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| A system of glands in our body that transmit messages all over the body via hormones |
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| Chemical messages that are produced in one part of the body that travel through the bloodstream, and influence the activities of cells in another part of the body. |
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-Secreted in small amounts, but very effective
-Control and coordinate body activities (mestrual cycle in women) |
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| Secrete hormones into the blood, then the bloodstream carries these hormones all over the body |
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| What does each hormone affect? |
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| Only specific or target cell |
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| What do these specific or target cells have? |
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| Special receptors for a particular hormone's message |
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| Gamate producing organs (the testes and ovaries which also produce sex hormones) |
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| androgens secreted by testes |
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| estrogen and progesterone secreted by ovaries |
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| What are sex hormones responsible for? |
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| Changes in puberty resulting in secondary sex characteristics |
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| What 3 things does the Male Reproductive System do? |
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Definition
1. Produces, stores, and releases the male gametes/sperm
2. Produces nutritional food for sperm to survive
3. Males start producing sperm during puberty and this continues through their life |
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Is relating to function
-head, body, and tail
dna ,energy, helps moving |
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| To carry genetic info and move to the egg |
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| 2 oval shaped organs that produce sperm and found in scrotum-the surrounding pouch of skin around testes keeping them cool and sperm alive! |
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| Tightly coiled tubes located in testes, where sperm is formed during meiosis |
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| What does the epididymis do? |
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Definition
| Sperm is released into this elongated sac where sperm is stored and mature (only takes 18 hours) |
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| Where does sperm go after the epididymis? |
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Definition
| To the vas deferens then to the urethra |
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| A long tube within penis, transports both urine and sperm from inside penis to outside of body |
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| What happens to sperm while they are in the urethra? |
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Definition
| They mix with other secretions from the seminal vesicle, prostate gland, and Cowper's gland to make semen |
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| What do these secretions do? |
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Definition
| Help nourish and protect sperm on their journey and coat sperm to protect them from acidic conditions in vagina |
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Definition
| A high concentration of fructose which can metabolize and use the energy for movement |
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| the external genitalia which has spongy tissue and becomes erect and filled with blood when aroused |
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| Every female has 2 ovaries which produce and store eggs |
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| What's interesting about a female's eggs?? |
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Definition
1. Every female is born with over 400,000 immature eggs and won't produce any new eggs in her lifetime
2. Only about 400 eggs are actually matured over a liftime |
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Definition
2 tubes, one located at each ovary
-Carries eggs from the ovary to the uterus
-Egg and sperm can meet in tube and unhealthily fertilize there |
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| Muscle located in lower abdomen which is home to developing fetus if fertilization should occur |
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| Lower entrance to the uterus |
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| Tube leading from the cervix to the outside of body; where penis comes in and later is the birth canal when baby is born |
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| What phase is the follicular? |
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Definition
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| How is FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) released? |
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Definition
| The hypothalamus produces a releasing factor which stimulates the pituitary gland which then releases FSH |
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Definition
Goes to ovaries and tells ovarian (follicular) cells to form around an immature egg which leads to maturing of an egg
-Also FSH promotes production of estrogen |
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Definition
| A hormone that stimulates the uterus to thicken with blood and tissue, preparing it for the possibility of fertilization |
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| What does estrogen stimulate? |
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Definition
| The pituitary gland to produce HL (luteinizing hormone) which helps mature the egg |
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| What 4 things does a woman need for menstruation to occur? |
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Definition
1.FSH
2. Estrogen
3. LH
4. Egg |
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Phase 2, Days 13-16
Matured egg goes from ovarian wall and ruptures to fallopian tube waiting to become fertilized |
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| During ovulation what happens when an egg is fertilized or not? |
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fertilized-egg becomes a zygote
not fertilized-remains an egg
fertilized or not-the zygote/egg moves through the fallopian tubes to uterus |
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Phase 3, Days 16-28
A new structure called corpus luteum develops on the ovary |
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| How are estrogen and progesterone sent out? |
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Definition
| The pituitary gland sends out LTH (luteotropic hormone) stimulates the corpus luteum to send out estrogen and progeserone |
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| What do the estrogen and progesterone do during the Luteal Phase? |
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Definition
| They help the uterine lining to thicken even more and there is a decrease in FSH which is now no longer needed |
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Phase 4, Days 1-5
It's time for the rivers to flow |
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Definition
| The zygote in the uterus becomes an embreyo which will attach to the uterine lining and begin to grow into a body. Progesterone is high during pregnancy! |
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| How does menstruation occur? |
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Definition
The egg won't attach and the corpus luteum will stop progesterone whose levels will fall and the PERIOD will begin.
-Uterine lining, blood, and unfertilized egg are released during period |
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| Humans have these cells and both chromosomes of the homologous pair is called diploid (2N=diploid) |
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| How many chromosomes does a human have? |
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Definition
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| A cell that contains one chromosome of the homologous pair, contains have the genetic info..1N=haploid |
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| Meiosis has how many nuclear divisions? |
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Definition
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Definition
-the homologous chromosomes are separated into separate cells
-begins with a total of 92 chromosomes in each cell, which is reduced to 46 chromosomes in each cell |
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Definition
-the chromatids of each chromosome are segregated into separate cells
-the result is that all daughter cells have half the number of chromosomes of the parent cells
-begins with 46 chromosomes in each cell, reduced to 23 chromosomes in each cell |
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| What are the 4 reasons prophase 1 is important in meiosis? |
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1.It's where DNA strands coil, shorten, and thicken to become c'somes
2. Spindle fibers appear in nuclear membrane and nucleolus dissapears
3. Every c'some lines up next to its homologue which is called synapsis
4. Homologous c'somes twist around each other to form a tetrad (a group of 2 c'somes) |
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| What happens while tetrads form? |
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Definition
The process of crossing over where portions of the chromatids may be exchanged either between the 2 homologues or between sister chromatids, it results in exchange of genes
It's why you are similar but not identical to bros and sis! |
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Definition
1. 4 daughter cells form a single parent cell
2. Each daughter cell has half the number of c'somes of the parent cell so they have 23 c'somes |
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