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| the major organ of the circulatory system; recieves and pumps blood around the body to transport oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrients; beats via electrical impulses through the cardiac muscle of the heart from the SA node to the AV node |
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| chambers of the heart that collect blood; right collects blood from the body; left collects blood from the lungs |
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| chambers of the heart that pump blood; right pumps blood to the lungs to exchange O2 for CO2; left pumps O2 rich blood to all body parts (left is much thicker due to the pressure that is exerted to send oxygenated blood throughout the body) |
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| largest artery in the body; goes above the heart with the aortie arch; has ascending and descending branch to send oxygenated blood everywhere |
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| blood vessels that arry blood away from the heart; arterioles are smaller arteries; the arteries have thicker walls because of the pressure exerted on them to send blood throughout the body |
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| blood vessels that bring blood back to the heart; venules are smaller than veins; veins have 1 way valves on them to prevent blood from moving backwards; they are not as thick in the walls of the vessels as areteries are since they are not under as much pressure |
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| largest vein in the body which sends deoxygenated blood back to the heart into right atria |
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| thin vessels where arteries and veins meet and exchange materials; often referred to as a capillary bed; in the lungs this is where gas exchange occurs (in alveoli sacs) because these vessels have extremely thin walls |
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| liquid tissue that carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrients around the body; made up of red blood cells, platelets and plasma; red blood cells carry the oxygen in the heme groups in the center of the quaternary protein structure |
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| carry oxygen using the protein hemoglobin from lungs and transports it around the body to the organs and removes/exchanges carbon dioxide from tissues/organs and brings it to the lungs to get rid of' red blood cells carry the oxygen in the heme groups in the center of the quaternary protein structure |
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| blood cells that are used to fight pathogens and infections |
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| wall that divides the left and right sides of the heart |
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| kidney (function in relation to blood pressure only) |
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| releases hormones that assist the circulatory system in regulation of blood pressure |
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| heart valves (pulmonary, aortic, AV valves) |
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| allow blood to move from one area of the heart to another without letting it leak backwards |
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| number of times a heart beats typically measured over a minute (measured in beats per minute [bpm]) |
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| gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, controls breathing (major parts: lungs) |
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| transports blood, oxygen, and nutrients around the body (major parts: heart and blood vessels) |
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| transport of information/messagesaround the body from brain to nerves, using electrical and chemical messaging to control the body (major parts: brain, nerves, spinal cord) |
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| using muscles and tendons to move the body (major parts: muscles, tendons, ligaments) |
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| supports and protects the body with bones and assists muscles to move via ligaments, etc. (major parts: bones) |
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| urinary (excretory) system |
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removes waste from blood and eliminates liquid wastes from the body (major parts: kidneys, bladder)
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| assists the immune system in fighting disease and circulatory system in reclaiming lost blood (major parts: lymph nodes, lymph vessels, lymph) |
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| the way organisms regulate and maintain to have a stable, internal balance despite conditions in teh external environment; helps the body to stay functioning on a normal basis; not an exact measurement or the same for every organism; examples: heart rate, breathing rate, blood pressure, hunger |
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| control the body and how the body responds to different conditions; a positive feed back loops is something that keeps progressing forward (ex. labor contractions that keep happening to get offspring out of the body); a negative feed back loop stops something from progressing forward (ex. eat to stop feeling hungry, sweating to cool body temperature) |
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| 3 major ways the body communicates |
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| electrical signaling (heart beat), chemical signaling (hormones), direct contact (one cell touching another to send messages) |
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| what happens if a kidney removes too much water from the blood? |
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| blood pressure rises because the volume of blood in the body was reduced (analogy/demo - squeezing clementine) |
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| what gas is removed from inhaled air? |
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Definition
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| what gases are added to inhaled air and then exhaled? |
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Definition
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| nostrils, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveolis |
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| what cavity are the lungs housed in? |
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| what is each lung covered in? |
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| nasopharynx (nasal passages and pharynx) |
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| where air is exchanged between external and internal compartments (air can also come in through the mouth); pharynx is back of the nasal region |
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| vocal cords/voice box where air passes over these elastic fibers to create sounds when speaking |
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| flap of skin that covers opening to trachea to prevent food from going down it when eating |
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| tube where air passes to the lungs; in front of esophagus; also has cartilage C-shaped rings to help keep it open; lined with cilia to trap foreign particles |
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| the first branching tubes off of the trachea that bring air into the lungs |
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| smaller branching tubes that go deeper into each part of the lung to carry air |
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| the smallest compartments of the lungs and are surrounded by capillaries; this is where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged into the circulatory system |
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| sheet of muscle below the lungs that controls breathing; contracts and relaxes in order to do this; breathing in - moves down; breathing out - moves up |
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| the major structures that control breathing abilities; include bronchi, bronchioles, and alveolis |
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