Term
| What was the major difference between de Klerk and Kramer's exterior design methodologies? |
|
Definition
Da Klerk- Additive
Kramer - Subtractive |
|
|
Term
| The two young Dutch expressionists who worked in the office of Johan van der Meij were: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The father of modern Dutch architecture who was an early advocate of Wright's work was |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The home of Dutch expressionism was |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which building represented Berlage's revival of the Dutch indigenous masonry tradition? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the two Dutch "expressionist architects best known for their designs of worker housing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was Berlage's opinion of Dutch urban housing? |
|
Definition
| Committed to the Dutch tradition as opposed to the English garden suburb movement |
|
|
Term
| What typeface was used in Bauhaus publications after teh arrival of Moholy Nagy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two avant-garde artists were credited by Larson as being somewhat responsible for the change in its teaching ideology/pedagogy from Expressionism ot Abstract Formalism |
|
Definition
| Mondrian and Van Doesburg |
|
|
Term
| Van Doesburg's term for the new way he composed space as a continous but non-linear flow of space was |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Towards a Plastic Architecture was written by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the difference in how Wright approached the design of his interiors and how van Doesburg designed his interiors? |
|
Definition
Wright - arranged continous flow
Van Doesburg - lacked understanding of space |
|
|
Term
| Neo - Plasticism is a term associated with what movement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Der Stijl movement received much of its initial impetus from the non-objective paintings by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the spatial sequence implied in the paintings by Van Doesburg |
|
Definition
| continuous free flowing space |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Red- Blue Char was designed by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Schröder House was designed by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe teh changes made in the first-year design at the Bauhaus made when Maholy-Nagy replaced Itten as the teacher |
|
Definition
| moved from an expressionist to a machinist style |
|
|
Term
| What does Larson credit for the eventual appearance of columns in the Barcelona Pavilion? |
|
Definition
| The influence of Nietzshe - reality (planes) juxtaposed lines (columns) |
|
|
Term
| What was the major design difference between Mies' Concrete and Brick Country House projects |
|
Definition
Concrete - Bays
Brick - Winding Paths |
|
|
Term
| The German term used by German designers after WWI who relied solely on realism and functionalism to describe their work was |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The objective of he Vorkurs (foundation course) at the Bauhaus was |
|
Definition
| to get everyone on the same level |
|
|
Term
| The German term that describes the spirit of Mies' Concrete Office Building of 1923 was |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Zonnestraal Sanitarium was designed by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What architectural theoretician was responsible for the shift in design theory away from Expressionism at the Welmar Bauhaus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The event most responsible for the philosophical switch at the Bauhaus from Expressionism to "The New Architecture" was |
|
Definition
| the arrival of Maholy Nagy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| realism and functionalism with no need of art |
|
|
Term
| Describe Mies' spatial order in his designs of 1923 - 1929 |
|
Definition
| assymetry and the defintion of space with the arrangement of freestanding planes within a rectilinear order |
|
|
Term
| The Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg Monument was designed by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Marcel Breuer is best known for the design of the __chair while working at the Bauhaus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Wassily chair was designed by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List 3 important design ideas Mies employed in the Barcelona Pavilion |
|
Definition
created reflections
free standing walls
non axial paths |
|
|
Term
| The Dutch architect known for his sachlich housing projects was |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __ was the leading theoretician of the De Stijl movement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The architect in overall charge of planning the 1927 Weissenhof Siedlung was |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ was the major building type that brought the International Style to the forefront of German design in the 1920s |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Barcelona Chair was designed by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The De Stijl theoretician whose lectures at the Bauhaus influenced its switch from Expressionism to Internationalism was |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When Walter Gropius assembled his faculty for the Bauhaus School, he drew many of them from which field of expertise |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ was the director of the trade/design school in Welmar when its name was changed to the Stattilches Bauhaus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One major different element in the work of Wllem Dudok's from that of Wrights? |
|
Definition
| softer mahine edge and more glass |
|
|
Term
| Willem Dudock's building show was a major influence from the work of what American architect |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Hilversum Townhall was designed by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Dutch architect responsible for spreading the influence of Wright throughout Holland was |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The father of modern Dutch architecture who was an early advocate of Wrights work was |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List two of Wrightian motifs evident in the HIlversum Town Hall |
|
Definition
horizontals
pinwheel plan |
|
|
Term
| JJP Oud belonged to the ____school |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the difference between Mies' and Corbu's column grids? |
|
Definition
| Mies kept rigid grid, Le Corbusier manipulated grid with walls |
|
|
Term
| What was the elevational design advantage of the Dom-ino system? Was this the first realization of this advantage? |
|
Definition
Walls do not carry any weight windows go right around house free elevation cantilever columns so there is no vertical movement.
No Root did it first |
|
|
Term
| Why did Le Corbusier use ramps in the interiors of his early houses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was different between Perret's concrete frames and Le Corbusier's concrete frames? |
|
Definition
perret used old system
Le Corbusier used new system - pulled columns in to minimize structural expression |
|
|
Term
| List two influences on Corbusier's interest in the two-story living space: |
|
Definition
Parisian artist's studio
Parisian cafe |
|
|
Term
| . "A machine for living in" is a concept associated with the work of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What three major architectural figures worked in Peter Behrens' office? |
|
Definition
Le Corbusier
Gropius
Mies Van der Rohe |
|
|
Term
| List Corbusier's Five Points of a New Architecture: |
|
Definition
free plan
free facade
ribbon window
pilotes
roof garden |
|
|
Term
| Le Corbusier first used the all-glass wall in what project? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Le Corbusier used this term to describe the spatial sequence in his buildings: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Le Corbusier worked for what two major European figures in pre-WWI Europe which had a marked influence on his career: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The golden section as an ordering system was best represented in the work of what architect we studied this period? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
______was the term Le Corbusier and Ozenfant chose for their painting style, which was
a conscious rejection of much of what Cubism represented. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Le Corbusier's ideal of the "pure man-made object set in dramatic contrast to nature" was probably something he picked up in what country? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Towards an Architecture was written by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The early work of Le Corbusier is known for its sensitive environmental response: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Le Corbusier made an abrupt swerve away from white purity of form when he designed which building? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Le Corbusier's "Five Points" for a new architecture as evident in the "Citrohan" projects and the Villa Savoye, basically derived from |
|
Definition
his Dom-Ino system of concrete plates and columns |
|
|
Term
| The building designed by Aalto that best represents his interpretation of Corbu's five points is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the inspiration for Aalto's design of the interior of the Finnish pavilion at the 1939 World's Fair? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did Aalto say the reason was for his incorporating a courtyard in many his projects? |
|
Definition
| Give the clients something for nothing |
|
|
Term
| List two design decisions Aalto made in consideration of the comfort of the patients at the Paimio Sanitarium: |
|
Definition
| Put radiant heating panels in the ceilings, designed sinks that made no noise-didn’t wake the other patients |
|
|
Term
| Aalto's first International Style building was the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Aalto's first use of the undulating surface of wood slats was in what building? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The bent-wood "Paimio chair" was designed by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why did Asplund incorporate spaces with skewed (non-parallel) walls in his early houses? |
|
Definition
| Picked up from vernacular architecture, created a user-oriented composition |
|
|
Term
| The name of the firm founded by Maire and Hary Gullichsen to market Aalto-designed home furnishings is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the two design criteria used by Aalto to determine the longitudinal section of the meeting hall in the library in Viipuri: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe Aalto's use of colors on the exterior of the Paimio Sanitarium: |
|
Definition
| applied color where the building was subtracted from |
|
|
Term
| Which space is used by Aalto as the high point or visual anchor of the massing composition in Villa Mairea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A switch from the ribbon window to the use of floor to ceiling glazing marked the work in the 1930s of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Centrosoyuz Headquarters in Moscow was designed by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where did Le Corbusier get the idea for linear housing and cities? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name two differences between Le Corbusier's design for the City for 3 million and his Radiant City: |
|
Definition
Buildings raised on pillars
emphasize human form |
|
|
Term
| Frank Lloyd Wright's design of the Johnson Wax Building can be best described as his interpretation of what style? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The major design innovation in the Usonian houses that influenced the design of post-WW II suburban tract homes was |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List two major details that Wright used in the Usonian house to control construction costs: |
|
Definition
standardized units
self finished interior material |
|
|
Term
| The "Usonian" house was designed by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Broadacre City was a project envisioned by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The client for Wright's "Fallingwater" house was |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List two important differences in the American city in 1960 between the actual International Style designs and the prediction of Bel Geddes in the 1939 GM Pavilion: |
|
Definition
Glass Box
Building Holds Street Corner |
|
|
Term
| List two aspects of the design of Rockelfeller Center that contribute to its success as an urban space: |
|
Definition
doesn't isolate any unit in space
maintains street traffic |
|
|
Term
| The roof terraces in Rockefeller Center were said to be influenced by what ancient precedent? |
|
Definition
| hanging gardens of Babylon |
|
|
Term
| The trademark image of the 1939 World's Fair was the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List one exterior detail that allowed the Empire State Building to be constructed so quickly: |
|
Definition
| windows were flush no detailing of joint |
|
|
Term
| What determined the locations of the setbacks in the RCA building? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____was the American architect whose urban idea of the tower in the park paralleled Le Corbusier's proposal for the city for 3 million. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Norman Bel Geddes' trademark motif was the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The designer in charge of the initial planning of Rockefeller Center was |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "Far from being a handicap, this discipline of being obliged to make a project stand on its own financial feet and to submit its details and materials to a constant critical analysis, leads to honesty and integrity of design. Under this stimulation the cobwebs of whimsey, taste, fashion, and vanity are brushed aside, and the architect finds himself face to face with the essential elements that go to make real architecture and real beauty." This is a quote by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name three major industrial designers who were active in the 1930s. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The apparent precedent for the massing of the Empire State Building was: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The designer of the Dymaxion House was |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The one word that best described the forms used to style Art Moderne designs was |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
______was the term used to describe the method of wrapping objects with sheet
metal in an attempt to give them a futurist image. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why not try nothing" was the rationale of ___ for the design of what building? |
|
Definition
Hood
New York Daily News Building |
|
|
Term
| "Dymaxion" was the term coined by ___ which meant |
|
Definition
Fuller
dynamic maximum tension |
|
|
Term
| Briefly describe how Hood developed the massing of the RCA Building: |
|
Definition
| started with elevator cores and determined the setbacks for those |
|
|
Term
| Briefly describe how Hood developed the massing of the RCA Building: |
|
Definition
deco had verticals - moderne had horizontals
deco was handicraft - moderne had machine craft
deco had angles - moderne had curves |
|
|
Term
| Art Moderne was symbolized by the use of the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The beach house in Newport Beach for Dr. Phillip Lovell was designed by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Upon his arrival in the US, Gropius assumed the directorship of the architecture school at ___ while Mies eventually was named head of the school at ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does Philip Johnson's Glass House minimize heat gain in the summer? |
|
Definition
| shading by deciduous trees |
|
|
Term
| Another early post-WW II house that made use of steel, but differed from the essays of Mies and Johnson in that it utilized standardized parts and was composed in a sensitive irregularity which reflected a refined sense of the ordinary was designed by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List two requirements that had to be met by a building in order to qualify to be included in MOMA's 1932 "International Style" exhibition: |
|
Definition
composistional balance
no arbitrary ornament to the building |
|
|
Term
| The projects most often associated with Nazi Germany were designed by architect |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List two reasons why the Farnsworth House was an environmental disaster: |
|
Definition
no working windows
single pane windows |
|
|
Term
| The only totalitarian regime in PreWWII Europe that did not adopt a literal Neo-classicism as the official style of the state was in what country? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How did the elevation of the McGraw-Hill Building differ from other skyscrapers designed by Hood? |
|
Definition
| emphasized horizontal and had continuous spandrels |
|
|
Term
| List two architects who immigrated to the US before Hitler rose to power who were early practitioners of the International Style in the US: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The two Austrian architects who came to the U.S. and worked with Wright were: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| he first European architect to bring the International Style to California was |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who is credited with the coining the term "International Style" and for what reason? |
|
Definition
| Phillip Johnson for the Moma exhibit |
|
|
Term
| Who was the last director of the German Bauhaus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name two skyscrapers built before WWII that exhibited the International Style in some of their parts, list the architect of each: |
|
Definition
PSFS Building by Howe and Lescaze
McGraw Hill Building by Hood |
|
|
Term
| The first skyscraper in the U.S. to exhibit the massing and the exterior language of the European "International Style" was the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The two curators of the MOMA show, "The International Style," were |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The McGraw-Hill Building was designed by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Casa del Fascio was designed by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| High Point I, an early Le Corbusier-inspired, International Style apartment building outside of London, was designed by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dolf Hitler chose ____ architecture as symbolic of the Third Reich. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Philadelphia Savings Fund Society Building was designed by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The building that best represents the coming together of Wright's ideas of plan, section, and elevation in creating continuity of space and movement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List two details Mies used in his American buildings to divorce them from the existing urban fabric: |
|
Definition
lifted buildings off the ground
set the building back from the sidewalk |
|
|
Term
| What advantage is there in offsetting the location of the core in the plan of a highrise office building? |
|
Definition
| it is better for planning the space around the building |
|
|
Term
| What detail in the Lever House allows the pedestrian to reconnect with tower after leaving the sidewalk? |
|
Definition
| the u shaped lifted terrace that creates a courtyard |
|
|
Term
| What was the new architectural material whose price had dropped significantly after the end of WWII, that it quickly was adopted as the exterior material of choice for the next twenty years? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the lateral (wind) load structure of the Sears Building: |
|
Definition
| 9 square as a bundled tube |
|
|
Term
| Describe the problem that "rationalist" International Style designers tried to avoid and what was the typical solution? |
|
Definition
can't express each column the same
they would cantiliver the ends |
|
|
Term
| ______ was the last and tallest of the International Style glass box skyscrapers. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What three environmental systems were combined in the development of the suspended ceiling during the 1950s? |
|
Definition
lighting
ventilation
sprinklers |
|
|
Term
| What kept the International Style glass box skyscraper from going no taller than the Chase Manhattan Bank? |
|
Definition
| the structure needed to resist the wind would cost too much |
|
|
Term
| Discuss the interrelationship between exterior and interior detailing in choosing between a centerline to centerline curtain wall and one that is inserted between the sides of the columns: |
|
Definition
| cantilever the curtain wall out from the columns so that all the windows can be the same |
|
|
Term
| The first post WWII glass box skyscraper in the US was the |
|
Definition
| Equitable Life Savings Building |
|
|
Term
| What two major projects were responsible for the large size of SOM by the end of WWII? |
|
Definition
Manhattan Project
VA Hospitals |
|
|
Term
| What skyscraper marked the ultimate retreat from the street and the start of "Plaza-mania?" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The conceptual design of the UN office tower was the product of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ was responsible for the conceptual design of the UN office tower. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "I don't want to be interesting, I want to be good" is a quote ascribed to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the difference in how Mies designed spaces in his pre-WW II European buildings and those in his post-WW II American buildings: |
|
Definition
pre - flow of space and simplicity
post - rational and symmetrical |
|
|
Term
| "Architecture is the will of an epoch translated into space" is a quote by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The SOM partner responsible for the design of the Lever House was |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why were the Lever House and the Seagram's Building much more expensive than the face value of their construction: |
|
Definition
| they did not build on the full site |
|
|
Term
| List the three locations for a glass skin in a skyscraper and list a building from class that is an example of each type: |
|
Definition
inside structural frame - infill - Equitable Savings Bank
in front of the structure - UN Headquarters
behind the structure - Inland Steel Building |
|
|
Term
| The difference between SOM's typical corner detail as represented in the Inland Steel Building and Mies' typical corner detial as represented in the Seagram's Building is: |
|
Definition
| Mies would cantilever the floor half a bay past the last column while SOM placed a column in the corner to create a full bay. |
|
|
Term
| Define Le Corbusier's idea of "a redent:" |
|
Definition
| long set back apartment blocks |
|
|
Term
| Le Corbusier's utopian city plan developed in the 1930s was named |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| New research indicates that WWII had two influences on the subsequent designs of Le Corbusier? |
|
Definition
softer curvilinear shapes
use of raw concrete |
|
|
Term
| List two design ideas incorporated in Ville Radieuse that were a direct response to the new battle techniques used in WW I: |
|
Definition
airplanes could land in the middle
high towers can shoot planes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| balcony/ sun baffle wall - response to the southern sun |
|
|
Term
| What project was conceived as an experimental fragment of VR? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where did Le Corbusier get the idea for linear housing and cities? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where did the term Brutalism initially come from? |
|
Definition
| Le Corbusier use of exposed concrete in Unite d’ Habitation |
|
|
Term
| The proportioning system developed and used by Le Corbusier was known as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The French term for the type of concrete construction used by Le Corbusier in his later projects is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The formal pivot point of the composition in the Otaniemi Technical Institute is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List three points of human contact in buildings that Aalto exploited with a change of materials: |
|
Definition
| Handrails, doorknobs, columns, stairs |
|
|
Term
| The building usually credited as the inspiration for the design of the interview floor in Aalto's National Pension Institute is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| he formal pivot point of the massing in the Säynätsalo Town Hall is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The best example of Aalto's undulating wall in his American buildings is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The fan-shaped plan is a typical scheme in the planning of many buildings designed by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which building by Aalto was the first to use wood in any significant way, marking his move away from pure Functionalism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Discuss the reasons for the final configuration of the floor plan of the Vuoksenniska Church: |
|
Definition
| Come in on the side of the worship space, forced to look at the altar, 3 small spaces in Sunday school, can't afford classrooms so concrete partitions |
|
|
Term
| Describe the ideas behind the massing of the Baker House: |
|
Definition
one side faces campus - orthagonal
other side faces river - curvy |
|
|
Term
| What did Aalto do in the National Pensions Institute to articulate the massing of the building so that it reads as interpenetrating masses rather than a continuous volume? |
|
Definition
| He had façades that don’t quite line up |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following buildings designed by Alvar Aalto marked his departure from the International Style? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name two details Eliel Saarinen employed in Christ Lutheran Church in order to minimize acoustic shadows: |
|
Definition
undulating wall
sloped ceiling |
|
|
Term
| Name the consensus choice by American architects as the best design in the U.S. and its architect in each category, as expressed in this course: |
|
Definition
best building in America: salk institute by kahn
urban space: Rockefeller center by hood
best site planning in a collection of buildings, employing portal, path, and place: cranbrook by Saarinen |
|
|
Term
| What technology did Eero Saarinen adopt from the automobile industry in the detailing of the GM Tech Center? |
|
Definition
neoprene glazing gasket
lightweight insulating panel |
|
|
Term
| ____ was given the responsibility for the design of all of the buildings at the Cranbrook School of Design. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What one major reservation about the design of Dulles did Larson express: |
|
Definition
| central drain in the middle looks like a column |
|
|
Term
| What two major reservations about the design of Kresge auditorium did Larson express: |
|
Definition
structure not expressed on inside
shape is not good for acoustics |
|
|
Term
| Crow Island School, which set the model for the design of the post WWII elementary school in the US was designed by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The inspiration for the scale of Eero Saarinen's site plan of the GM Tech Center was |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List three technological innovations in construction developed by Eero Saarinen that would become standard techniques during the late 1960s: |
|
Definition
a. neoprene glazing gasket
b. lightweight insulated panel wall
c._self oxidizing steel |
|
|
Term
| What grade school established the prototype for the post WWII baby boom and who designed it: |
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a. Crow Island School
b. Saarinen |
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| What is the name of the school of art in Detroit designed by Eliel Saarinen? |
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| "The thing itself" was the objective of whose work? |
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| What two deviations from the International Style in the Yale Art Gallery represent Kahn's initial break with this style? |
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a. horizontal brick courses
b. exposed concrete structure expressed |
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| The occupiable exterior wall was a technique that evolved in the work of |
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| The "occupiable wall" is a major theme used by |
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| In describing the atrium of the Yale Museum of British Art, Larson pointed out a problem that has always plagued architects. This was; |
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| losing the corner column on the interior |
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| Kahn's pyramidal waffle slab in the Yale Art Museum was inspired by |
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| Kahn's use of hollow structure is thought to have derived from what technique of his Beaux-Arts training? |
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| "Let me tell you how I was made" describes whose approach to ornament? |
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| What did Louis Kahn mean by "discovering the 'form' of a problem?" |
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| the cosmic essence of any given problem |
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| Kahn's concept of "served and servant spaces" which developed out of his early use of hollow structures is thought by some historians to have been derived from what Beaux-Arts principle? |
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| "Each space must be defined by its structure and the character of its natural light" is a quote by: |
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