Latissimus Dorsi:

Origin and Insertion

Origin: Vertebral Spines from T7 to the sacrum, posterior third of the iliac crest, lower 3 or 4 ribs, sometimes the inferior angle of the scapula.

Insertion: Floor of the intertubercular groove.

Latissimus Dorsi:

Innervation and Vasculature

Innervation: Thoracodorsal Nerve (C7/8)

Vasculature: Thoracodorsal Artery

Latissimus Dorsi:

Action

Actions:

Primary: Extends the arm

Secondary: Rotates the arm medially

Levator Scapulae:

Origin and Insertion

Origin: Transverse process of C1-C4

Insertion: Medial border of the scapula, superior to the spine

Levator Scapulae:

Innervation and Vasculature

Innervation: Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C5)

Vasculature:  Dorsal Scapular Artery

Levator Scapulae:

Action

Action

Elevates the scapula

Rhomboid Major:

Origin and Insertion

Origin: Spinous process of T2-T5

Insertion: Medial border of the scapula, inferior to the spine

Rhomboid Major

Innervation and Vasculature

Innervation: Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C5)

Vasculature: Dorsal Scapular Artery

Rhomboid Major

Action

Action

Retracts, Elevates, and Rotates the Scapula Inferiorly

Rhomboid Minor

Origin and Insertion

Origin: Spinous process of C7-T1, Ligamentum nuchae

Insertion: Medial border of the scapula, proximal to the root of the spine

Rhomboid Minor

Innervation and Vasculature

Innervation: Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C5)

Vasculature: Dorsal Scapular Artery

Rhomboid Minor

Action

Action

Retacts, Elevates, and Rotates the Scapula Inferiorly.

Serratus Anterior

Origin and Insertion

Origin: Ribs 1 thru 8 or 9

Insertion: Costal medial border of Scapula

Serratus Anterior

Innervation and Vasculature

Innervation: Long Thoracic Nerve (C5-C7)

Vasculature: Lateral Thoracic Artery

Serratus Anterior

Action

Action

Primary: Draws the Scapula Forward

Secondary: Rotates the Scapula Superiorly

Trapezius

Origin and Insertion

Origin: Medial third of the superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7-T12

Insertion: Lateral third of the clavicle, medial side of the acromion and the upper crest of the scapular spine

Trapezius

Innervation and Vasculature

Innervation: Accessory Nerve (XI)

Vasculature: Transverse Cervical Artery

Trapezius

Action

Action

Elevates and depresses the scapula (depending on which part of the muscle contracts)

Rotates the scapula superiorly

Retracts scapula

Abductor Digiti Minimi

Origin and Insertion

Origin: Pisiform

Insertion: Base of proximal phalanx

Abductor Digiti Minimi

Innervation and Vasculature

Innervation: Deep Branch of Ulnar Nerve (C8 & T1)

Vasculature: Ulnar Artery

Abductor Digiti Minimi

Action

Action

Abducts the 5th Digit

Abductor Pollicis Brevis

Origin and Insertion

Origin: Flexor retinaculum, scaphoid, trapezium

Insertion: Base of the proximal phalanx

Abductor Pollicis Brevis

Innervation and Vasculature

Innervation: Recurrent branch of the median nerve

Vasculature: Superficial plamar branch of the radial artery

Abductor Pollicis Brevis

Action

Action

Abducts the thumb

Abductor Pollicis Longus

Origin and Insertion

Origin: Middle one-third of the posterior surface of the radius, interosseous membrane, mid-portion of posterolateral ulna

Insertion: Radial base of the first metacarpal

Abductor Pollicis Longus

Innervation and Vasculature

Innervation: Deep branch of the Radial Nerve

Vasculature: Posterior Interosseous Artery

Abductor Pollicis Longus

Action

Action

Abducts the thumb at carpometacarpal joint

Adductor Pollicis

Origin and Insertion

Origin:

Oblique head - capitate and base of the 2nd and 3rd metacarpals

Transverse head - shaft of the 3rd metacarpal

Insertion: Base of thumb's proximal phalanx

Adductor Pollicis

Innervation and Vasculature

Innervation: Deep branch of the ulnar nerve

Vasculature: Deep palmar arch

Adductor Pollicis

Action

Action

Adducts the thumb

Anconeus

Origin and Insertion

Origin: Lateral Epicondyle

Insertion: Lateral olecranon and superior fourth of the ulna

Anconeus

Innervation and Vasculature

Innervation: Radial nerve

Vasculature: Interosseus Reccurent Artery

Anconeus

Action

Action

Extends the forearm

Stabalizes the arm during rotation

Biceps Brachii

Origin and Insertion

Origin:

Short head - tip of the coracoid process

Long head - supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

Insertion: Radial tuberosity

Biceps Brachii

Innervation and Vasculature

Innervation: Musculocutaneous Nerve

Vasculature: Brachial Artery

Biceps Brachii

Action

Action

Primary: Flexes the forearm / arm

Secondary: Supinates the arm

Brachialis

Origin and Insertion

Origin: Anterior surface of the lower one-half of the humerus and the associated intermuscular septa

Insertion: Coronoid process

Brachialis

Innervation and Vasculature

Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve (C5,6)

Vasculature: Brachial and Radial Recurrent Arteries

Brachialis

Action

Action

Flexes the forearm

Brachioradialis

Origin and Insertion

Origin: Lateral Sypracondylar Ridge

Insertion: Styloid of Radius

Brachioradialis

Innervation and Vasculature

Innervation: Radial Nerve

Vasculature: Radial Recurrent

Brachioradialis

Action

Action

Primary: Flexes the Elbow

Secondary: Pronation and Supenation

Coracobrachialis

Origin and Insertion

Origin: Coracoid Process

Insertion: Medial mid-shaft of humerus

Coracobrachialis

Innervation and Vasculature

Innervation: Musculocutaneous Nerve (C5/6)

Vasculature: Brachial Artery

Coracobrachialis

Action

Action

Flexes and adducts the arm

Deltoid

Origin and Insertion

Origin: Lateral one-third of the clavicle, acromion, the lower lip of the crest of the spine of the scapula

Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity

Deltoid:

Innervation and Vasculature

Innervation: Axillary Nerve (C5/6)

Vasculature: Posterior Circumflex Humeral Artery

Deltoid

Action

Action

Primary: Abducts arm

Secondary: Flex & medially rotate the arm as well as Extend & laterally rotate the arm

Dorsal Interosseous

Origin and Insertion

Origin: Four muscles, each arising from two adjacent metacarpal shafts

Insertion: Base of the proximal phalanx and the extensor expansion on lateral side of the 2nd digit, lateral & medial sides of the 3rd digit, and medial side of the 4th digit

Dorsal Interosseous

Innervation and Vasculature

Innervation: Deep Branch of the Ulnar Nerve

Vasculature: Dorsal and Palmar Metacarpal Arteries

Dorsal Interosseous

Action

Action

Flex the metacarpophalangeal joint, Extend the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-4, abduct digits 2-4

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

Origin and Insertion

Origin: Common extensor tendon

Insertion: Base of 3^rd Metacarpal

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

Innervation and Vasculature

Innervation: Radial Nerve

Vasculature: Radial Artery

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

Action

Action

Primary: Extends the Wrist

Secondary: Abducts the hand

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

Origin and Insertion

Origin: Common Extensor Tendon

Insertion: Base of the 2^nd Metacarpal

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

Innervation and Vasculature

Innervation: Deep Radial Nerve

Vaculature: Radial Artery

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

Action

Action

Primary: Extend the wrist

Secondary: Abducts the hand

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Origin and Insertion

Origin: Common Extensor Tendon

Insertion: Medial base of the 5^th Metacarpal

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Innervation and Vasculature

Innervation: Deep Radial Nerve

Vasculature: Ulnar Artery

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Action

Action

Primary: Extends the wrist

Secondary: Adducts the hand

Extensor Digiti Minimi

Origin and Insertion

Origin: Common Extensor Tendon

Insertion: Joins the extensor digitorum tendon to the 5th digit and inserts into the extensor expansion

Extensor Digiti Minimi

Innervation and Vasculature

Innervation: Deep Radial Nerve

Vasculature: Interosseus Radial Artery

Extensor Digiti Minimi

Action

Action

Extends the metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints of the 5th digit

Extensor Digitorum

Origin and Insertion

Origin: Common Extensor Tendon

Insertion: extensor expansion of digits 2-4

Extensor Digitorum

Innervation and Vasculature

Innervation: Deep Radial Nerve

Vasculature: Posterior Interosseous and Interosseous Recurrent Arteries

Extensor Digitorum

Action

Action

Primary: Extends the metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints of the 2nd-4th digits

Secondary: Extends wrist

Extensor Indicis

Origin and Insertion

Origin: Interosseous membrane and the posterolateral surface of the distal ulna

Insertion: Joins the tendon of the extensor digitorum to the second digit; both tendons insert into the extensor expansion

Extensor Indicis

Innervation and Vasculature

Innervation: Deep Radial Nerve

Vasculature: Posterior Interosseous Artery

Extensor Indicis

Action

Action

Extends the Finger

Extensor Pollicis Brevis

Origin and Insertion

Origin: Interosseous membrane and the posterior surface of the distal radius

Insertion: Base of thumbs proximal phalanx

Extensor Pollicis Brevis

Innervation and Vasculature

Innervation: Deep Radial Nerve

Vasculature: Posterior Interosseous Artery

Extensor Pollicis Brevis

Action

Action

Extends thumb at MCP Joint

Extensor Pollicis Longus

Origin and Insertion

Origin: Interosseous membrane and middle part of the posterolateral surface of the ulna

Insertion: Base of thumb's distal phalanx

Extensor Pollicis Longus

Innervation and Vasculature

Innervation: Deep Radial Nerve

Vasculature: Posterior Interosseous Artery

Extensor Pollicis Longus

Action

Action

Extends thumb and IP Joint

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Origin and Insertion

Origin: Common Flexor Tendon

Insertion: Base of 2^nd and 3^rd metecarpal

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Innervation and Vasculature

Innervation: Median Nerve

Vasculature: Ulnar Artery

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Action

Action

Primary: Flexes the wrist

Secondary: Abducts the hand

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Origin and Insertion

Origin: Common flexor tendon & medial border of olecranon & upper 2/3 of the posterior border of the ulna

Insertion: Pisiform, hook of hamate, and base of 5th metacarpal

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Innervation and Vasculature

Innervation: Ulnar Nerve

Vasculature: Ulnar Artery

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Action

Action

Primary: Flexes the wrist

Secondary: Adducts the hand

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

Origin and Insertion

Origin: Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum

Insertion: Proximal phalanx of 5^th digit

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

Innervation and Vasculature

Innervation: Ulnar Nerve

Vasculatuer: Ulnar Artery

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

Action

Action

Flexes the MCP and the carpometacarpal joint of the 5^th digit

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

Origin and Insertion

Origin: Posterior border of the ulna, proximal two-thirds of medial border of ulna, interosseous membrane

Insertion: Base of the distal phalanx of digits 2-5

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

Innervation and Vasculature

Innervation: Median Nerve (Digits 2 and 3) and Ulnar Nerve (Digits 4 and 5)

Vasculature: Ulnar and Anterior Interosseous Arteries

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

Action

Action

Flexes the MCP, PIP and DIP joints

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

Origin and Insertion

Origin: Common flexor tendon and middle 1/3 of radius

Insertion: Shafts of the middle phalanges of digits 2-5

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

Innervation and Vasculature

Innervation: Median Nerve

Vasculature: Ulnar Artery

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

Action

Action

Flexes the MCP and PIP joints

Flexor Pollicis Brevis

Origin and Insertion

Origin: Flexor retinaculum and trapezium

Insertion: Proximal phalanx of first digit

Flexor Pollicis Brevis

Innervation and Vasculature

Innervation: Recurrent branch of the median nerve

Vasculature: Superficial palmar branch of the radial artery

Flexor Pollicis Brevis

Action

Action

Flexes the MCP and the carpometacapal joints

Flexor Pollicis Longus

Origin and Insertion

Origin: Anterior surface of the radius and the interosseous membrane

Insertion: Base of distal phalanx of thumb

Flexor Pollicis Longus

Innervation and Vasculature

Innervation: Median Nerve

Vasculater: Anterior interosseous artery

Flexor Pollicis Longus

Action

Action

Flexes the MCP and IP joints of the thumb

Infraspinatus

Origin and Insertion

Origin: Infraspinatus fossa

Insertion: Middle facet of greater tubercle

Infraspinatus

Innervation and Vasculature

Innervation: Suprascapular Nerve

Vasculature: Suprascapular Artery

Infraspinatus

Action

Action

Lateral rotation of the arm

Palmar Interosseous

Origin and Insertion

Origin: (3 muscles) Palmar shaft of metacarpals 2, 4, and 5

Insertion: Base of the proximal phalanx and extensor expansion of the medial side of digit 2, and lateral side of digits 4 & 5

Palmar Interosseous

Innervation and Vasculature

Innervation: Deep branch of the ulnar nerve

Vasculature: Palmar metacarpal arteries

Palmar Interosseous

Action

Action

Flexes MCP, extends IP, and adducts digists 2, 4, and 5

Lumbrical

Origin and Insertion

Origin: Flexor digitorum profundus tendons of digits 2-5

Insertion: Extensor expansion on the radial side of the proximal phalanx of digits 2-5

Lumbrical

Innervation and Vasculature

Innervation: Median nerve (radial 2) via palmar digital nerves & ulnar nerve (ulnar 2) via deep branch

Vasculature: Superficial palmar arch

Lumbrical

Action

Action

Flexes MCP and extends IP joints of digits 2-5

Opponens Digiti Minimi

Origin and Insertion

Origin: Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum

Insertion: Shaft of 5th metacarpal

Opponens Digiti Minimi

Innervation and Vasculature

Innervation: Deep branch of the ulnar nerve

Vasculature: Ulnar artery

Opponens Digiti Minimi

Action

Action

Opposes the fifth digit

Opponens Pollicis

Origin and Insertion

Origin: Trapezium and flexor retinaculum

Insertion: Shaft of first metacarpal

Opponens Pollicis

Innervation and Vasculature

Innervation: Recurrent branch of median nerve

Vasculature: Superficial palmar branch of the radial artery

Opponens Pollicis

Action

Action

Opposes the thumb

Palmaris Brevis

Origin and Insertion

Origin: Fascia overlying the hypothenar eminence

Insertion: Skin of the palm near the ulnar border of the hand

Palmaris Brevis

Innervation and Vasculature

Innervation: Superficial branch of the ulnar nerve

Vasculature: Ulnar artery

Palmaris Brevis

Action

Action

Draws the skin towards the palm

Palmaris Longus

Origin and Insertion

Origin: Common flexor tendon

Insertion: Palmar aponeurosis

Palmaris Longus

Innervation and Vasculature

Innervation: Median nerve

Vasculature: Ulnar artery

Palmaris Longus

Action

Action

Flexes the wrist

Pectoralis Major

Origin and Insertion

Origin: Medial 1/2 of the clavicle, manubrium & body of sternum, costal cartilages of ribs 2-6, sometimes from the rectus sheath of the upper abdominal wall

Insertion: Crest of greater tubercle

Pectoralis Major

Innervation and Vasculature

Innervation: Medial and lateral pectoral nerves

Vasculature: Pectoral branch of thoracoacromial artery

Pectoralis Major

Action

Action

Primary: Flexes and adducts the arm

Secondary: Rotates the arm medially

Pectoralis Minor

Origin and Insertion

Origin: Ribs 3 thru 5

Insertion: Coracoid process

Pectoralis Minor

Innervation and Vasculature

Innervation: Medial pectoral nerve (C8 & T1)

Vasculature: Pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial artery

Pectoralis Minor

Action

Action

Pulls the scapula forward and downward

Pronator Quadratus

Origin and Insertion

Origin: Medial side of the anterior surface of the distal one-fourth of the ulna

Insertion: Anterior surface of the distal one-fourth of the radius

Innervation and Vasculature

Innervation: Median nerve via the anterior interosseous nerve

Vasculature: Anterior interosseous artery

Pronator Quadratus

Action

Pronator Teres

Origin and Insertion

Origin: Common flexor tendon

Insertion: Lateral mid-shaft of the radius

Pronator Teres

Innervation and Vasculature

Innervation: Median nerve

Vasculature: Ulnar and Anterior Ulnar Recurrent arteries

Pronator Teres

Action

Action

Pronates the forearm

Subclavius

Origin and Insertion

Origin: First Rib

Insertion: Inferior surface of clavicle

Subclavius

Innervation and Vasculature

Innervation: Nerve to subclavius (C5)

Vasculature: Clavicular branch of the thoracoacromial artery

Subclavius

Action

Action

Draws the clavicle down and forward

Supinator

Origin and Insertion

Origin: Lateral epicondyle, supinator crest & fossa of the ulna, radial collateral ligament, annular ligament

Insertion: Lateral proximal third of the radius

Supinator

Innervation and Vasculature

Innervation: Deep radial nerve

Vasculature: Recurrent interosseous artery

Supinator

Action

Action

Supinates the forearm

Supraspinatus

Origin and Insertion

Origin: Supraspinatus fossa

Insertion: Highest facet of the greater tubercle

Supraspinatus

Innervation and Vasculature

Innervation: Suprascapular Nerve (C5 and C6)

Vasculature: Suprascapular Artery

Supraspinatus

Action

Action

Initiates abduction of the arm

Teres Major

Origin and Insertion

Origin: Dorsal side of the Inferior Angle

Insertion: Crest of Lesser Tubercle

Teres Major

Innervation and Vasculature

Innervation: Lesser Subscapular Nerve (C5 & C6)

Vasculature: Circumflex Scapular Artery

Teres Major

Action

Action

Primary: Adducts the arm, medially rotates the arm

Secondary: Assists in arm extension

Teres Minor

Origin and Insertion

Origin: Superior 2/3's of Lateral Border of Scapula

Insertion: Lowest facet of Greater Tubercle

Teres Minor

Innervation and Vasculature

Innervation: Axillary Nerve (C5 & C6)

Vasculature: Circumflex Scapular Artery

Teres Minor

Action

Action

Laterally Rotates the Arm

Triceps Brachii

Origin and Insertion

Origin:

Long Head - Infraglenoid tubercle

Lateral Head - Posterolateral humerus & lateral intermuscular septum (superior to the radial groove)

Medial Head - Posteromedial surface of the inferior 1/2 of the humerus (inferior to the radial groove)

Insertion: Olecranon Process

Triceps Brachii

Innervation and Vasculature

Innervation: Radial Nerve

Vasculature: Deep Brachial Artery

Triceps Brachii

Action

Action

Primary: Extends the forearm

Secondary: Extends and Adducts the Arm