Term
| Freud's 3 components of personality |
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Definition
ID - unconscious impulses
EGO-conscious attempts to fulfill impulses
SuperEgo - braking mechanism - morality |
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Term
| Freud's 5 stages of development |
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Definition
oral - birth to 1.5 yrs
anal - 1.5 to 3 years
phallic - 3 to 6 years
latency - 6 yrs to puberty
genital-puberty to adulthood
Stages marked by progression from self-directed pleasure impulses to other-directed pleasure impulses |
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Term
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Definition
| anxiety that results from repression of impulses |
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Term
| Erikson's psychosocial focus |
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Definition
| 8 stages of development, marked by conflict between trust and mistrust of others. Each stage must be sucessfully completed before moving on to the next stage |
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Term
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Definition
trust/mistrust - birth to 1.5 yrs
autonomy/shame - 1/5 to 3 yrs
initiative/guilt - 3 to 5 yrs
industry/inferiority - 6 yr to puberty
identity/confusion - 10-20 yrs
intimacy/isolation - 20-30 yrs
growth/stagnation - 40-50 yrs
integrity/despair - 60 + yrs |
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Term
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Definition
Piaget - cognitive development
Vygotsky - sociocultural development
Steigler - information processing theory |
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Term
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Definition
| Focus on understanding the world around us and adapting to increasing demands |
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Term
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Definition
sensorimotor tasks - birth to 2 yrs - tactile world
preoperational tasks - 2-7 years imagery begins
concrete operational tasks - 7-11 yrs logic begins
formal operational tasks - 11+ years abstract thought begins |
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Term
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Definition
| mentoring from skilled elders is essential to grow from one stage to another. Stages not delineated |
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Term
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Definition
| parallels between computer processes and human thinking-encoding, storing and retrieving information |
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Term
| Behavorial theories focus |
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Definition
| Observable behavior more important than thought or emotional processes |
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Term
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Definition
Pavlov - classical conditioning
Skinner - operant conditioning
Bandura - social cognitive |
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Term
| Pavlov's classical conditioning |
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Definition
| response to one stimulus can be changed or conditioned to work from another stimulus (example dog conditioned to salivate when bell rings) |
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Term
| Skinner's operant conditioning |
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Definition
| development consists of patterns of behaviour reinforced by reward or punishment |
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Term
| Bandura's social cognitive theory |
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Definition
| focus on behaviours learned by imitating others |
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Term
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Definition
| focus on "sensitive periods" when individuals will model behaviour on an appropriate or inappropriate object depending on biology and availability |
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Term
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Definition
Lorenz-example researched "imprinting"
Bowlby-applied Lorenz' theory to humans |
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Term
| Ecological Context theory |
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Definition
| focus on "systems" individual and the other persons and institutions he interacts with |
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Term
| Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems |
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Definition
micro, meso, exo, macro and chrono
(visualize individual surrounded by expanding rings) |
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Term
| 3 approaches to child development |
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Definition
original sin - born bad (Calvinism)
tabula rasa - born a blank slate (Locke)
innate goodness - born good (Rousseau) |
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Term
| Baltes' Lifespan Perspective |
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Definition
| development continues throughout our lives rather than slowing and ending in early adulthood |
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Term
| Lifespan Development observations |
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Definition
multidimensional-change affecting more than one area at a time
multidirectional-some balance between losses and gains
plasticity-capacity for change
context-development affected by environment
conflict/competition-regulation of loss
cultural/biological/individual influences interact |
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Term
| Bronfenbrenner's contexts |
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Definition
microsystem-individual
mesosystem-family
exosystem-neighbors
macrosystem-nation
chronosystem-historic events, generational cohort |
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Term
| Research-descriptive studies |
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Definition
observation
survey/interview
standardized tests
case study
life-history record
physiological measures |
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Term
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Definition
Study of likelihood of cause and effect. Measured by positive, negative or zero correlation number.
Correlation does not equal cause, only probability. |
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Term
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Definition
independent variable - potential cause
dependent variable-measurable results that can change in response to independent variable |
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Term
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Definition
| measure taken from participants of different ages all at the same time |
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Term
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Definition
| measures results in participants over a period of time |
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Term
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Definition
| includes participants from a cross sectional study, those same individuals at later times, and new participants added at later times too |
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