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| What is the most popular model |
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| 6 TTM constructs of behavior change |
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Definition
1. Stages of behavior change
2. Processes of Change
3. Decisional Balance
4. Self efficacy
5. Temptation
6. Levels of Change |
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| 5 stages of behavior change |
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Definition
precontemplation
contemplation
preperation
action
maintenance |
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| no intention to take action |
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| Intends to take action ~ 30days, some behavioral steps taken |
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| No temptation to relapse & 100% confidence (some question whether this phase truly exists) |
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Definition
Conscious Raising
Dramatic Relief
Self-reevaluation
Environmental Reevaluation
Self-liberation
Helping Relationships
Counter conditioning
Reiforcement managment
Stimulus control
social liberation |
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| Finding /learning new things that support healthy behavior change |
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| Emotional arousal about behavior & relief from changing it |
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| Affective & cognitive components, related to self identity |
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| Evironmental reevaluation |
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Definition
| Realizing the – impact (unhealthy) & + impact (healthy behavior) has on proximal social / physical environment |
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| Making a firm commitment to change |
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| Seeking & using social support for change |
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| Substitute healthy alt. behaviors/thoughts for unhealthy ones |
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| Increase rewards for + change, decrease for unhealthy behavior |
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| Remove reminders/cues to engage in unhealthy behavior, add reminders for healthy behavior |
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| Realize social norms are changing in direction of supporting healthy behavior change. |
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Term
| TTM construct 3 Decisional balance |
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Definition
| Relative weighing of the pros and cons of changing |
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Term
| TTM construct 3 Decisional balance Pros |
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Definition
benefits of changing:
Instrumental gains for self
Instrumental gains for others
Approval for self
Approval for others |
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| TTM construct 3 Decisional balance cons |
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Definition
costs of changing:
Instrumental costs to self
Instrumental costs to others
Disapproval from self
Disapproval from others |
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Term
| Construct 4: Self efficacy |
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Definition
| Belief that one can engage in healthy behavior across different challenging situations |
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| to engage in unhealthy behavior across different challenging situations |
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| Construct 6: 5 levels of change |
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Definition
Symptom/situational problems
Maladaptive problems
Current interpersonal conflicts
Family/system conflicts
Intrapersonal conflicts |
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Term
| Five critical assumptions of TTM |
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Definition
No single theory can account for the complexity of behavior change
Temporal component
Stages are both stable (more like personality traits) and open to change (dynamic like psychological states)
The majority of at risk populations are not ready to change, therefore aren’t ready for traditional action oriented programming
Specific processes and principles of change should be emphasized at specific stages to maximize efficacy |
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| Population Impact (PI) = Participation Rate (PR) x Effectiveness Rate (ER) |
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Stages in the model are arbitrary, and to classify a population in different stages serves little utility
Need to strive for parsimony of stage-matched behavior-specific processes
Lacks predictive power
Comparative studies of stage-matched versus non-stage-matched interventions are lacking
Applications to vulnerable subgroups of populations are lacking |
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