identify the artist of Jack in the Pulpit IV (1930). __________ [image] |
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Definition
| Georgia O'Keeffe. Realistic nature images with strong, vibrant colors identify the works of O’Keeffe (1887-1986). She pays particular detail to the sexual organs of flowers. Her other works include Petunia (1925), Cow’s Skull, Red, White, and Blue (1931), and Red Amaryllis (1937). |
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Term
These paintings are representative of the _____ _______ movement: [image] [image] |
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Definition
| Art deco. Popular in the 1920s and 30s, art deco work contains geometric three-dimensional forms and curvy surfaces. Subjects are typically men and women from high society jazz age. Pictured here are Portr du Marquis d'Afflitto and Autoportrait by Tamara de Lempicka. |
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Term
This painting is known as a(n) ____________. [image] |
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Definition
Abstraction. Instead of dealing with recognizable imagery, abstract art focuses on colors and form. Pictured here is Untitled by Jackson Pollock.
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Term
Identify the artist of Liberty Leading People (1831). __________ [image] |
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Definition
| Eugene Delacroix. Known for his dramatic imagery, the French romantic painter Delacroix (1798-1863) also created The Massacre of Chios (1824). |
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Term
| Jean-Francois Millet, Eugene Delacroix, J.M.W. Turner, and William Blake were all artists of the _____________ movement. |
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Definition
| Romanticism. Covering the late eighteenth to early nineteenth centuries, the works of this period stressed the inherent goodness in humanity and shied away from earlier emphasis on reason in art. |
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Term
Identify the artist of Purple Robe (1937). ____________ [image] |
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Definition
| Henri Matisse. Known for his bold colors and thick, vibrant brushstrokes, Matisse (1869–1954) was a pioneer in the modernist movement. Other works include The Blue Nude (1907), The Piano Lesson (1916), and The Moorish Screen (1921). He also illustrated the works of Baudelaire. |
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Term
| Henri Matisse, Raoul Dufy, and Andre Derain were all artists during the ___________ movement. |
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Definition
| Fauvism. Lasting for three short years (1905-1908), fauvism served as the foundation for much of subsequent twentieth-century art. Its work was full of vibrant colors and boldly distorted figures. Matisse was the sole member of the group who continued to incorporate fauvism in his work after 1908. |
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Term
These paintings are representative of the ___________ period. [image] |
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Definition
| Baroque. A style characteristic of seventeenth and eighteenth century Europe, subjects of portraits expanded beyond religious figures to nature and ordinary individuals. Many paintings incorporated long hallways and views through windows or doorways. Pictured here are Girl with a Pearl Earring by Jan Vermeer and Self Portrait by Rembrandt. |
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Term
Identify the artist of Return of the Prodigal Son (1636). _____________ [image] |
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Definition
| Rembrandt. Showing a particular interest in painting the poor and downtrodden, Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (1606-1669) is considered the best Dutch painter in history. Other works include Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp (1632), Aristotle Contemplating the Bust of Homer (1653), and The Night Watch. |
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Term
| Leonardo da Vinci and Raphael were both artists during the ______ _____________. |
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Definition
| High Renaissance. From 1490 to 1520, High Renaissance style was composed of order, grace, and harmony, with perfectly proportioned subjects. Michelangelo was also an artist from this time period. |
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Term
| El Greco, Jacopo Tintoretto, and Antoine Caron all developed works in the style of ____________. |
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Definition
| Mannerism. An Italian art form from 1520-1600, the mannerism movement sought to go against the strict proportionality of the High Renaissance by deliberately skewing scales and figures, with harsh lighting. |
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Term
| The real name of painter ___ ________ (1541-1614) was Domenicos Theotocopoulos. His greatest work was titled Assumption. |
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Definition
El Greco. Much of his work expressed religious ecstasy, and El Greco painted many revealing works of devoted ascetics, most notable of which was Burial of the Count Orgaz. An expressionist, his work often included flickering lights. Other great works include Baptism, Crucifixion, and Resurrection.
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Term
These paintings are the work of _____________. [image] |
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Definition
| Thomas Gainsborough. Gainsborough (1727-1788) was one of the first great landscape artists of his time, and was recognized for painting every section of his works himself—unusual in the art field of that period. Pictured here are The Blue Boy and The Honorable Mrs. Graham. |
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Term
| An arrangement of colored tiles to form a decorative surface is a ___________. |
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Definition
| Mosaic. They can also be formed using glass, marble, or wood. Each piece, or tesserae, is combined to form geometric patterns or small images. Hagia Sophia, considered the greatest example of Byzantine architecture in existence, is richly decorated in glittering Eastern mosaics. |
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Term
| Developed in 1907 by Pablo Picasso and his contemporaries, __________ replaced the artistic tendencies of previous generations with fragmented three-dimensional images. |
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Definition
| Cubism. Originally done almost exclusively in blacks, whites, and grays, the abstract cubist forms were designed to appeal to the human intellect. By the 1920s, cubism took on more colors and represented less images of nature. |
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Term
| A(n) ___________ is a piece of artwork composed of three hinged panels. |
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Definition
| Triptych. Some famous examples include Hans Memling’s Adoration of the Magi (1479), Nicolas Froment’s The Burning Bush, and Max Beckmann’s Departure (1932). |
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Term
| Artwork composed of two separate, connected parts is called a(n) ____________. |
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Definition
| Diptych. Hubert van Eyck’s Crucifixion and Last Judgment and Hans Memling’s Diptych of Martin van Nieuwenhoven are two well-known diptychs. |
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Term
| ___________ is the art of painting plaster. |
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Definition
Fresco. True fresco, or buon fresco, involves painting on the plaster as it is drying, which provides a relatively permanent seal. However, such technique requires great speed and skill, as a large area must be completed before the plaster hardens. Below is an example of a famous fresco on a plastered wall, depicting the most popular - and dangerous - Minoan athletic event, the Bull-Leaping:
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Term
| As opposed to the true form of the technique, _____ ________ is the painting of dried plaster. |
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Definition
| Dry fresco. Unlike true fresco, artists are not required to complete an entire artwork in the little time it takes the plaster to harden. Dry fresco, or fresco secco, allows for much greater detail, and is almost exclusively used in dry climates where the paint is unlikely to wash away. |
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Term
| A large painting that spans an entire wall is a _________. |
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Definition
| Mural. Diego Rivera (1886-1957) was a famous Mexican painter made famous for his murals, as was David Alfaro Siqueiros (1896-1974), particularly for his March of Humanity mural (1968) in Mexico City. |
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Term
| In paintings, parallel lines appear to join at the ______________ ______. |
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Definition
| Vanishing point. Andrea dal Pozzo (1647-1709) was particularly known for his converging perspective, with parallel lines coming in from each corner and seeming to meet in the center. |
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Term
| The distribution of lightness and darkness in a painting is called ________________. |
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Definition
| Chiaroscuro. Meaning “light and dark” in Italian, the term originally referred to an early, obscure printing process. Antonio Correggio (1494-1534) and Caravaggio (1573-1610) were both well known for employing this technique in their works. |
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Term
| [image]This ____________ was created in Greece in 490 B.C. |
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Definition
| Amphora. Though the Greeks originally used amphoras, or jars, solely for practical purposes, the practice of decorating them grew progressively more elaborate over the years. Eventually, wealthier citizens considered amphoras to be decorations, not wine holders. |
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Term
This piece is titled A Man and a __________, in reference to the second creature displayed. [image] |
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Definition
| Centaur. A half-man, half-horse, centaurs frequently battled with men in Greek mythology. The centaur was considered the opposite of man, wild and uncivilized. |
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Term
This piece, a traditional meisho-e, characteristically focuses on _______ ______. [image] |
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Definition
| Mount Fuji. The Great Wave at Kanagawa, from the Edo Period (1615–1868), was done by Katsushika Hokusai. A meisho-e, or portrait of a famous place, characteristically focuses on Mount Fuji as the centerpiece of the work. |
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Term
| The ceiling of the _________ _________ in the Vatican was painted by Michelangelo. |
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Definition
| Sistine Chapel. From 1508-1512, Michelangelo painted nine stories from Genesis across the ceiling, along with The Last Judgment on the wall of the altar. Frescoes covering the walls of the Sistine Chapel were done by Perugino, Pinturicchio, Botticelli, Ghirlandaio, Rosselli, and Signorelli. |
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Term
| The world’s smallest nation, ____________ houses extensive art and manuscript archives. |
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Definition
| The Vatican. Ruled by the Pope, its museums include Museo Pio-Clementino, Chiaramonti Museum, the Braccio Nuovo, the Egyptian Museum and the Etruscan Museum, and the Pinacoteca Vaticana. |
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Term
| _____________ created the Gate of Hell, a collection of bronze sculptures adorning a large door. |
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Definition
| Auguste Rodin. A French sculptor, Rodin (1840-1917) never finished Gate of Hell, which was inspired by Dante’s Inferno. Also known for his drawings, he created the sculptures Pygmalion and Galatea, Danaïd (1885), and The Kiss (1886). |
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Term
| Born in 1475, ______________‘s work marked the High Renaissance period, his greatest masterpiece being The Last Judgment (1534). |
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Definition
| Michelangelo (Buonarroti). Both a sculptor and painter, his most famous works include painting the frescos inside the Sistine Chapel, and the sculpture David (1504). |
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Term
| ______________ (1452–1519) painted Mona Lisa (1503). |
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Definition
| Leonardo da Vinci. A symbol of the Renaissance era, his subjects included everything from caricatures to serious academic anatomical studies. A study of his notebooks revealed him to be an engineering genius many years ahead of his time. His other great works include Saint John the Baptist and The Last Supper (1495). |
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Term
| _____________ refers to twentieth-century art using innovative means of expression. |
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Definition
| Modernism. Jackson Pollock and Andy Warhol are two well-known modernists. |
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Term
| Vincent van Gogh, Paul Cezanne, and Amedeo Modigiliani are examples of ______-____________. |
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Definition
| Post-Impressionists. Working towards the end of the nineteenth-century, their style is also known as pointillism. Post-Impressionists were mostly unified by their rejection of Impressionism. |
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Term
| Brilliant, luminous paintings of nature from the nineteenth-century was known as ______________. |
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Definition
| Impressionism. Founded by Monet, Renoir, Sisley, and Bazille, Impressionism was a rejection of the emotional response of Romanticism. Instead of imagination, they focused on the reality of natural scenes for their subject matter. |
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Term
[image]Baroque painter ____________ made Seaport. |
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Definition
| Claude Lorrain. Known for his brilliantly lit landscape pieces, Lorrain (1600-1682) also did Enchanted Castle and Rebecca’s Wedding. |
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Term
| Mannerism painter ___________ (1486–1551) designed Old Testament scenes and many sculptures for the Siena Cathedral. |
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Definition
| Domenico Beccafumi. Among his Siena sculptures are Nativity of the Virgin, Descent into Limbo, and St. Michael. |
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Term
| Lasting from 1916 to 1922, ___________ originated from the disenchantment created by World War I. |
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Definition
| Dadaism. Employing absurdity and unpredictability, Dada works were largely collages. Major artists of the time included Marcel Duchamp and Man Ray. |
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Term
| Ellsworth Kelly, Barnett Newman, and Clifford Singer were all ____________ painters. |
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Definition
| Minimalist. Founded in the 1960s, Minimalism reduces objects to their barest forms, focusing on color and simplicity. |
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Term
| Giovanni Panini, Jacques-Louis David, and Rudolf Ernst were all painters of the ______________ era. |
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Definition
| Neoclassicism. Largely thought to be the lead-in for Romanticism, Neoclassicism was characterized by the eighteenth-century regeneration in interest in Greek and Roman history, spurred by the discovery of Pompeii. |
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Term
| ______________ (1748–1825) painted The Oath of the Horatii and Death of Socrates. |
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Definition
| Jacques-Louis David. Considered the starting point of modern art, this French artist showed a marked interest in antiquity and virtue in his works. Highly disciplined, his work lacks the emotion of other artists. He painted many French Revolutionary martyrs and Napoleon portraits. |
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Term
| Edward Hopper was a major ____________ artist, with works like New York Movie and Horse Fair. |
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Definition
| Realism. Hopper (1882–1967) was known for his oil and watercolor street scene images, particularly the loneliness that many seem to represent. |
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Term
Identify the artist of Lighthouse at Two Lights and Approaching a City. _________ [image] |
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Definition
| Edward Hopper. Hopper’s pieces always showed a clear distinction between day and night, with clearly outline buildings and a repeated absence of people. His etchings were also popular. |
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Term
| Lasting from 1880 to World War I, the _____ _________ art movement was created in protest to the preceding emphasis on historical subjects. |
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Definition
| Art Nouveau. Major players included Gustav Klimt and Theophile Stimlin. The style mostly encompassed jewelry and book illustrations, and was fraught with symbolism. |
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Term
| The __________ ____________ movement encompassed African-Americans in the 1920s. |
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Definition
| Harlem Renaissance. Aaron Douglas, William Johnson, and Palmer Hayden were three major African-American artists of this period. It was developed in New York City, largely by Southerners moving to the North. |
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Term
Identify the artist of Café and Street Musicians. ____________ [image] |
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Definition
| William H. Johnson. Originally from South Carolina, Johnson joined in forming the Harlem Renaissance movement after moving to New York City. He later moved to and settled in Paris in 1926. |
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Term
Identify the art period of the following pieces (by Piet Mondrian). _____-________ [image] |
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Definition
| Neo-Plasticism. Founded by Mondrian, this is a strict form of abstract art allowing only rectangles and straight lines. It was popular among Dutch artists from 1920-1940, including Theo van Doesburg. |
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Term
| Salvador Dali and Rene Magritte were ____________ painters. |
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Definition
| Surrealist. Characterized by vibrant visual imagery based on the imagination instead of reality, its images stir thought but could not logically exist. Others included Max Ernst and Man Ray. |
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Term
Identify the art form of the following works: ____________ [image] [image] |
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Definition
| Pointillism. Pictured are The Red Roofs by Camille Pissarro and Henri-Edmond Cross’s Cap Laye. Pointillism works are created with thousands of tiny dots of color that merge into an image from far-away. |
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Term
| The highest horizontal slab on a Greek column is a(n) ___________. |
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Definition
Abacus. Forming the top of the column’s capital, the abacus is a flat square stone. Below is a couple of pics to help you understand the different parts of a column: [image] [image] |
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Term
| Ben Shahn’s painting The ___________ of Sacco and Vanzetti was inspired by the 1920 trial of two Italian anarchists. |
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Definition
| Passion. Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were executed for the murder of two men—-a crime most believed them innocent of. Shahn’s painting depicts the judicial officials standing over the mens’ coffins. |
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Term
| In Christian art, St. Luke the Evangelist is known by the symbol of the ______. |
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Definition
Ox. In Christian art, the Evangelists were usually represented by a symbol, instead of being drawn directly. The ox is the symbol of priesthood, and St. Luke begins his gospel with the story of a priest. Along with the other three Evangelists’ symbols, this makes up Ezekiel’s cherub (for more detail on this, read below).
One of the books of the Bible, Ezekiel, describes a cherub with the face of an ox on one side, a lion on another, an eagle on the third side, and the face of a man on the fourth. These four end up being used as symbols in Christian art to represent four Christian evangelists. |
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Term
| In Christian art, St. John the Evangelist is known by the symbol of the _________. |
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Definition
| Eagle. He was known by this symbol because, like the bird, he looked upon the sun. Along with the other three Evangelists’ symbols--the ox, man, and lion--this makes up Ezekiel’s cherub. |
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Term
| In Christian art, St. Mark the Evangelist is known by the symbol of the _______. |
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Definition
| Lion. Mark’s symbol is the lion because he begins his gospel with the story of Jesus and the wilderness. Along with the other three Evangelists’ symbols--the ox, eagle, and man--this makes up Ezekiel’s cherub. |
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Term
| In Christian art, St. Matthew the Evangelist is known by the symbol of the __________ _____. |
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Definition
| Winged human. Man is Matthew’s symbol because he begins his gospel with a story of humanity. Along with the other three Evangelists’ symbols, this makes up Ezekiel’s cherub. |
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Term
The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, a woodcut by Albrecht Durer, personifies _________ as an old man. [image] |
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Definition
| Death. The image depicts the last day on Earth, when the Bible predicts Death, Famine, War, and Pestilence end the human race. |
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Term
The artist Myron created the Greek sculpture below known as the _______________: [image] |
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Definition
| Discobolos. This is a famous Greek statue of a discus-thrower. |
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Term
The statue below is known as a __________: [image] |
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Definition
| Kouros. A kouros is a statue of a standing nude youth that did not represent any one individual youth but the idea of youth. It was used as a Greek male funerary memorial sculpture. |
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Term
The statue below is known as a ______: [image] |
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Definition
| Kore. The Kore is the Greek female funerary memorial sculpture. |
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Term
The Greek statue below is the ______________, or the spearbearer: [image] |
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Definition
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Term
The Dying Slave, and David, both pictured below, are sculptures by _______________. [image] [image] |
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Definition
| Michelangelo. The Dying Slave was a statue he made for the tomb of Pope Julius II. |
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Term
[image]The statue below was made by Rodin to honor one of France's greatest novelists, _____________: |
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Definition
| Honore de Balzac. Balzac's greatest work is his vast collection of novels and short stories called "The Human Comedy." It was a reproduction of the French society of his time, picturing in precise detail more than 2,000 characters from every class and every profession. |
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Term
Below is a sculpture of George Washington by ______________: [image] |
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Definition
| Greenough. This sculpture of George Washington as a Roman attracted criticism and derision for depicting the president half-naked. |
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Term
The following painting by Jacques Louis David depicts the death of ____________: [image] |
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Definition
| Socrates. This painting, known as the "Death of Socrates" is associated with the NeoClassical movement. Condemned to death, Socrates, strong, calm, and at peace, discusses the immortality of the soul. He is being handed a cup of hemlock. Plato (not present when Socrates died) is depicted as an old man seated at the end of the bed. |
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Term
The sculpture below is of Caesar ___________: [image] |
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Definition
| Augustus. This sculpture, known as Augustus Prima Porta, is an idealized Roman sculpture of Caesar Augusts, the first Emperor of Rome. |
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Term
The vase pictured below is known as an ___________: [image] |
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Definition
| Amphora. An amphora is a vase with two handles and a narrow neck. |
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Term
Below are two sections of the famous tapestry known as the ____________ tapestry. [image] [image] |
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Definition
| Bayeux. Embroidered on linen with colored woolen thread, the Bayeux Tapestry commemorates the Norman conquest of England. The actual tapestry is almost 231 feet long, and 20 inches wide, with decorative borders and continuous descriptions in Latin. It presents 72 scenes, of which two are pictured above. |
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Term
The following picture of Abraham Lincoln was taken by famous Civil War photographer ____________: [image] |
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Definition
| Matthew Brady. Brady was a famous Civil War photographer who took over 3,500 pictures during the war. |
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Term
The two works pictured below--"Kiss" and "Bird in Space"--were sculpted by ______________. [image] [image] |
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Definition
| Constantin Brancusi. Romanian-born sculptor, whose work profoundly influenced modern concepts of form in sculpture, painting, and industrial design. He abandoned the use of live models early on, and adapted a simplified, streamlined style. |
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Term
Louise Nevelson is famous for her sculptures of wood. Below is ________ _________, one of her most famous works: [image] |
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Definition
| Black chord. Louise Nevelson was one of the most gifted sculptors of the 20th century. She introduced a new form of sculpture that consisted of carved, recycled and painted wood objects arranged in boxes to create entire sculptural walls. |
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Term
The three works below are by ___________: [image] [image] [image] |
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Definition
| Henry Moore. Moore is known for his abstract sculptures with curved edges and massive forms. |
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