HALL OF BULLS

-France, Lascaux Cave

-Paleolithic

-natural/idealized

-frise

-twisted perspective

-ensure a successful hunt

WOUNDED BISON

-Spain, Altamira Cave

-Paleolithic

-naturalism/idealism

-no horizon

CHINESE HORSE

-France, Lascaux Cave

-Paleolithic

-Tectiform: unusual abstract symbols

-Pregnant->perpetuation of life

SPOTTED HORSE

-France, Merle Cave

-Paleolithic

-handprint shown->human presence

-head was foreseen in rock structure

THE WELL SCENE (Shaft of the Dead Man)

-France, Lascaux Cave

-Paleolithic

-man in a trance with head of a bird

-magical presence

-diseboweled bison with twisted perspective

BISON WITH TURNED HEAD

-France

-Paleolithic

-carved out of bone

-sculpture in relief

-fetish figure

VENUS OF WILLENDORF

-Austria

-Paleolithic

-perpetuation of life

-sculpture in the round

-fertility: breasts and belly enlarged

-fetish figure

DEER HUNT

-Spain

-Mesolithic

-posture creates "action"

-organized

-figures more rounded

-arrows in deer->imaginary hunt

STONEHENGE

-England, Salisbury Plain

-Neolithic

-post and lintel

-connected to the druid calendar

-used as an observatory

ZIGGURAT OF UR

-Mesopotamian Valley

-Sumerian

-where king conversed with God

-temple-like place

-centrally placed, largest structure

CUNEIFORM TABLET

-Mesopotamia

-Sumerian

-soft clay imprinted with symbols

-created by Sumerians, record keeping

ABU TEMPLE STATUETTES from Tel Asmar

-Mesopotamia

-Sumerian

-votive statues

-theocracy

-sculpture in round

-hieractic scale (Abu is largest)

-full, wide, alert eyes, hands in prayer, beards

STANDARD OF UR

-Mesopotamia

-Sumerian

-registers: define a given area of space

-figures face central figure

-depicts battle with fallen enemies

-twisted perspective, from profile-full eye visible

HARP SOUNDBOX-UR

-Mesopotamia

-Sumerian

-Gods often depicted as animals (polytheism)

-Bull=strength

-Beard=power

BUST OF AN AKKADIAN RULER

-Mesopotamia

-Akkadian

-features more natural but still idealized

-bronze

-Sargon(?)

VICTORY STELE OF NARAM-SIN

-Mesopotamia

-Akkadian

-sculpture in relief

-registers

-hierartic scale/placement

-Naram-Sin has horns and tail of bull

-Shamash and Ishtah shown at top

STELE OF HAMMURABI

-Mesopotamia

-Babylonian

-Hammurabi standing, Shamash sitting

-Sun God with flames from shoulders

-Bull horns on headdress

ROYAL CITADEL OF SARGON II

-Mesopotamia

-Assyrian

-protected city with a central palace

LAMASSU

-Mesopotamia

-Assyrian

-hybrid guardian figure

-wards off evil, intimidates

-human head of sun god, bull horns, 5 legs, in the round, meant to look in motion

ASHURNASIPAL HUNTING LIONS

-Mesopotamia

-Assyrian

-shows joy of killing

-sculpture in relief

-naturalism, muscles of lions defined

DYING LIONESS

-Mesopotamia

-Assyrian

-naturalism

-arrows through body

-back legs paralyzed, pain

PALETTE OF NARMER

-Egypt

-Predynastic

-symbolizes unification of upper/lower Egypt

-registers

-humans have head in profile and full eye showing (idealized)

-Narmer has bulls tail

-Horus present->protector of Gods

-priest is shoeless->sacred ground

-decapitated heads/papyrus keep count for dead

-blueprint for egyptian figure representation for 3,000 years

Panel of Hesire

-Egypt

-Predynastic

-proportions are lengthened, not as squat

-canon of proportion

MASTABA

-Egypt

-Old Kingdom

-slanted walls, flat top, body is buried underground

STEPPED PYRAMID OF ZOSER

-Egpyt

-Old Kingdom

-made of limestone not mudbrick

-honored King Zoser

-1st cut stone pyramid

IMHOTEP

-Egypt

-Old Kingdom

-Egyptian Architect of first know pyramid in Sakkara

NECROPOLIS OF KING DJOSER

-Egypt

-Old Kingdom

-a "town" for the dead

-pyramid was monument honoring deceased

-protected money/possessions

-symbolized God-like power

CANOPIC JARS

-Egypt

-Old/Middle/New Kingdom

-held internal organs

-busts on the top are the 4 suns of Horus

PYRAMIDS OF GIZA

-Egypt

-Old Kingdom

-Menkure, Khafre, Khufu

-made of granite limestone

-alignment is perfect

THE GREAT SPHINX

-Egypt

-Old Kingdom

-natural piece of rock that was carved

-face of Pharaoh (Khafre?)

-causeway between Sphinx and pyramid

STATUARY FIGURE OF ZOSER/KHAFRE

-Egypt

-Old Kingdom

-figure of the deseased

-sculpture in the round

-used so Ka(soul) could find body

-stone=permanence

MENKAURE & QUEEN

-Egypt

-Old Kingdom

-figures show intimacy and idealized motion

-stone

-sculpture in relief

-shown as equals->same size

SHEIK EL BELED (KA-APER)

-Egpyt

-Old Kingdom

-sculpture in round

-made of wood

-rounded belly, more natural/realistic

GEESE OF MEDUM

-Egypt

-Old Kingdom

ROCK CUT TOMBS

-Egypt

-Middle Kingdom

-more provincial government

-middle class embalment

MORTUARY TEMPLE & TOMB OF QUEEN HATSHEPSUT

-Egypt

-New Kingdom

-after her death, many of her monuments were destroyed/defaced->damnation of her memory, soul won't find it's body

-reliefs inside walls showing expeditions

TEMPLE OF RAMSES II

-Egypt

-New Kingdom

-lived into his 80's

-many kids, many wives

-Alantes->statues of himself outside of temple

-rock cut tombs reside on west->sunset

AKHENATEN BUST

-Egypt

-Amarna

-wearing headress, has beard

-looks human

-less idealized

AKHENATEN PILLAR STATUE

-Egypt

-Amarna

-more realistic/natural

-bulging belly and curves

-sculpture in the round

-full lips

AKHENATEN RELIEF

-Egypt

-Amarna

-family is natural, realistic, slouching

-equal size to wife

-one God; Akhen

-children at play

-head in profile, full eye

PORTRAIT IN BAS RELIEF

-Egypt

-Amarna

-low relief

-Frochlichs syndrome(?)

BUST OF NEFERTITI

-Egypt

-Amarna

-elongated neck, coal rimmed eyes

-realistic

-sculpture in the round

KING TUT'S DEATH MASK

-Egypt

-Amarna

-Gold, precious stones

-in likeness of the deceased

-placed on face of the dead

KING TUT'S THRONE-DETAIL

-Egypt

-Amarna

-realistic figures on back of throne

-Tut and his Queen

-same size

BOOK OF THE DEAD-SOUL RAISING

-Egypt

-Amarna

-Anubis>Ammut>Thoth>Horus>Osiris>Isis

-Maat->balance, values of truth/justice

-registers

-info about the soul being judged

ROSETTA STONE

-Egypt

-Armana

-allowed us to translate

-same story 3 times, story about pharaoh and a God

-hieroglyphics, demotic, and ancient greek

PYLON TEMPLE

-Egypt

-Amarna

-big, sloped walls

-bas relief on exterior

-built and dedicated to a God

-open court is as far as commoners can go

HYPOSTYLE HALL-PYLON

-Egypt

-Amarna

-split elevation

-big pillars engraved with hieroglyphics

-clerestory that are stone grills that ventilate and allow low natural light in

-capitals on top of pillars were weight bearing