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| Teachers of Communication |
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| a great greek philosopher other than aristotle |
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The study of communication is always prompted by practical problems |
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| 900 years-5th century BC to 4th century AD. It flowered under athenian democracy and lasted through roman empire and ended with the advent of christianity |
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| a prominent roman politician was cpmsodered tp ne rome's finest orator. He met his death when fighting marc antony after the death of julius caesar |
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| Cicero made many famous speeches, and were eventually made into the five canons of rhetoric: invention,style,arrangement,memory,delivery |
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| Deciding on the subject matter of one's speech and discovering information and arguments that would lead to sound conclusions |
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| The proper way to convey the message |
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| To order ideas effectively |
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| The ability to hold content, style and arrangement in one's mind |
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| To use the right tone of voice that is pleasant or the message of the speech would be undetermined |
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| built ethos by convincing them of good character, good sense and trustworthyness |
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| emphasized logos by impressing the audience with the soundness of speakers position |
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| from pathos and pulled out all the stop and was eloquent and emotional |
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| defined rhetoric as the study of the good man speaking well |
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| Medieval and Renasaince Period |
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| 400-1600 ad - major rhetorical acts were writing and preaching. Mainly focused on prescriptive, not theoretical |
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| Created by humans and harder to interpret |
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| a major christian theorist, argued that it would be foolish for thruth to takes its stand unarmed against falsehood |
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| the rise of scientific method meant that ideas and arguments should be based on observation |
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| set out to recover the insights of the great classical rhetoricians adapting to modern times |
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| Psychological/epistemological Approach |
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| investigation through the relationship of communication and thought, trying to understand the scientific way how people can influence through speech |
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| focused on writing and speaking as art forms, developing critical standards for judging drama, poetry and oratory |
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| designed eaborate systems of instruction to improve speakers verbal and nonverbal presentation |
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created the four "idols" or distortions of thinking |
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| fallacies of thinking do to human nature |
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| indivisual prejudices that we bring with us because of our own background |
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| imprecise use of language |
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fallacies occur when we accept fashionable ideas critically |
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| Rene DeCartes and John Locke |
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| trut could only be obtained only through discourse that would be through understanding of human rationality |
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| a belief in controlled laboratory expterientation and careful, objective measurement |
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| the extent that you sound believeable and compentent |
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